Expert Identification Research Articles

Expert identification and selection: Legal liability concerns and directions

Legal liabilities pertaining to the identification and selection of domain experts is an issue that could adversely impact expert systems developers. Problems pertaining to flawed knowledge, improperly defined expertise, and behavioural and psychological impediments are just some of the issues. This paper examines the torts of strict products liability and negligence that system developers could incur as a result of expert-related difficulties. Parallels from legal scholars and federal and state court decisions are discussed relevant to expert system projects and developers. The paper concludes with a presentation of steps that systems developers can take to minimize potential legal liability.

State Government Promotion of Manufacturing Exports: A Gap Analysis

This study empirically examines the level of the export-related expertise of manufacturing firms in a Midwestern state of the United States, various problems they face in export business, and types of government assistance desired, by their stage of export involvement. It also investigates the appropriateness of government export assistance and the gap between governmental export promotion efforts and private sector needs. It is shown that the identification of expertise, problems, and government assistance needs by export stage can help government agencies develop a systematic approach to export promotion.

Personal attributes of expert auditors

Considerable effort has been expended on the development of systems which depend on the identification of experts. Some examples include the development of expert systems, as well as personnel selection, training, and promotion procedures. In each case, a key step is to select and analyze experts. However, little is known about the pattern of personal attributes associated with experts. This study explored the perceptions of expert auditors by three groups: managers/partners, seniors/supervisors, and auditing students. Subjects first listed all the attributes that they felt were important in an auditor. They then evaluated 20 attributes which might be associated with auditors. Unexpectedly, the results for the three groups were quite similar: cognitive/ knowledge attributes were most important, followed by self-presentation/ image attributes, and strategic/decision-making attributes; least important were personal appearance/style characteristics. There were a few differences between the groups, with managers and partners emphasizing how an expert thought over how he/she behaved; seniors and supervisors stressed strategic concerns over style; and auditing students focused on externally observable characteristics. The results have three implications. First, professionals can identify a consistent set of attributes they associate with experts. Second, there are some differences between the perceptions of experts, novices, and naive subjects that could be important. Third, the results have implications for defining and measuring expertise, for developing expert systems, and for establishing training, evaluation, and promotion procedures.

An integrated identification methodology for control and identification

An integrated identification methodology (IIM) is presented that appropriately combines expert systems and adaptive identification technologies for process control systems. Since many physical systems have both numerical and non-numerical characteristics, both qualitative and quantitative descriptions of the characteristics are proposed in the IIM for identification and control. Characteristic descriptions and parameters of the controlled process are identified using expert systems and adaptive algorithms, respectively, in order to meet a full-scale identification requirement. The proposed methodology is currently implemented in a Lisp based expert systems shell for synthesis, analysis and design of process control systems. In addition, examples, on-going work and insights concerning this issue are addressed.

An Expert System for Industrial Process Identification

An expert identification package would be a very useful1 tool as soon as every industrial process identification problem requires a great knowledge of identification methods and a good experience of technological rea1izations. It must be composed with a control mechanism, a set of inference rules, an algorithms base and the interfaces allowing conversation between all these blocks. We present here some generalities about the identification problem, the required structure of the expert knowledge and the specifications on the control mechanism.A demonstration model has been developed, using ELISE, an expert system shell developed at University of Bordeaux I.

Expert Identification and Control

This paper concerns the development of software to facilitate the installation and maintenance of self-tuning controllers by non-specialist personnel. State-of-the-art techniques borrowed from the field of Artificial Intelligence are being used to encode the knowledge of self-tuning experts. The paper describes our aspirations rather than a working system. Our goal is the creation of an integrated self-tuning environment which will assist the operator wishing to commission and manage a self-tuner on-line, and will help the specialist researcher to collate the results of case studies and to plough back into the system the latest developments.

Science Since Babylon. Derek J. de Solla Price. Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn., 1961. 149 pp. $4.50

The eSCCAN project aims to federate smoking cessation clinics in Europe to share and improve practices. Method: Identification of eSCCAN experts in 26 of the 27 European countries has allowed to organize meetings and internet communication to reach a consensus among the smoking cessation clinics in Europe and to specify their number. Results: The current estimate is that there is about 2500 tobacco cessation clinics in Europe. A minority of them are centers of councelling to stop smoking without the possibility of prescription; a higher number is made of doctors9 offices or paramedics. The vast majority consists of tobacco cessation clinics with several health professionals and all facilities for smoking cessation. Examples of good and bad practices have been described on many topics such as rendez-vous delays, that must be less than 3 weeks for a first appointment. Some definitions have met consensus as the definition of healing, and in particular the period which defines a successful cessation. While waiting to close the debate, the recommendation is to record the cessation at 3, 6 and 12 months, with a particular focus at 6 months. A code and a self-audit in many languages are available on the website for a first evaluation of the activity of the consultations that will enable future improvement. Conclusions: The project provides real rapprochement eSCCAN knowledge to practices for smoking cessation in Europe that support in each country in Europe less than 10% of smokers, but disseminate knowledge and contribute to the assessment for teaching and research.