Experimental Research Research Articles

Simulation and experimental research on energy management control strategy for fuel cell heavy-duty truck

Energy Management Control Strategies (EMCS) play a significant role in improving the economy of Fuel Cell Heavy-duty Truck (FCHT). In this paper, a Single Fuzzy (S-Fuzzy) control strategy is introduced for the FCHT by considering the output characteristics of the fuel cell as well as the charging and discharging power characteristics of the power battery at the current state of charge (SOC). On this basis, the real-time difference between the current SOC and the target SOC of the power battery during the actual operation of the vehicle was further considered, the real-time correction coefficient of the fuel cell output power was introduced, and a Compound Fuzzy (C-Fuzzy) control strategy suitable for FCHT was developed. Meanwhile, the established vehicle model was verified dynamically and economically to ensure its accuracy, with the maximum speed error lower than 2%, the SOC error within 4.9%, and the relative dynamic simulation error of 1.3%. Utilizing co-simulation platforms Cruise and Matlab, the research demonstrates that the C-Fuzzy control strategy significantly outperforms the S-Fuzzy strategy, reducing Equivalent Hydrogen Consumption (EHC) by 1.63% under C-WTVC conditions and by 3.12% under CHTC-TT conditions. To counteract efficiency loss from fuel cell load fluctuations, a real-time EMCS based on C-Fuzzy control and multi-level power output was developed. Validated over a 122-km route, the real-time EMCS reduced the equivalent hydrogen consumption per 100 km of the FCHT to 10.14 kg, maintained the average fuel cell efficiency at 51.02%, and ensured stable SOC of the power battery within the predetermined target range.

Experimental research on response characteristics of optically controlled micro-damping system based on PLZT ceramic-electrorheological fluid

Electro and magnetic rheological materials show an increasingly important position in potential applications, such as clutch, vibration damping, and micro-valves because of their fast response speed. However, easy to cause electromagnetic interference is always an unresolved problem of electro and magnetic stimulated smart materials. In this paper, combining the advantages of PLZT ceramic and electrorheological fluid (ERF), an optically controlled micro-damping system is designed, with advantages of little electromagnetic interference and non-contact control. The mechanism of the optically controlled micro-damping system is carried out, and the electrorheological fluid pressure difference of optically controlled micro-damping system under different light intensities are obtained via experimental methods. Compared experimental data with theoretical analysis, the results show the feasibility of the optically controlled micro-damping system based on PLZT ceramic-ERF and its application prospect in the field of damping control are proved.

Mathematical Model of Vibration-Centrifugal Processing of Parts Using Loose Abrasive

The article presents some new theoretical and experimental solution of a scientific and applied problem of technological support for vibratory centrifugal processing of complex-profiled parts in a bulk abrasive environment. This solution aims to increase productivity while ensuring the desired quality of the processed surfaces. The authors have developed a mathematical model that describes the action of abrasive particles on the surface of the parts, taking into account the parameters of the granular abrasive medium based on Voigt’s law. This allows the description of dynamic processes in the processing environment for a wide range of material types. The natural frequencies of oscillations of the processed medium layer have been determined, which depend on the amplitude of its vibrations for different densities of soft and hard materials of the processed medium and the medium with linear-elastic properties. The methodology includes the use of test equipment to conduct experimental research on the process, which involves determining changes in specific metal removal rates and surface roughness using the frequency converter Altivar 71 with the PowerSuite v.2.5.0 software.

Integrated single-cell and bulk RNA-Seq analysis enhances prognostic accuracy of PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy response in lung adenocarcinoma through necroptotic anoikis gene signatures

In addition to presenting significant diagnostic and treatment challenges, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common form of lung cancer. Using scRNA-Seq and bulk RNA-Seq data, we identify three genes referred to as HMR, FAM83A, and KRT6A these genes are related to necroptotic anoikis-related gene expression. Initial validation, conducted on the GSE50081 dataset, demonstrated the model's ability to categorize LUAD patients into high-risk and low-risk groups with significant survival differences. This model was further applied to predict responses to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapies, utilizing the IMvigor210 and GSE78220 cohorts, and showed strong correlation with patient outcomes, highlighting its potential in personalized immunotherapy. Further, LUAD cell lines were analyzed using quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blot analysis to confirm their expression levels, further corroborating the model's relevance in LUAD pathophysiology. The mutation landscape of these genes was also explored, revealing their broad implication in various cancer types through a pan-cancer analysis. The study also delved into molecular subclustering, revealing distinct expression profiles and associations with different survival outcomes, emphasizing the model’s utility in precision oncology. Moreover, the diversity of immune cell infiltration, analyzed in relation to the necroptotic anoikis signature, suggested significant implications for immune evasion mechanisms in LUAD. While the findings present a promising stride towards personalized LUAD treatment, especially in immunotherapy, limitations such as the retrospective nature of the datasets and the need for larger sample sizes are acknowledged. Prospective clinical trials and further experimental research are essential to validate these findings and enhance the clinical applicability of our prognostic model.

Design and experiment of electromagnetic-hydraulic-rubber integrated vibration isolator

Low-frequency radiated noise, characterized by a distinctive “acoustic fingerprint” is generated when vibrations from marine machinery propagate through a ship’s hull into the ocean. This type of noise travels long distances with concentrated and stable energy, posing a significant threat to a ship’s acoustic stealth capabilities. Active-passive hybrid isolation is the primary method for reducing low-frequency radiated noise from ships; however, technical challenges remain, such as effectively integrating active and passive components, achieving high output force in a compact design, and addressing the poor linearity of actuator output at low frequencies. To address these issues, this paper presented an innovative electromagnetic-hydraulic-rubber integrated vibration isolator. Firstly, the study analyzed the dynamic characteristics of a two-degree-of-freedom isolation system and investigated the influence of active-passive hybrid vibration isolator parameters on control force and vibration reduction performance. Secondly, it was established that the magnetic circuit model and magnetic field strength expressions for the electromagnetic actuator using magnetic circuit analysis derive the analytical relationship between electromagnetic force, current amplitude, and frequency using the energy method. Subsequently, a mathematical model was developed for the rubber-hydraulic suspension component to examine its dynamic characteristics, hydraulic damping, and hydraulic force amplification transmission laws. Lastly, we organically combine the electromagnetic actuator with the rubber-hydraulic suspension and conduct a multi-physics joint simulation of the integrated vibration isolator using Comsol software to verify the effectiveness of the optimized design and vibration isolation control. Experimental research was carried out on the dynamic characteristics, output force properties, and fatigue characteristics of the integrated vibration isolator prototype. Results indicated that the established models and methods can achieve over 90% accuracy in predicting the performance of the electromagnetic actuator’s output force and exhibit good linearity within the 5–400 Hz range. The rubber-hydraulic suspension can achieve an amplification factor of up to 1.5 for the electromagnetic force while reducing the transmission of vibrations to the base. The research findings can enhance the low-frequency vibration isolation performance of marine machinery equipment and improve their acoustic stealth capabilities.

Experimental research on the reflection and response characteristics of pressure pulse waves for different gas pipeline blockage materials

AbstractNatural gas pipelines are exposed to complex production and transportation environments, leading to blockages of varying compositions and forms due to various factors. This paper proposes a pressure pulsing wave‐based pipe blockage detection method, and a series of pipeline blockage detection experiments of different materials are carried out, including hydrate blockage, ice blockage, paraffin blockage, and water blockage. Through the blockage detection calculation theory and the reflection and transmission characteristics during pressure wave emission, the blockage position, length, and section blockage rate under different blockage materials are obtained, and the influence of different blockage materials on the reflection and transmission signal characteristics of the pressure pulse wave is analyzed. The results show that the solid blocking material does not noticeably impact the reflectivity and reflective properties of pressure waves, and different cross‐sectional shapes have a noticeable impact on the reflectivity of the pressure wave. The reflected wave waveform of the liquid blockage material is visible but irregular. The average error of blockage location is 0.78%.

The role of plant extracts in the complex therapy of diseases of the musculoskeletal system

Medicinal plants and their secondary metabolites are increasingly used in the treatment of diseases in complex therapy. Inflammation is a pathological condition that includes a wide range of diseases such as rheumatic and immune-mediated conditions, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, etc. Three plants are presented in the review: Harpgophytum procumbens, Curcuma longa, Bosswellia serrata, whose anti-inflammatory effects have been evaluated in clinical and experimental research. The use of Harpgophytum, turmeric and boswellia shows that these phytochemicals can directly act on multiple inflammatory mechanisms and may reduce pain and slow cartilage degradation in patients with osteoarthritis. Since treating inflammation is not a onedimensional remedy, we attempted to describe a multidimensional therapeutic approach to inflammation using phytoextracts. However, further research is needed to provide more information about the effectiveness of herbal extracts, as well as their combinations, in people with inflammatory joint diseases.

Experimental research of ECW pre-ionization and assisted startup in EAST

Experimental research on the electron cyclotron wave (ECW) pre-ionization and assisted start-up was carried out systematically for the first time in EAST tokamak, which is a superconducting device with ITER-like full metal wall. Breakdown and plasma initiation at low toroidal electric fields (<0.3 V m−1) with ECW pre-ionization and startup assistance has been demonstrated. Also, the parameter domain of breakdown is significantly extended towards higher prefill gas pressure. The effect of ECW injection timing, power, toroidal injection angle on breakdown were also investigated. Injecting ECW earlier leads to an earlier breakdown and a higher plasma current ramp rate. The electron cyclotron heating (ECH) power threshold for breakdown in EAST is approximately 0.4 MW. In the range of ECH power tested in this work, higher ECH power is advantageous for achieving earlier and faster breakdown. Furthermore, the breakdown with radial ECW injection occurs earlier compared with oblique injections (co-current and counter-current). During the ECW-assisted startup, the process of burn-through is prolonged by the higher pre-filled gas pressure even though it enhances the ease of breakdown. In addition, compared to the low hybrid wave assistance, the ECW assistance has an effect in averting the generation of runaway electrons and improving the safety of device during startup. Moreover, the ECW assistance exhibits a high tolerance to the impurity and thus ensures a high ramp rate of plasma current even with a high impurity level.

Laser-Based Mobile Visible Light Communication System.

Mobile visible light communication (VLC) is key for integrating lighting and communication applications in the 6G era, yet there exists a notable gap in experimental research on mobile VLC. In this study, we introduce a mobile VLC system and investigate the impact of mobility speed on communication performance. Leveraging a laser-based light transmitter with a wide coverage, we enable a light fidelity (LiFi) system with a mobile receiving end. The system is capable of supporting distances from 1 m to 4 m without a lens and could maintain a transmission rate of 500 Mbps. The transmission is stable at distances of 1 m and 2 m, but an increase in distance and speed introduces interference to the system, leading to a rise in the Bit Error Rate (BER). The mobile VLC experimental system provides a viable solution to the issue of mobile access in the integration of lighting and communication applications, establishing a solid practical foundation for future research.

Attention Training for Child Anxiety and Its Disorders: Moving from Research to Clinical Implementation.

Attention training is an evidence-based, computerized treatment for anxiety and its disorders rooted in cognitive neuroscience. Though experimental research and clinical trials data on attention training in children span two decades, the literature has focused on attention training's anxiety reduction effects, with little guidance on its implementation in clinical practice. Guidance on implementation is needed given recent efforts to increase accessibility of attention training in clinical practice settings. In this article, we move from research to clinical implementation, providing guidelines with pragmatic clinical steps. We include guidance on psychoeducation, setting and delivery of sessions, potential challenges, and frequently asked questions regarding implementation.

Impact Dynamics Simulation for Magnetorheological Fluid Saturated Fabric Barriers

Abstract Experimental research has investigated the non-Newtonian fluid augmentation of fabric barrier materials, aimed at adding impact energy dissipation mechanisms and thereby improving ballistic performance. Published experimental results on the effectiveness of these augmentations are mixed, and numerical models supporting complimentary modeling research are lacking, primarily due to the multiple geometric and material nonlinearities present in the system. The combination of Hamiltonian mechanics with hybrid particle-element kinematics offers a very general modeling approach to impact simulation for these systems, one which includes interstitial fluid–structure interactions, the yarn level dynamics of projectile impacts, and yarn fracture without the introduction of slidelines and without mass or energy discard. Three-dimensional (3D) impact simulations show good agreement with published experiments for magnetorheological (MR) fluid-saturated Kevlar, including fabric tested under bulk field excitation of the target region and magnetomechanically edge-clamped fabric sliding in an excited air gap. The Hamiltonian method employed to develop the system-level model allows for computationally efficient partitioning of the modeled physics while maintaining a thermodynamically consistent formulation.

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Pada Sub Materi Daur Biogeokimia Di Kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Darangdan

This research aims to determine the effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model on student learning outcomes in the Biogeochemical Cycle sub-material in Class X SMA Negeri 1 Darangdan. This research uses a quantitative approach with a Quasi Experimental research method with a Non Equivalent Control Group Design. The population in this study were all class X students of SMA Negeri 1 Darangdan, Purwakarta Regency. The sampling technique was Purposive Sampling with a sample of class X.9 as the experimental class which took part in learning by applying the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model and class The variables of this research include the independent variable, namely the Learning Model (PBL Learning Model vs. Conventional Learning Model) and the dependent variable, namely student learning outcomes in the Biogeochemical Cycle sub-material in Class X SMA Negeri 1 Darangdan. The data collection technique uses the Test Method. The instrument used is a multiple choice test. Learning outcome data were analyzed using the Independent Sample T-test. Learning Results of experimental class students achieved good characteristics and the control class only achieved adequate characteristics. The mean post-test for the experimental class was 83.1 and the mean post-test for the control class was 74.04. The results of the Independent Sample t-test show the value of tcount = 3.363 &gt; ttable = 1.989. Because tcount &gt; ttable, Ho is rejected and H1 is accepted, which means that there is a significant difference in student learning outcomes between classes that take part in learning using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model and classes that take part in conventional learning. And also the Sig value. (2-tailed) &lt; 0.05, namely 0.001. So it can be concluded that the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model influences student learning outcomes.

Integrating Time Token With Strip Story in Teaching Explanation Text to Improve Students’ Speaking Achievement at Secondary School

The objective of the research was to know how the significant difference between teaching explanation text before and after being taught by integrating time token with strip story. The research used the eleventh grade of senior high school Metro which consisted of 25 students. This research used quantitative research with quasi experimental research. Data collecting techniques of the research were speaking test and questionaire. The researcher used Kolmogorov Smirnov of SPSS 16.00. The data were normally distributed if the alpha level was higher than 0.05 (p&gt;0.05).The researcher used the integrating time token with strip story to improve students’ speaking achievement. Time token with strip story was integrating two techniques that could solve the students’ difficulties in teaching speaking.In teaching learning by using time token with strip story consisted of three meetings.The first meeting took the pretest .The result of the pretest showed that the minimal score of the students were 36 and the maximum score was 44. In teaching learning, the researcher gave the students the coupon and asked them to explain the topic by using the strip story on it. The students had 60 seconds to explain the strip story. At the last meeting, the researcher gave the posttest and the score was 78 was the minimum score and 88 was the maximum. Based on the result of we could conclude that integrating time token with strip story can give significant improvement in teaching explanation text at secondary school.

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Group Investigation terhadap Hasil Belajar PPKn Kelas 3 di MI Ikhwanul Muslimin

Student PPKn learning outcomes are still unsatisfactory, causing students' low understanding of the material, thus affecting student learning outcomes who have not reached the Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM) score. This research aims to determine the effect of implementing the group investigation type cooperative learning model to answer existing problems in the field. The research method used is an experimental research method. The research results show that: (1) Student learning outcomes before using the Group Investigation Cooperative Learning Model show that the average learning outcomes for experimental class students is 65.6 and the control class is 74.8. These results show that the average learning outcome for the experimental class is still below the KKM, namely 68; (2) Student Learning Results after using the Group Investigation Type Cooperative Learning Model, in this discussion the results of data analysis for the final test (posttest) between the experimental and control groups show different average values. This shows that the average learning outcome for experimental class students is 70.4 and the control class is 77.6. These results show that the two classes got an average learning outcome above the KKM, namely 68; (3) The influence of the Group Investigation type cooperative learning model on student learning outcomes. In the application of the group investigation type cooperative learning model, it can be concluded that the results of the pretest for class III A students (experiment) got a value below the average, namely 65.6, while the KKM in terms of Civics learning at school is 68. After being treated with the group investigation type cooperative learning model in this class, it can be seen that there has been an increase in learning outcomes up to 70.4. So we get a difference of 4.8.

Experimental Analysis of Spiral Finishing Process on EDM Drilled Hole in Titanium

It is quite evident that some of the experimental research works have been carried out by researchers in the area of spiral polishing using abrasive for surface finishing improvement but most of the experiment has been employed on Steel or Alloy Steel as a material. Very few number of research works have been performed by researchers across the globe on the Spiral Polishing Method of Titanium holes made by Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM). Therefore, experimental investigations were carried out in the area of Spiral Polishing and Finishing of EDM-drilled holes of various materials to meet the desired goal of demands on the surface quality. This experimentation aims to develop a novel method with spiral polishing using abrasive flow finishing. To explore the search investigation and find out the better surface finishing for through holes made on EDM, the process parameters have been designed using the Taguchi L16 orthogonal array with input parameters such as Current (I), Pulse on time (Ton), and Pulse off time (Toff). The addition of Boron Carbide Powder with Handwash, Glycerine, Shampoo, and Liquid Soap is used to decrease the Surface Roughness (Ra) with a ratio of 5 : 1. The Taguchi technique is used to assess the P/M process parameter setting for a given signal to noise (S/N) ratio.

Pinus rigida-wood extract as an antifungal activity for a model paper and leather that is comparable to historical manuscripts - an experimental research

Pinus rigida-wood extract as an antifungal activity for a model paper and leather that is comparable to historical manuscripts - an experimental research

Online sorting of surface defective walnuts based on deep learning

To address concerns regarding walnut shell damage and inadequate sorting precision during the mechanized sorting of walnuts, a walnut automatic sorting machine was designed based on deep learning and experimental research. Initially, the rationality of the design was verified through experiment. Then, three deep learning semantic segmentation algorithms, namely PSPnet, U-net, and Deeplabv3+, were selected to train walnut detection models. Results indicated that the U-net algorithm proved to be the most effective, achieving a Mean Intersection over Union of 96.71% and a Mean Pixel Accuracy value of 98.52%. Finally, performance tests were conducted on the prototype machine, yielding results with an average sorting efficiency of 51.70 kg/h, an average loss rate of 6.50%, and an average accuracy of sorting walnuts of 92.98%. The findings can provide insights for future structural improvements and operational parameter optimization of walnut automatic sorting machines.

Morphohistological assessment of osseointegration of dental implants installed during reconstruction of the alveolar part of the mandible by the method of reversible bone block. Experimental research

This article describes an experimental study involving animals, which examines the osseointegration of dental implants installed during the reconstruction of the alveolar part of the mandible by the method of reversible bone block. The protocols of surgical intervention, sampling of material for morphohistological analysis, preparation of biopsy samples for examination, as well as the results of the study are presented.

Study on preparation technology of Qi Yu constitution Yangsheng granules.

Understanding how pharmaceutical formulas target specific illnesses is crucial for developing effective treatments. Enriching ion channel data is a critical first step in comprehending a formula's mechanism of action. This study aims to explore the effective disease spectrum of the Qi Yu granule formula through network pharmacology analysis and backtracking, and analyze its potential curative effects on liver and spleen system diseases, particularly depression and breast cancer. Using pharmacological tools and database analysis, the ion channel data of the formula's components were investigated. The effective disease spectrum was determined, and diseases related to liver and gallbladder, liver depression, and spleen deficiency were identified. Network pharmacology analysis was conducted to backtrack diseases, target gene proteins, and drug compositions. The extraction technology of volatile oil from medicinal herbs was experimentally studied to optimize the preparation process. The effective disease spectrum analysis identified potential curative effects of the Qi Yu granule formula on various diseases, including breast cancer. Backtracking revealed relationships between diseases, target gene proteins, and drug compositions. Experimental studies on volatile oil extraction provided insights into optimizing the preparation process. The study underscores the potential therapeutic benefits of the Qi Yu granule formula for liver and spleen system diseases. By integrating network pharmacology analysis and experimental research, this study offers valuable insights into the formulation and efficacy of the Qi Yu granules, paving the way for further exploration and optimization of TCM formulations.

Microstructural examination of osseointegration using computer microtomography of dental implants installed during reconstruction of the alveolar part of the mandible by the method of reversible bone block. Experimental research

This article describes an experimental study with animal training, which examines the osseointegration of dental implants installed during the reconstruction of the alveolar part of the mandible by the method of reversible bone block. The protocols of surgical intervention, sampling of material for microtomography analysis, as well as the results of the study are presented.