Design Experiment Research Articles

Linguistic experiment in Russian language lesson design

The current standard program for the subject “Russian Language” outlines the genres that a basic school graduate must master. However, the implementation of some genre forms does not have methodological support. The problem of developing a methodology for creating a story based on two journalistic texts became fundamental in a linguistic experiment conducted in a binary lesson in the seventh grade. Moreover, the design of the peer learning, where ninth-graders acted as consultants, also contributed to the testing of a new form of educational activity. This pedagogical research made it possible to develop practical and methodological recommendations that can be used by teachers and students in preparation for the final certification, as well as in lessons on speech development.

Education Prototyping: a Methodological Device for Technical Democracy

AbstractThe potential of applying a ‘technical democracy’ (Callon et al. 2009) to the context of sociotechnical controversies in education is the focus of this paper. This process reflects an emergent 'thought collective' (Fleck 1979) whose common interests, yet diverse expertise, are articulated through provisional objects and infrastructure for collective and experimental knowledge production. The technique of ‘prototyping’ was then deployed for a design experiment to: first, slow down, or suspend, existing power relations of co-evolving technologies and methodologies and, second, to accelerate, or expand, new possibilities and configurations for democratisation. Education prototyping is then introduced, with the intent to co-produce pluralistic spaces that expose challenges and test possibilities. Key aspects include the following: (i) prototyping dynamics: problematization and prefiguration; and, (ii) prototyping practices: spanning the temporal, methodological, relational, material, and spatial. These aspects were tested in the context of a research project exploring automated essay scoring in Australian schools. While always situated and partial, we argue that prototyping offers a unique device to interrupt and experiment with the politics of collaboratively researching increasingly networked and commercialised technologies across education and society.

The status of virtual simulation experiments in medical education in China: based on the national virtual simulation experiment teaching Center (iLAB-X)

ABSTRACT Background Virtual simulation experiments have been rapidly applied to medical education curricula in recent years. China constructed a national virtual simulation experimental teaching center (iLAB-X), and this platform covered almost all of the virtual simulation experiment curricula of domestic colleges or universities. We aimed to comprehensively assess the characteristics and usages of virtual simulation experiments in medical education based on iLAB-X. Methods A total of 480 virtual simulation experiment courses had been constructed on iLAB-X (https://www.ilab-x.com/) by December 20, 2022, and the curriculum level, type and design were all searched in this platform. We also conducted an evaluation of curriculum usage and online tests, including the page view, frequency of participation, number of participants, duration of experimental learning and passing rate of the experimental test. Results The national and provincial high-quality virtual simulation experiment curricula accounted for 33.5% (161/480) and 35.8% (172/480), respectively. The curricula were mainly set as basic practice experiments (46.5%) and synthetic designing experiments (48.8%). Significantly, forensic medicine (100%), public health and preventive medicine (83%) and basic medical sciences (66%) focused on synthetic design experiments. In terms of usage experiments, the average duration of experimental learning was 25 minutes per course, and the average number of participants was just 1257. The average passing (score ≥60) rate of online tests was 80.6%, but the average rate of score ≥ 85 was only 58.5%. In particular, the average page views, the number of participants, the duration of learning and the test passing rate of clinical medicine were relatively low. Conclusions The curriculum design features, construction level and utilization rate varied in different medical majors. Virtual simulation experiments are particularly underutilized in clinical medicine. There is a long way for virtual simulation experiments to go to become a supplement or alternative for traditional medical education in the future.

Penerapan Media Pembelajaran Daring Terhadap Minat Belajar Mahasiswa

This study is entitled The Application of Online Learning Media to Students' Learning Interests during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The purpose of this study was to determine the Application of Online Learning Media to Student Learning Interests during the Covid-19 Pandemic Period of Economic Education Study Program, Indraprasta University, PGRI. The method to be used is a Completely Randomized Design experiment that does not use control and comparative classes. Researchers will use two classes, class A as experimental class 1 with zoom learning media and class B as experiment class 2 with Google Classroom learning media, from the two methods used by researchers will see and compare student learning outcomes and how student interest in learning with both media the learning. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there is an influence of zoom learning media on student learning interest. There is an effect of GC learning media on student interest in learning. There is no difference in interest in learning through zoom and GC learning media.

Calibration of Small-Grain Seed Parameters Based on a BP Neural Network: A Case Study with Red Clover Seeds

In order to enhance the accuracy of discrete element numerical simulations in the processing of small-seed particles, it is essential to calibrate the parameters of seeds within the discrete element software. This study employs a series of physical tests to obtain the physical and contact parameters of red clover seeds. A discrete element model of red clover seeds is established. Plackett–Burman Design, steepest ascent, and Central Composite Design experiments are sequentially conducted. The simulation deviation of the resting angle of red clover seeds is employed as the evaluation criterion for parameter optimization. The results indicate that the coefficients of static friction between red clover seeds, the coefficients of rolling friction between red clover seeds, and the coefficients of static friction between red clover seeds and the steel plates significantly influence the resting angle. Modeling was performed using a backpropagation neural network, a genetic algorithm–optimized BP network, particle swarm optimization, and simulated annealing. It was found that GA-BP ensured both accuracy and stability. Compared to the traditional response surface methodology, GA-BP showed better fitting performance. For the optimized red clover seed simulation, the error between the angle of repose and the physical experiment was 0.98%. This research provides new insights into the calibration of small-grain seed parameters, demonstrating the value of GA-BP for precision modeling.

Knowledge‐guided digital twin modeling method of generating hierarchical scenes for a high‐speed railway

AbstractChina's railway construction is rapidly transitioning toward integrated management of “stakeholders, management elements, and management processes”. Therefore, comprehensive and whole‐process digital twin scene modeling is urgently needed for intelligent railway construction. However, the requirements of three‐dimensional scenes in different stages vary hierarchically, resulting in a lack of construction semantics and limited universality in modeling. This article proposes a knowledge‐guided digital twin modeling method of hierarchical scenes for a high‐speed railway. We first build a knowledge graph of “knowledge‐model‐data” to achieve an accurate and hierarchical description of railway scenes. We then establish a parameter‐driven modeling method that integrates knowledge guidance and primitive combination to generate a display scene and a virtual design scene automatically. Third, we propose joint linkage and model growth methods for construction action modeling, which are used to generate a virtual construction scene. Finally, in response to the hierarchical scene‐generating requirements in different stages, we conduct intelligent modeling experiments for the entire design and construction process. The knowledge graph of the hierarchical semantic description mode significantly improves the flexibility and universality of the modeling method. The proposed modeling method for the entire process contributes to the rapid representation of design data, in‐depth design, visual exploration, and dynamic optimization of the construction process. This article provides a reliable digital twin modeling solution for the entire process to improve design and construction quality.

Bioecology of Saline Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at Different Stocking Densities in Polyculture Ponds Petta Barat, Sangihe Island Distric

Saline Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultivation in Petta Barat using extensive and monoculture cultivation techniques that low productivity and profits. To increase productivity is to cultivate in polyculture with other organisms that have high economic value, one of which is polyculture with milkfish (Chanos Chanos) using optimal stocking densities. This study aims to determine differences in stocking density on the growth of tilapia (O. niloticus) and to analyze the range of water quality values at the cultivation location. The research method Random Design Experiments with complete (RAL) used monoculture and polyculture systems. The research results obtained were different stocking densities and monoculture and polyculture cultivation systems had no significant effect on the average length, average weight, absolute length, absolute weight, and specific growth rate of saline tilapia. Meanwhile, based on water quality analysis including temperature, DO (Dissolved oxygen), TDS (Total Dissolved Solid), pH, nitrate, nitrite and ammonia are still by the standards and are still optimal for the growth of tilapia. This study concludes that at different stockings with both polyculture and monoculture systems, it does not affect the growth of tilapia so the recommendation is cultivation using a polyculture system with maximum densities.

UTILIZATION OF PROCESS DATA IN CHINA: EXPLORING STUDENTS’ PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGIES IN COMPUTER-BASED SCIENCE ASSESSMENT FEATURING INTERACTIVE TASKS

Students’ problem-solving strategies and the differences among strategy groups were explored by analyzing the process data collected during student interactions with computer-based science items. Data were gathered from 1516 eleventh-grade students from 4 schools in China. Analyses of the sequences of students’ response actions revealed that the students were divided into four strategy groups when designing experiments to solve scientific problems: the scientific and rigorous strategy (18.5%), scientific and less rigorous strategy (25.4%), incomplete strategy (31.5%), and chaotic strategy (24.6%). The heatmaps of response actions for each strategy and the frequencies of the most representative response sequences were further explored to understand the students’ detailed trajectories. The results showed that successful problem solvers were generally inclined to explore all possibilities of experimental combinations and design experiments scientifically and rigorously based on the relevant scientific principles. Moreover, the timestamps of response actions were explored to show that the students who adopted the scientific and rigorous strategy spent more time seeking solutions, suggesting that students may need sufficient time to solve complex and authentic scientific problems. The findings enrich the literature on using process data to address theoretical issues in educational assessment and provide students with individualized instructional needs for teachers to improve students’ scientific problem-solving competency. Keywords: process data, scientific problem-solving, computer-based assessment, China

“Everybody’s searching their roots”: centering Black nature-cultures of belonging in non-compulsory computer science education

ABSTRACT Background & context Inspired by the nature-cultures of belonging from Black hair care, we conducted a design experiment to bridge computer science (CS) education, urban gardening, and cosmetology in a culturally responsive computing (CRC) library program. Objective The design was oriented around a small-scale aquaponics system to grow mint and lavender for making natural cosmetic products. We hypothesized that this could inform the design and implementation of computational thinking and computer programming educational activities. Methods We analyzed qualitative and quantitative data from the design experiment to theorize the processes of using the aquaponics system to enroll Black nature-cultures of belonging in the CRC program. Findings Given that the program supported children’s self-confidence in and knowledge of CS, nature-culture inspired CS education appears feasible. Implications Through respectful engagement with the discourses and practices of Black hair care, we provide insight into how nature-cultures can contribute to more diverse, inclusive, and pluralistic forms of CS education.

Hydrolysis Optimization of By-Products from the Potato Processing Industry and Biomethane Production from Starch Hydrolysates

This study aims to investigate the use of Fenton reagents for the efficient hydrolysis of starch, an industrial by-product obtained from the potato processing industry. A full factorial design experiment (FFD) was conducted and a statistical model was developed for simulating the hydrolysis process. The most important factors were the hydrolysis temperature and the amount of H2O2 followed by the interaction of FeSO4·7H2O and temperature. At maximum levels of FeSO4·7H2O (1.00g/L), H2O2 (0.51 g/L), and temperature (70.0 °C), a 99.5% hydrolysis yield was achieved, with a carbohydrate content of 28.65 g/L. Furthermore, analysis of hydrolysis kinetics demonstrated that an increased concentration of FeSO4·7H2O results in a decelerated rate of starch hydrolysis. Moreover, biodegradability tests were carried out to estimate the methane production potential from the produced hydrolysates. The specific methanogenic activity (SMA) was reached at 0.669 ± 0.014 g CH4-COD g−1 VSS day−1 proving the effectiveness of the hydrolysis process and highlighting the potential of industrial starch for bioenergy production. A preliminary cost analysis showed that a small investment for utilizing the starch in an existing wastewater treatment facility of a potato processing company becomes profitable before the end of the 3rd year, obtaining a net present value (NPV) 37.5% higher than that of the current utilization scenario.

Effect of different energy, protein levels and their interaction on productive performance, egg quality, digestibility coefficient of laying Japanese quails

For the evaluation of the effects of various quantities of crude protein (CP) and metabolizable energy (ME) (kcal/kg diet) in Japanese quail lay chicken meals on performance, digestion coefficients, and nutritional value. An experiment was undertaken in the summer season; 216 eight-wk-old Japanese quail laying hens were allocated at random to 1 of 9 groups in a factorial design (3×3) experiment involving 3 levels of CP (18, 20, and 22%) plus 3 levels of ME (2,800, 2,900, or 3,000 kcal/kg ME diet). The testing period lasted from 8 to 20 wk. The findings demonstrated that the relationship between protein and energy levels significantly impacted all productive outcomes except the feed conversion ratio (P < 0.01). Throughout the overall period 8 to 20 wk of age, the greatest measurements of egg weight (11.9 g) and egg mass (8.33 g) occurred in hens fed 20% CP with 2,900 kcal/kg diet, yet the lowest values of egg weight (11.2 g) and egg mass (6.72 g) were noticed in hens fed 22% CP with 2,900 kcal/kg diet. The data showed that the combination of dietary energy and protein levels had a substantial (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) effect on all egg quality trials evaluated. The results indicated that the interaction between dietary energy and protein concentrations substantially impacted DM and EE digestion ratios (P < 0.01). Finally, when feeding layer Japanese quail between the ages of 8 and 20 wk during the summer, a dietary energy content of 2,900 kcal ME/kg with 20% CP is recommended.

Reservoir Production Management With Bayesian Optimization: Achieving Robust Results in a Fraction of the Time

Summary In well control (production) optimization, the computational cost of conducting a full-physics flow simulation on a 3D, rich grid-based model poses a significant challenge. This challenge is exacerbated in a robust optimization (RO) setting, where flow simulation must be repeated for numerous geological realizations, rendering RO impractical for many field-scale cases. In this paper, we introduce and discuss a new optimization workflow that addresses this issue by providing computational efficiency, i.e., achieving a near-global optimum of the predefined objective function with minimal forward model (flow-simulation) evaluations. In this workflow, referred to as “Bayesian optimization (BO),” the objective function for samples of decision (control) variables is first computed using a proper design experiment. Then, given the samples, a Gaussian process regression (GPR) is trained to mimic the surface of the objective function as a surrogate model. While balancing the dilemma to select the next control variable between high mean, low uncertainty (exploitation) and low mean, high uncertainty (exploration), a new control variable is selected, and flow simulation is run for this new point. Later, the GPR is updated, given the output of the flow simulation. This process continues sequentially until the termination criteria are satisfied. To validate the workflow and obtain a better insight into the detailed steps, we first optimized a 1D problem. The workflow is then implemented for a 3D synthetic reservoir model to perform RO in a realistic field scenario (8-dimensional and 45-dimensional optimization problems). The workflow is compared with two other commonly used gradient-free algorithms in the literature: particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA). The main contributions are (1) developing a new optimization workflow to address the computational cost of flow simulation in RO, (2) demonstrating the effectiveness of the workflow on a 3D grid-based model, (3) investigating the robustness of the workflow against randomness in initiation samples and discussing the results, and (4) comparing the workflow with other optimization algorithms, showing that it achieves same near-optimal results while requiring only a fraction of the computational time.

“Frankly, My Dear, I Just Might Give a damn:” An Experiment Investigating Preexisting Beliefs and Reasons to Watch Romantic Comedies on Reports of Beliefs, Mood, and Enjoyment

ABSTRACT This multiple message, pretest-posttest control group design experiment investigated whether different motivations to view romantic comedies and preexisting romantic beliefs (e.g. love conquers all, soulmate) influenced mood, enjoyment, and romantic beliefs. Results of 358 undergraduate participants demonstrate that romantic beliefs prior to viewing predicted reduced beliefs after viewing a challenge film, and greater enjoyment after viewing an ideal film. Watching in order to learn or be entertained led to stronger romantic beliefs in the ideal condition, whereas watching for entertainment led to more enjoyment and a more positive mood than did watching for other reasons, regardless of the content. Sheer viewing led to stronger romantic beliefs in the ideal condition.

What Sets Proficient and Expert Users Apart? Results of a Computer-Aided Design Experiment

AbstractAs computer-aided design (CAD) tools have become an essential aspect of modern mechanical engineering design, the demand for CAD experts has increased significantly. The development from novice, to proficient, to expert user is of particular interest to the industrial and academic design communities. Yet little is known about the development of modeling choices, strategies, and patterns that characterize expert CAD skills; much of the past work that reports user action data is based on student or novice data. We compared the CAD modeling process across nine proficient and ten expert designers as they were tested to complete the same design task. Under identical conditions—the same time constraints in the same CAD platform and with the same task—the expert users were able to complete a larger proportion of the task with higher dimensional accuracy. While the experts were able to dissect and retrieve geometries from manufacturing drawings more efficiently than proficient users, they were also able to plan a modeling strategy that required less effort and revisions. With our experimental findings, we identify the demand for procedural knowledge-building for young engineers, with the ultimate goal of more effectively developing experts in engineering design with CAD.

Design and experiment of a centrifugal filling and cleaning high-speed precision seed metering device for maize

In this paper, a centrifugal filling and cleaning high-speed precision seed metering device for maize is designed based on the principle of centrifugal force generated by high-speed circular motion of seeds. Through theoretical analysis and calculation, the seeding tray and front shell of the seed metering device are designed so that the seeds can use centrifugal force for filling, cleaning, releasing, and returning. The seed metering device has a simple structure and can perform high-speed and precise seeding. A response surface experiment of central composite design was conducted with feeding and seeding speeds as experimental factors, and the omission rate, repeated rate, and pass rate as performance evaluation indexes. Through response surface experiment optimization, it was deduced that the highest seeding performance was achieved when the feeding and seeding speeds were 18.72 seeds/s and 15.12 km/h, respectively. Under these conditions, the omission, repeated, and pass rates were 2.21, 5.21, and 92.58%, respectively. The results of response surface experiment showed that, when the seeding speed of the centrifugal filling and cleaning high-speed precision seed metering device for maize is in the range of 10–20 km/h, the pass rate can be greater than 90%. In addition, the speed curve of feeding and seeding fitted from the bench experiment results is effective and reliable, which allows the seed metering device to achieve a precision seeding in a speed range of 10–20 km/h. The power of the air-suction seed metering device is 470.24 W when seeding at a speed of 14 km/h. Moreover, the power of the centrifugal filling and cleaning high-speed precision seed metering device is only 10.94 W when seeding at a speed of 20 km/h, and the energy consumption during seeding is much lower than that of the air-suction seed metering device, which performs cleaner production.

The Effect of Application Various Doses of Cow Manure and NPK (16:16:16) on Soil Properties and The Growth of Red Lettuce (Lactuca sativa Var. Acephala)

Red lettuce is one of the horticultural crops that has many benefits and can increase the economic income of farming families. Cultivation of red lettuce plants requires proper maintenance and fertilization to increase the yield of red lettuce plants. To complement nutrients, the addition of organic and NPK fertilizers is required. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of cow manure and NPK fertilizers 16:16:16 on soil properties and the growth of red lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa Var. Acephala). The method used in this research is an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) experiment consisting of two factors, namely factor I is cow manure (K) and factor II is Pearl NPK fertilizer (16:16:16) (P). Each treatment was repeated 3 times so that a total of 27 experimental polybags were obtained. The treatment with cow manure 10 tons/ha has the best value of C-organic (3.55%) and porosity (56.76%). The highest weight of wet stems of red lettuce plants was obtained in the treatment of 300 kg/ha NPK fertilizer and 10 tons/ha cow manure at 35.14 grams.

Biomechanical investigation of tasks concerning manual materials handling using response surface methodology

In typical manual material handling, the variations in walking pattern are decided by various factors, such as load being handled, frequency of handling, walking surface, etc. Traditional gait analysis protocols commonly evaluate individual factor within specified ranges associated with particular activities or pathologies. However, existing literature underscores the concurrent impact of multiple factors on gait. This study identifies five pivotal factors—walking speed, surface slope, load carried, carrying method, and footwear—as contributors to gait alterations. To address risk factors in manual material handling activities, we propose a unique design-of-experiment-based approach for multi-task gait analysis. Unraveling the relationship between manual handling attributes and human gait holds paramount importance in formulating effective intervention strategies. We optimized the five input factors across a cohort of 15 healthy male participants by employing a face-centered central composite design experimentation. A total of 29 input factor combinations were tested, yielding a comprehensive dataset encompassing 18 kinematic gait parameters (such as cadence, step length etc., measured using inertial measurement system), the isolated impacts of factors, and the interplay of two-factor interactions with corresponding responses. The results illuminate the optimal scenarios of input factors that enhance individual gait performance—these include wearing appropriate footwear, employing a backpack for load carriage, and maintaining a moderate walking pace on a medium slope with minimal load. The study identifies walking speed and load magnitude as primary influencers of gait mechanics, followed by the chosen carrying method. In consequence, the insights gained advocate for the refinement of manual material handling tasks based on the outcomes, effectively mitigating the risk of musculoskeletal disorders by suggesting the interventions for posture correction.

Application of Student Worksheets Based on Ethnoscience of Tempe Making on Biotechnology Material to Improve Science Process Skills

The writing of this study aims to describe the improvement of students' science process skills, and the implementation of student worksheets. This research is a Pre-Experimental Design study using the One Group Pretest Posttest Design experiment. The target of this research was students of class IX A and IX B at UPT SMP Negeri 14 Gresik. The results showed that the results of the analysis of the pretest and posttest scores for class IX A experienced an increase in science process skills with an N-Gain of 0.89 with high criteria and in class IX B of 0.83 with high criteria. Based on the results of the implementation of ethnoscience-based student worksheets in class IX A it reached 3.7 in the very good category, while class IX B achieved 3.5 in the very good category.Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the application of ethnoscience-based student worksheets can improve the science process skills of UPT SMP Negeri 14 Gresik students

Design and Cyclic Experiments of a Mass Timber Frame with a Timber Buckling Restrained Brace

Design and Cyclic Experiments of a Mass Timber Frame with a Timber Buckling Restrained Brace

Designing Tomorrow: AI and the Future of Architectural Design Process

This essay explores the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the field of architecture, focusing on the impact on design innovation, production processes, as well as the ethical implications arising from inherent biases within these technologies. As AI becomes increasingly integrated into architectural practices, it offers the potential to revolutionize the discipline by enhancing efficiency, creativity, and sustainability. This investigation delves into the history and evolution of AI in architecture, tracing their journey from early computational design experiments to their current applications in generative design and robotic construction, which exemplify the shift towards more innovative and sustainable architectural practices. Furthermore, the essay highlights the involvement of the INNEN research team in integrating AI into academic and research activities within and besides the curriculum. It delves into the ways in which AI technologies are reshaping the boundaries of architectural design and construction, emphasizing on practical applications of AI in architectural design in education and professional work. This analysis uncovers the profound possibilities of AI in formulating groundbreaking design approaches and construction methods, underscoring research's role in propelling architectural thinking and practice forward through the use of technology.