Experimental Study Design Research Articles

The effectiveness of psychologically-informed physiotherapy for people with neck pain and the mediating role of illness perceptions: a replicated single-case experimental design study

Purpose (1) To evaluate the effectiveness of personalised psychologically-informed physiotherapy in people with neck pain; (2) To explore the mediating role of changes in illness perceptions. Method In this replicated single-case study, 14 patients with non-specific neck pain at risk for chronicity received a personalised intervention addressing unhelpful illness perceptions and dysfunctional movement behaviour, according to principles of cognitive functional therapy. Outcomes included the mediating role of illness perceptions on overall effect, function, pain intensity and self-efficacy. Linear mixed models were used to analyse the data. Results Repeated measurements (14-20 per patient), including a 3-months follow-up, showed a gradual improvement during and/or after psychologically-informed physiotherapy for overall effect, function, pain and to a lesser extent self-efficacy. Changes in each of the illness perception dimensions showed a mediation effect on overall effect, function and pain. When combining the dimensions “consequences,” “personal control,” “identity,” “concern” and “emotional response,” changes in illness perceptions explained approximately 35% of the improvement in overall effect. Conclusion Addressing unhelpful illness perceptions appears valuable in the management of patients with chronic or recurrent non-specific neck pain. Intervention effects extended beyond the treatment period, indicating that patients’ improved understanding of their health condition continued to have a positive impact.

Experimental Infection of Egyptian Rousette Bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) with Marburg Virus.

In this chapter, we detail the procedures used in experimental infection studies of Egyptian rousette bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) with Marburg virus. We start by reviewing study planning and preparation considerations, personal protective equipment use, and then describe general procedures used in all experimental Egyptian rousette bat-Marburg virus infection study designs. We end by describing procedures specific to serial sampling and serial sacrifice studies.

The effect of corrective exercises with massage on balance, motor performance, gait, and quality of life in elderly males with hyperkyphosis: Randomized control trials.

This study aimed to examine the effect of corrective exercises with massage on balance, motion performance, gait, and quality of life among elderly individuals with hyperkyphosis. Thirty elderly people were selected for this experimental study design, The training protocols were conducted for eight weeks, with three sessions each week. The thoracic kyphosis was measured by a flexible ruler. Dynamic balance was evaluated using the TUG test. The gait analysis was conducted using Kinovia software. The results showed that mixed corrective exercises and massage significantly affected the kyphosis angle variable (P ≤ 0.05) and reduced the kyphosis angle. Additionally, it improved static and dynamic balance, performance, Gait, and quality of life in the experimental group compared to the control group (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: The most obvious finding to emerge from this study is that the corrective exercises with massage improve walking speed, functional ability, and quality of life among older adults.

Effectiveness of Educational Intervention Regarding Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Among Undergraduate Students of Tanahu

Background: PCOS is a complex endocrine disorder characterized by hormonal imbalances, reproductive irregularities, and metabolic disturbances. The overall objective was to find out effectiveness of the educational intervention on knowledge on polycystic ovarian syndrome among undergraduate students. Methods: This true experimental study design was carried out in a selected campus of Tanahun district. The study population was undergraduate students who were 18 years and above. A systematic random sampling technique was adopted to select the sample. Data was collected by a pre-tested self-administered questionnaire before educational intervention. The questionnaire was developed by the researcher herself/himself through consulting subject experts and searching literature. The educational intervention package was developed. After three weeks of intervention, a posttest was conducted. The data was entered on SPSS 21.0 version and the result was analyzed by using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Results: The knowledge levels of respondents before and after the intervention, along with a control group show that in the pre-intervention phase, a substantial majority of students (96.6%) had an unsatisfactory knowledge level, while only 3.4% fell into the satisfactory category. Following the intervention, with 100% of students achieving a satisfactory knowledge level. In the control group there is a maintained high percentage of unsatisfactory knowledge pre-intervention (98.3%), with a marginal decrease to 96.6% post-intervention. In a study the intervention group showed a significant increase in knowledge with a median pretest score of 3 rising to 28 posttest. Their change score of 25 was highly significant (p=0.00). The control group had a smaller increase from a pretest score of 0 to 2 posttest, with a change score of 2 and a significant p value indicating the intervention’s effectiveness. Conclusion: The positive outcomes observed in this study underscore the importance of an educational initiative in the broader context of health education for young adults.

Rehabilitation technology in assessment and treatment of arm and hand function in myotonic dystrophy type 1: A single subject experimental design study

Background: Myotonic Dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a slowly progressive hereditary neuromuscular disorder affecting several organ systems including the musculoskeletal system. Objective: To examine the effects of rehabilitation technology on arm and hand function in the assessment and treatment of adults with DM1 with moderate to severe muscle impairment. Methods: A single subject experimental design study (SSED) with 6 participants. The assessments were done weekly through remote study assessments using the video-conference system Whereby®. Participants performed the nine-hole peg test (NHPT), active range of motion (AROM) of the shoulder and patient reported outcome measures (PROMS). Three participants also measured grip and pinch strength and performed the Nut and Bolt task. The intervention was a three-week in-patient rehabilitation stay with the use of rehabilitation technology for exercising arm and hand function. Exercises were performed in AMADEO and the ArmeoSenso. The participants exercised the upper extremities for 30 min 5 times a week. Results: Improvement on the NHPT test on the dominant hand were found for five of the six participants. Three of six improved on the non-dominant hand and in AROM. Two of the three participants that measured pinch and grip strength improved, and all three improved on the Nut and Bolt task. Self- reported function, myotonia and fatigue remained stable. All participants were able to participate in video assessments. Conclusions: Impairment in arm- and hand function affects independence in people with DM1.Our findings suggest that exercising arm- and hand using rehabilitation technology may have a positive effect on function measured by dexterity, strength, and movement in DM1. There is a need to study the effect of exercise on arm- and hand function in DM1 in larger studies. The use of video-consultations can be a supplement in assessment of people with neuromuscular conditions in research and clinical practise.

Brown rice-based diet substitution to improve gut microbiota profile, short chain fatty acid levels, and metabolic markers of type 2 diabetes patients

Gut microbiota plays a significant role in controlling type 2 diabetes (T2D). Brown rice (BR) has higher fiber and magnesium contents, and also a lower glycemic index than white rice (WR), thus might be potentially able to improve gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), and metabolic markers. This study aimed to compare gut microbiota profile, SCFA level, and changes in anthropometric and laboratory metabolic markers of T2D patients given 12 weeks of BR and WR-based diet. This experimental pre-post test design study enrolled 17 female-diabetic patients with oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD) using purposive sampling methods. Subjects were given a BR-based diet for 12 weeks, followed by washing-out for 2 weeks, and a WR-based diet for 12 weeks. Gut microbiota profiles and SCFA were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and gas chromatography (GC). After BR intervention, subjects had a higher relative abundance of Firmicutes, lower Bacteroidetes, higher Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio, and higher levels of butyrate compared to WR. Moreover, BR significantly improved anthropometric and laboratory metabolic markers and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index (p<0.05). T2D patients given a BR-based diet for 12 weeks had better gut microbiota profiles, butyrate levels, anthropometric and laboratory metabolic markers, and insulin resistance.

Extraction of chontaduro oil (Bactris gasipaes) for the synthesis of isopropyl esters through transesterification reactions assisted by ultrasound using green solvents

An experimental design study, using the Box-Behnken method with response surface methodologies (RSM), was conducted to evaluate the extraction process of chontaduro pulp (Bactris gasipaes) oil and its potential application in obtaining isopropyl esters through a transesterification process. The extraction of chontaduro oil and the transesterification reactions of the fatty esters were assisted by ultrasound techniques using n-hexane and isopropanol as environmentally friendly solvents. During the extraction process, the parameters evaluated were the sample to solvent ratio (w/w), power amplitude (%), and ultrasound pulse times (s). For the transesterification process, the parameters evaluated were ultrasound amplitude, ultrasound pulse time, and the amount of isopropanol (mol). The optimal conditions for the extraction process were found to be a sample to n-hexane ratio of 1:10 (w/w) and an ultrasound amplitude of 30%, with the pulse time not significantly affecting the oil yield of 15.02% achieved in a total time of 30 min. The predominant fatty acids in chontaduro oil were C18:1 cis oleic acid (54.31%) and C16:0 palmitic acid (20.40%). To synthesize isopropyl esters, we found that the ideal conditions are an ultrasound amplitude of 50%, an ultrasound pulse time of 20 s, and 0.4 moles of isopropanol. These conditions resulted in complete conversion within 45 min. The use of ultrasound radiation proved to be an alternative method to conventional techniques, reducing extraction and transesterification times, minimizing energy consumption, and increasing percentage yield. This contributes to green chemistry and the production of value-added products, potentially useful in the cosmetics industry.

Formulation And Stability Of Gel Toothpaste With Sungkai Leaf (Peronema Canescens Jack) Extract And Na-Cmc Gelling Agent

The Sungkai leaf (Peronema canescens Jack), which is rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and phenolics, has long been used as a natural immune booster, particularly during the pandemic. With increasing concerns over the health risks of fluoride, such as dental fluorosis and systemic toxicity, the demand for natural alternatives in oral care has risen. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the physical stability of a gel toothpaste containing Sungkai leaf extract by examining the effects of varying concentrations of Na-CMC (Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose) as a gelling agent. Using an experimental one-shot case study design, the physical stability of different concentrations of NaCMC (3%, 4%, 5%, and 6%) was assessed. Stability testing was performed on 5 sample formulations per concentration. The tests included organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, foam height, and viscosity over four weeks. The results showed that all formulations met the Indonesian National Standard (SNI No.12-3524-1995), with semi-solid consistency, distinctive Sungkai odor, and slightly bitter taste. The average pH ranged from 6.42 to 6.84, the foam heights were stable, and the viscosity increased with higher Na-CMC concentrations, confirming the stability of the formulation. These findings suggest that natural Sungkai leaf-based toothpaste could provide a promising alternative to traditional fluoride-based products, particularly in markets concerned about chemical ingredients in oral care products.

Assessing the Currency Market Integration in the SADC Region amid Global Economic Crises

This study examines the real effective exchange rate (REER) market integration among the selected Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries before, during, and after the 2008-2009 Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and the COVID-19 crisis using daily REER data from January 2002 to January 2024. Using an experimental quantitative study design and employing the Johansen cointegration, vector error correction models(VECMs) and the impulse response functions, findings indicate that the currency markets in the SADC region became less integrated during both the GFC and COVID-19 crises, as indicated by less cointegration vectors in the crises relative to pre-GFC and pre-COVID 19 periods. Findings seem to indicate that the COVID-19 shocks were relatively more intense than the GFC shocks. We recommend that the SADC region should incorporate leading indicators and crisis signalling properties in the currency markets, including but not limited to the Baltic Dry Index (BDI), as part of the strategies to hedge against future global crises.

A Review on the Antidiabetic Potential of Saffron in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Research Methodologies

This study is a review of the antidiabetic potential of the Saffron plant in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes and research methodologies. The experimental design of this project study aimed to obtain crocin from the saffron plant. Crocin is considered a potential natural drug agent thanks to its high antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. However, in order to obtain the highest yield of crocin in obtaining this natural agent, it is very important to ensure optimization by selecting the right extraction techniques, phenolic content, antioxidant and antidiabetic analyses. In this project, it was aimed to apply extraction techniques under appropriate conditions to obtain crocin from the Crocus sativus plant, also known as saffron. In addition, an experimental design was created to apply HPLC to obtain high purity of crocin, TPC analysis to determine total phenolic content, ORAC and DPPH analyses to determine antioxidant capacity, and α-Amylase Inhibition Test and α-Glucosidase Inhibition Test techniques to determine antidiabetic potential. Once the desired results are achieved, experimental studies will be initiated to develop crocin into a natural market drug.

Chatbots in complaint handling: the moderating role of humor

Purpose Artificial intelligence (AI) powered chatbot technology is increasingly used to handle customer complaints in the service recovery process. Built on the justice theory, this paper aims to explore the optimal way to utilize chatbots in handling customer complaints for service failure recovery and the moderating role of humor. Design/methodology/approach Two scenario-based between-subjects experimental design studies were conducted to examine the two aspects of justice in service failure recovery: Study 1 focuses on procedural justice manifested as perceived control and Study 2 on interactional justice assessed as social presence. Furthermore, the moderating role of humor is investigated. Findings The results indicate that both perceived control and social presence can improve chatbots’ effectiveness in handling service failures to regain customer satisfaction and the consequent revisit intention. However, humor shows opposite effects in the two studies: chatbots using humorous language in complaint handling may attenuate the positive effect of perceived control but enhance the positive effect of social presence. Practical implications The findings provide practical guidelines to the service industry regarding the optimal service design and technology deployment in customer service, particularly for an effective service failure recovery process. Originality/value This research contributes to the service failure recovery literature by investigating how the new service technology of AI-powered chatbots can effectively handle customer complaints for service failure recovery. Furthermore, the research reveals the nuanced effects of humor in different complaint-handling situations.

Evaluation of a Parenting Program for Mothers With a Borderline Personality Disorder: A Multiple Baseline Single-Case Experimental Design Study.

Parents with borderline personality disorder (BPD) experience deficiencies in parenting skills leading to increased family burden, stress, mental health problems in children and even family violence. The present study evaluated a Dutch version of the parenting training based on Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) for mothers with BPD. A multiple baseline single-case experimental design study was conducted with standardized and idiosyncratic assessments of parenting behavior and parental stress before, biweekly during, and after training. Participants (N = 10) were mothers with a BPD diagnosis with a child under the age of 6. Four participants discontinued the training. Among six training completers, clinically reliable improvements in parenting skills were most pronounced for inconsistent discipline, involvement, positive parenting and corporal punishment. Frequent, idiosyncratic assessments showed that for six mothers training had a positive effect on parenting skills, while for five mothers this effect was large. Overall, less improvement was found for parenting stress. DBT parenting training seems to have clinical value for mothers with BPD struggling with raising their children. Most prominent improvement was found in relation to mothers disciplining their child in a more consistent manner. The complexity and heterogeneity of mothers with BPD requires a more idiosyncratic, patient-centered approach. This study was registered (retrospectively) in ISRCTN (ID ISRCTN74447767). https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN74447767, March 2022.

Respiratory quaternary ammonium and volatile organic compound exposures experienced by home care aides during residential bathroom cleaning using conventional and green products.

US home care (HC) aide visits to clients' homes typically involve cleaning and disinfecting (C&D) environmental surfaces, particularly in bathrooms. Some ingredients in C&D products are associated with respiratory illness: sodium hypochlorite (bleach), quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This study assessed and compared aides' respiratory exposures to specific VOCs and QACs while using 2 conventional and 1 "green" household C&D spray products during bathroom cleaning. Measured exposures were compared to ingredients listed on publicly available sources. Three C&D products were selected with principal active disinfecting ingredients: 1% to 5% sodium hypochlorite by weight ("bleach-based"); 0.1% to 1% QACs ("QACs-based"); and 0.05% thymol ("green"). Twenty-two aides were recruited to perform C&D tasks in a simulated residential bathroom constructed in an environmental monitoring laboratory. A balanced experimental study design involved each aide visiting the lab 4 times to perform typical cleaning tasks with the 3 products and distilled water (as a control), randomly assigned across the 4 visits. Aides wore air sampling equipment for breathing zone samples: canisters to collect whole air for VOC analyses and filter cassettes for QACs analyses. Aides performed 84 cleaning visits contributing approximately 20 air samples each for VOCs and QACs, for each of the 3 products and distilled water. In total, 38 unique VOCs were identified in the canister whole air samples: 20 in the QACs-based product samples, 15 in the bleach-based, and 10 in the green. Most VOCs were not listed in publicly available sources of cleaning product ingredients. Toxicity information was limited. Few VOCs had occupational exposure limits. The QACs-based product generated QACs aerosol: benzalkonium chloride (BAC)12 (geometric mean (GM) = 6.98 µg/m3), BAC14 (GM=2.97 µg/m3), BAC16 (GM=0.78 µg/m3); and the 3 QACs summed (GM=10.86 µg/m3). The use of C&D spray products for residential cleaning can generate respiratory exposures to complex mixtures of volatile and nonvolatile compounds. Notably, we measured aerosols containing QACs during the use of the QACs-based product. Dermal is usually considered the main route of exposure because QACs are nonvolatile salts. This study provides evidence that QACs inhalation exposure should be recognized and minimized in addition to the well-accepted dermal exposure routes. The green product generated the fewest VOCs. However, more toxicity information is needed on the health impacts of green C&D products. Spraying of C&D products, conventional and green, should be avoided. Aides' respiratory health should be protected from chemical exposures while performing C&D in home care.

Psychoeducation Using Symbol Modeling Techniques for Enhancing the Subjective Well-Being of Long-Distance Marriage Couples

Long-distance married couples tend to experience anxiety, stress, unhappiness, delayed problem resolution, difficulty finding time together, and feelings of helplessness without their partner. However, previous psycho-educational interventions have not utilized JP-]symbolic modeling techniques and have not specifically focused on long-distance marriages. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of psycho-education using symbolic modeling techniques in enhancing the subjective well-being of long-distance married couples. An experimental matching control study design was used with 16 participants, divided into 8 in the experimental group and 8 in the control group. The subjective well-being scale was used as the instrument for data collection. Data analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon signed Rank Test and the Mann-Whitney U Test. The results of the study show that psycho-education using symbolic modeling techniques is effective in enhancing the subjective well-being of long-distance married couples. Psycho-educational interventions with symbolic modeling can be used to help long-distance married couples achieve wellbeing, making their marriages more meaningful.

The influence of sex and age differences in an adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) T-maze model of cognition.

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) model is increasingly popular in neurobehavioral research, and behavioral outcomes are commonly evaluated in studies on neurodegeneration and neurotoxicity. Sex and age have been identified as important variables in cognition studies; however, these factors are often underreported in published studies that use the zebrafish model, leading to uncertainty about their impact in zebrafish T-maze experiments. In this study, we evaluated the role of sex and age in zebrafish cognitive function using a 5-day T-maze task. Our results demonstrated that female and younger zebrafish had increased learning and memory capacity. These findings highlighted the importance of considering and reporting sex and age in experimental design in zebrafish cognitive neurobehavioral studies.

Evaluating Processing Parameter Effects on Polymer Grades and Plastic Coloring: Insights from Experimental Design and Characterization Studies.

Resolving material and processing issues is essential to improving formulations and attaining accurate color matching in blending. Two transparent polycarbonate resins made up the blend: PC1, which made up 33% of the mixture with a Melt Flow Index (MFI) of 25 g/min, and PC2, which made up 67% of the mixture with an MFI of 65 g/min. This study employed data mining and a well-structured experiment using Design of Experiment (DoE) software-8 to investigate the effects of various processing temperatures on identical material formulations. The primary objective was to understand the influence of the operating conditions on the viscosity of a red letdown pigment made of polycarbonate, both with additive (WA) and without additive (WOA). The study analyzed the effects of processing parameters and rheological properties using a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. Rheology, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were employed to compare results and evaluate their impact on minimizing color discrepancies and improving Single-Pass Color Uniformity.

Reducing Behavioral Problems and Treatment Duration of Adolescents in Secure Residential Care: A Multiple Single-Case Experimental Design Study.

Secure residential care (SRC) is criticized for several reasons. Therefore, in many countries, the general policy is to limit the length of stay of adolescents in SRC. However, research on length of stay and treatment effects of SRC on adolescents' behavioral problems is sparse. Using single case experimental designs with time-series, forty adolescents referred to SRC completed a questionnaire on behavioral and attention problems every two weeks during a baseline (A) and treatment period (B). Two-level regression analyses were used to investigate the effects of SRC on behavioral and attention problems. In addition, we tested whether length of stay moderated effectiveness. On the individual level, the treatment showed a positive statistically significant effect on the behavioral problems of 0%-8% of the adolescents and a statistically significant negative effect on behavioral problems was found in 3%-10% of the adolescents. On the group level, adolescents showed no significant decrease in problem behavior or attention problems from baseline to discharge. Length of stay did not moderate the results. Based on the results we conclude that most adolescents fail to improve. In addition, length of stay was not associated with effectiveness, nor could it be explained by adolescents' characteristics.

Leveraging prior knowledge for process parameter classification in mAb Protein A chromatography.

Protein A (ProA) affinity chromatography plays an essential role in purifying monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and their analogues by reducing impurities like residual host cell proteins (HCPs), residual DNA, process additives, and potential viral contaminants. Decades of mAb process development and commercialization efforts have built extensive prior knowledge in the Protein A process. The prior knowledge facilities streamlined process development and minimized the need for extensive process characterization studies to inform manufacturing control strategies. This manuscript presents a comprehensive prior knowledge package, consolidating process parameter characterization data from ten molecules developed by Eli Lilly and Company using the Protein A chromatography process. Results from multiple Design of Experiment (DOE) studies on these molecules demonstrated that no process parameters significantly impacted critical quality attributes when operated within platform ranges. Additionally, a Bayesian hierarchical model was applied to analyze historical data and predict the effects of process parameters, further confirming that parameter effects were insignificant across the platform ranges for the Protein A process. By leveraging this historical data package, we directly supported the classification of ProA process parameters for new therapeutic antibodies, effectively replacing the need for product-specific process characterization evaluations. This approach has been positively received by global regulatory agencies during the market authorization filings for two Lilly's products.

Sidestream dark field video microscopy demonstrates shelf-stable blood products preserve the endothelial glycocalyx in a canine hemorrhagic shock model.

To utilize sidestream dark field video microscopic technology to evaluate the endothelium in a canine hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation model. 6 purpose-bred adult dogs were anesthetized, instrumented, and subjected to hemorrhagic shock from September 2021 through June 2022. Each dog was resuscitated with 5 resuscitation strategies in an experimental crossover design study: (1) lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) and hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solution; (2) canine chilled whole blood (CWB); (3) canine fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and packed RBCs (pRBC); (4) canine freeze-dried plasma (FDP) and hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (HBOC); or (5) HBOC/FDP and canine lyophilized platelets. Sidestream dark field video microscopic evaluation was performed at 5 time points: commencement, after hemorrhage, after shock, after resuscitation (T135), and conclusion (T180). There was a significant difference between the perfused boundary region (PBR) measurements when comparing the LRS/HES resuscitation arm to the CWB and FFP/pRBC resuscitation arms at T180. A significant difference in PBR was appreciated in the LRS/HES arm at T135 and T180 compared to its baseline. No other significant differences in PBR were appreciated when resuscitation arms were compared longitudinally or to each other. Shelf-stable blood products preserved the endothelial glycocalyx similarly to CWB and pRBC/FFP as evaluated by sidestream dark field video microscopy. Lactated Ringer and HES solutions did not adequately preserve the endothelial glycocalyx compared to CWB and pRBC/FFP. Shelf-stable blood products are a viable option to preserve the endothelial glycocalyx when used during hemorrhagic resuscitation in dogs.

The Effects of a Smartphone App-Supported Nursing Care Program on the Disease Self-Management of Hypertensive Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide. Therefore, it is essential to improve patients' adherence to treatment in order to control their blood pressure. The present study aims to examine the effect of a smartphone application-supported nursing care program provided by a nurse on medication adherence and achievement of normal systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels among patients diagnosed with primary hypertension and registered at the Family Health Center within the context of patients' self-management behaviors. A randomized controlled experimental study design. CONSORT flow chart was used in the study. The study sample consisted of 41 hypertensive patients in the intervention group and 41 hypertensive patients in the control group. The intervention group was supported with a smartphone application named "HiperDostum" based on the health belief model, whereas the control group continued to receive standard healthcare services provided by the Family Health Center, to which they were affiliated. Data were collected using the "Patient Information Form," "Blood Pressure Monitoring Form," and the "Medication Adherence Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form." It was observed that the intervention group participants had higher medication adherence self-efficacy scale scores when compared to the control group participants. Comparing the blood pressure values by group, time, and group*time interaction, it was determined that there were statistically significant differences in systolic blood pressure values by time and group*time interaction. Considering the widespread use of smartphones and smartphone application-supported nursing care can be successfully used to enhance self-management and improve treatment adherence among hypertensive patients in primary healthcare institutions. Registration number: NCT0532140; NAME OF TRIAL REGISTRY: The Effect of Smart Phone Application Supported Nursing Care Program on the Self-Management of Hypertensive Patients.