Experimental Research Approach Research Articles

The effect of ideal body mass index and physical fitness level on dysmenorrhea reduction

Many women experience dysmenorrhea, which affects their daily activities due to physical and psychological symptoms. This study aims to analyze the impact of an ideal body mass index (BMI) and physical fitness level on reducing dysmenorrhea. An experimental research approach with a control group pretest-posttest design was employed. The study involved 92 female students, with a final sample of 80 divided into high and low-fitness groups. Participants were selected through purposive sampling, ensuring they had an ideal BMI, regular menstrual cycles, and experienced dysmenorrhea. Data collection included questionnaires on demographics, BMI, menstrual characteristics, pain intensity, pain quality, and a 2.400 m Cooper physical fitness test. The results revealed that participants with an ideal BMI and high physical fitness showed a significant reduction in dysmenorrhea, with an average decrease of 35,95 and a standard deviation of 4,681. Those with an ideal BMI but low physical fitness also experienced a reduction, with an average decrease of 31,4 and a standard deviation of 1,827. The study concludes that ideal BMI and physical fitness significantly influence the reduction of dysmenorrhea, with a more pronounced effect in those with higher physical fitness levels. Factors such as BMI, diet, and exercise routine are critical in managing dysmenorrhea. Keywords: body mass index, physical fitness, dysmenorrhea, menstrual pain, women’s health

Enhancing Numeracy Skills in Elementary Students through the Traditional Congklak Game: A Study in Kudus

The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of the conventional congklak game in enhancing numeracy abilities among primary school pupils in Kudus. The capacity to enumerate is a fundamental skill in the field of mathematics education, which is sometimes regarded as tedious by young learners. This study employed an experimental research approach and included a sample of 100 students representing diverse social and economic backgrounds. The employed methodologies encompass literature review, documentation, direct observation, and pre-test and post-test assessments to evaluate students' numeracy abilities. In addition, questionnaires and interviews were used to analyse several dimensions like learning motivation, social interaction, and family environmental support. The findings indicated that pupils who were taught utilizing the congklak game shown a notable enhancement in their numeracy abilities in comparison to students who employed traditional approaches, with an average rate of improvement of 28%. Furthermore, the congklak game has been empirically shown to enhance both learning motivation and social interaction among students. The findings of this study validate the need of including conventional games within the primary education curriculum in order to establish a learning environment that is both entertaining and efficient. Therefore, this study provides a substantial contribution to the advancement of novel and efficient learning methodologies. The findings from this study can serve as a valuable resource for policy makers and educators in developing a curriculum that is both engaging and effective in enhancing students' fundamental skills.

The Effectiveness of Using Talking Stick for Teaching Speaking

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of Talking Stick Game in teach pronunciation in Junior High School. In this study, an experimental research approach was utilized, and the participants were students in the 8th grade at SMP N 1 Kemangkon, with a total of sixty-four students participating. The data collection method used is a test, which is divided into two, namely pretest and posttest with a sentences and dialog to pronounce for each test instrument. The data analysis technique used was t-test. The null hypothesis (HO) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (HI) is also rejected. It meant that there was unsignificant difference between the students pronunciation before and after using Talking Stick Game. In brief, Talking Stick Game is not effective ways in teaching pronunciation

Effects of brackish water irrigation with different exogenous salt concentrations on the growth and rhizosphere salinity of Lycium barbarum

To investigate the effects of different typical exogenous salt concentrations on total soil salinity and the growth of Lycium barbarum under brackish water irrigation, and to determine the salinity threshold of irrigated brackish water that is conducive to the normal growth of Lycium barbarum while mitigating soil salinity accumulation. Four typical exogenous salts (NaCl, CaCl2, NaHCO3, Na2SO4) were selected and set at four concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 2.0, 4.0 g L−1) to conduct a field crossover experiments in the downstream region of the Hetao Irrigation District. The results showed that in the same fertility period, the growth rates of new branches, ground diameter, and crown width first increased and then decreased with rising concentrations of NaCl, CaCl2, and Na2SO4, but showed an inverse relationship with NaHCO3 concentrations. Furthermore, increasing salt concentrations linearly reduced the yield of dry fruits from Lycium barbarum and led to a notable accumulation of total soil salts. Utilizing an experimental research approach, a comprehensive analysis of involving multiple growth indices, stable yield, and soil salinity control of Lycium barbarum revealed that optimal growth occurs at salt concentrations of 0.1–0.5 g L−1 for different water quality areas within the irrigation area; using the method of path analysis identified the total soil salt and crown width as the primary direct and indirect factors influencing the yield of Lycium barbarum. The results of this study provide scientific basis and significant theoretical support for the safe and rational utilization of brackish water and cultivation of Lycium barbarum in typical regions with varying saline water qualities of Hetao irrigation area.

The effectiveness of a proposed strategy in light of anchored instruetion learning on achievement among middle school students

The research aims to identify the effectiveness of a proposed strategy in light of Anchored instruetion Learning in achieving achievement among middle school students. To achieve the aim of the research, the two researchers adopted an experimental research approach with two groups (experimental and control) with a post-test, and the null hypothesis was developed: There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who studied according to the proposed strategy and the scores of the control group students who studied according to the normal method in the achievement test. The research sample consisted of (60) fifth-grade science students at Al-Suyuti Preparatory School affiliated with the General Directorate of Education of Baghdad Al-Karkh II. The sample was distributed into two groups: The experimental group consisted of (30) students who studied according to the proposed strategy. 2. The control group consisted of (30) students who studied in the usual way. The two research groups were rewarded on the variables (previous achievement, chronological age, previous knowledge, intelligence, and mathematical culture). After that, an achievement test was constructed, consisting of (30) objective, multiple-choice items. Appropriate statistical analyzes were conducted, and the psychometric properties of the test were verified. The results resulted The students in the experimental group who studied with the proposed strategy outperformed the students in the control group who studied in the usual way. In light of the results, a set of conclusions, recommendations and proposals were reached.

Utilizing Priming Effects to Improve Access to Governmental Financial Reports: An Experimental Study of Non-Expert Users

This research examines if priming can be used to increase non-expert readers’ access to key information in public sector annual comprehensive financial reports (ACFRs). Priming is grounded in the idea that exposure to a given concept activates brain activities, making text related to that concept more accessible to the individual. Using an experimental research approach the results of the experiment offer support for the hypothesis that prior exposure to primes grounded in financial performance concepts improve non-expert audiences’ access to ACFRs. These findings are important because they suggest a path forward for increasing the value of ACFRs as a public sector transparency mechanism.

Valorization of Pumpkin Flour in Cookie Formulations: Effects on Nutritional Composition and Mineral Content

Pumpkin is a highly nutritious food that offers protective benefits against various health conditions, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, constipation, appendicitis, hemorrhoids, and colon cancer. This study aimed to examine the proximate composition of pumpkin-wheat cookies. An experimental research approach was employed to produce pumpkin powder, incorporate it into cookie production, and analyze its nutritional constituents. The results revealed that as the proportion of pumpkin flour in the composite flour increased, there was a corresponding increase in moisture, ash, fat, protein, and fiber content. Additionally, the study demonstrated an increase in mineral content with higher amounts of pumpkin. The iron and manganese levels ranged from 244.1mg/kg to 312.1mg/kg and 74.52mg/kg to 88.17mg/kg, respectively. Calcium and potassium contents also ranged from 0.24% to 0.40% and 0.39% to 0.57%, respectively. The beta-carotene content of the samples varied between 0.18mg/kg to 0.57mg/kg, while the folic acid content ranged from 13.7ug/g to 144.95ug/g.

Pengaruh Pengaturan Processing Digital Radiography Terhadap Kualitas Gambar Pada Pemeriksaan Lumbosacral Posisi Lateral Di Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara Makassar

Optimal health services require supporting examinations in diagnosing a disease. On lumbosacral examination, radiograph quality is often less than optimal. Digital radiography is a new system on x-ray machines that has features for better image processing, one of which is flexible noise control (FNC). This study aims to determine the effect of digital radiography processing settings on image quality on lateral position lumbosacral examination. In this study using a qualitative descriptive method with an experimental or experimental research approach. The results showed that there was an effect of digital radiography processing settings on image quality with the FNC feature. This was shown by using the Image J application, there was a change in the standard deviation value before and after processing with the FNC feature. It is known that the FNC feature suppresses the noise value in the radiograph images.

Towards a GDPR Compliance Assessment Toolkit

The European Union's (EU) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) makes it illegal to collect, process, and store personal data unless it is done in accordance with the prescribed legal and regulatory clauses enshrined in the Act. Organisations face significant challenges in navigating GDPR requirements and assessing their level of compliance. In particular, failure to comply with GDPR may potentially expose the data Controller and Processor to steep legal penalties including possibly administrative fines of up to 20 000 000 EUR, or in the case of an undertaking, up to 4% of the total worldwide annual turnover of the preceding financial year, which is imposed by the Supervisory Authority. This paper presents the results of a minimum viable product, the GDPR Compliance Assessment Toolkit (GCAT). The main objective of the GCAT is to assist organisations to assess their current state of compliance to GDPR. Drawing from an experimental research and development approach, GCAT is then compared with other existing GDPR compliance assessment technologies. Comparative analysis results shows that GCAT simplifies and optimize GDPR compliance assessments.

Differences in Learning Outcomes of Class VIII Students of SMP Negeri 3 Tondano on The Material of Building Flat Side Spaces Given the Implementation of The PjBL Model

This study investigates the disparities in students' mathematical learning achievements when using the Flat-Side Building material in conjunction with the PjBL model compared to students who use the DI model. This study employs an experimental research approach utilizing a post-test-only control group design. The participants in this study consisted of two groups: an experimental group, comprising 25 students from class VIII-C, and a control group, comprising 24 students from class VIII-B at SMP Negeri 3 Tondano for the academic year 2023/2024. The selection of participants was done randomly from the two classes. The post-test research yielded an average score of 79.44 for the experimental class and 75.0208 for the control class. The hypothesis test analysis results indicate that the value of tcount is 2.302 and the value of ttable is 1.678. Since the value of tcount is greater than the value of ttable, we can infer that the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected, and the alternative hypothesis (H1) is accepted. This study determines that there is a discernible disparity in student learning outcomes when the subject of Building Flat Side Spaces is taught utilizing the Project-based Learning (PjBL) model as opposed to the Direct Instruction (DI) model in the eighth grade of SMP Negeri 3 Tondano.

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF APPLICATION OF CABBAGE LEAVES ON REDUCTION OF BREAST ENGORGEMENT AMONG POSTNATAL MOTHERS IN SELECTED HOSPITALS OF JABALPUR

Background—The most innate and purest of all human activities is breastfeeding. Its an up breast in strengthening the mother baby bonding. Amongst the postpartum complications one of the commonest is breast engorgement. Its an painful overfilling of the mammary glands with milk. If not treated it can result in severe breast complications like mastitis. The nurse practioners knowledge of alternative and complementary therapy of dealing with engorgements would surely help in reducing this post partum morbidity and thereby improving the maternal and newborn care Need Of The Study---The investigator herself is a woman, hence she could discern the urgent requirement of promoting an efficacious technique for decreasing the breast engorgement following labour. Using cabbage leaves is a convenient method for this purpose. Hence the study was undertaken to determine the outcome of cabbage leaves application in reducing it. Method The study utilized a Quasi experimental research approach with two group pretest - posttest design. The data was collected from selected hospitals of Jabalpur city by using purposive sampling technique. The sample comprised 40 postnatal mothers. The tool used for collecting demographic data were a interview along with the analogue pain scale and Hill& Humenic breast engorgement scale, Application of cabbage leaves was done for 20 minutes after the breast feeding for reduction of breast engorgement in post natal mother Result-- The assessment of breast engorgement scale in this study shows that the Assessment control group indicate majority of engorgement scale Severe engorgement (11) 55% group, moderate was (8) 40% and mild engorgement is (1) 5% Finding of the present study shows the assess in breast engorgement scale indicate majority of engorgement scale Severe engorgement (13) 65% group, moderate was (6)30% and mild engorgement is (1)5% in Pre-Experimental group. Finding of the present study shows the assess in breast engorgement scale indicate majority of engorgement scale Severe engorgement (11)55% group, moderate was (8)40% and mild engorgement is (1)5% in Post-Experimental group.The t-test compared result showed positive correlation that calculated value is t=5.075 which is greater than t=1.685 at the 0.05 level of significance. Findings related to the comparison of severity of the breast engorgement score with control group and experimental group by the unpaired t-test, compared result showed positive correlation t=3.90 which is greater than the table value 2.02 at the 0.05 level of significance. Conclusion—In order to foster the MGDs 4 and MGD 5 simple and easily available techniques like cabbage leaves application on breast engorgement should be commonised in practice by the nurse administrators and midwifery practioners so that this major discomfort is relieved .cabbage leaves does not reduce the milk production and suplly but only works on the fluid trapped around . it helps in the capillary dilatation and acts a counter irritant . The inflammation ,pain and engorgement is reduced allowing the milk to flow freely KEY WORDS-- Cabbage Leaves, Reduction of breast Engorgement, Postnatal mothers

Assessment of the Efficiency of a Hybrid Photovoltaic and Photovoltaic Heating System (PV–Solar) in the Context of a Warehouse for a Housing Community in Poland

In light of global challenges such as the war in Ukraine and the depletion of fossil fuel resources, it is essential to explore sustainable energy solutions. Hybrid energy systems represent a potential solution, offering energy independence to urban housing estates and reducing CO2 emissions. This article aims to explore the feasibility of integrating photovoltaic systems (utilizing vacuum collectors) and combined utilities (system heat and electricity) in a hybrid setup, leveraging existing technical infrastructure with necessary modifications. A key aspect is to perform calculations on the amount of heat and electricity generated from these systems. The study analyzes the demand for heat and electricity among consumers compared to the estimated production from renewable sources. Calculations also include the potential energy savings and CO2 emission reductions achievable through the proposed solutions. The findings indicate that hybrid photovoltaic systems with heat storage could effectively address energy issues in urban housing estates, given adequate support and community involvement. The innovative methodology employed in this study encompasses both analytical and experimental research approaches. The analysis employs advanced statistical techniques and data integration to enhance understanding of the phenomena studied, while the experimental research provides robust results through controlled variable manipulation and precise measurement tools, thereby verifying the study’s objectives.

Pengaruh Media Busy Board terhadap Perkembangan Motorik Halus Anak di TK Iqra’ Tunggul Hitam Padang

Fine motor skills are acquired through practice and education. Defined as precision movements that use small muscles or specific body parts. From observations made at Iqra' Kindergarten, it can be seen that children's fine motor development is still lacking. The aim of this research is to evaluate the extent to which busy board media can help kindergarten students at TK Iqra' ANGKAL Hitam Padang in developing their fine motor skills. This research stands out for its emphasis on quantitative elements and using an experimental research approach. The researchers used word and action assessments to collect data. To test the data, homogeneity and normality checks were carried out. The average score of the experimental class was 14.17, while the control group's score was 12.75, based on research findings before and after the test. The significance level of 0.05 is somewhat exceeded by the two-sided p value of 0.009. As a result, we can say that the difference between the experimental group and the control group is statistically significant. As a result, there were striking differences between the experimental group and the control group. Thus, it can be concluded that the null hypothesis (Ho) is refuted and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is validated. The results showed that there were significant differences in the fine motor skills of experimental and control group children aged 5-6 years. This shows that the Media Busy Board is an effective way to help teenagers in this age range improve their fine motor skills.

UTILIZING PICTURE SERIES AS MEDIA TO ENHANCE STUDENTS' SPEAKING AT THE SECOND GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP NEGERI 1 TANIMBAR UTARA

Speaking is a crucial language skill encompassing the ability to pronounce words, convey ideas, thoughts, and opinions effectively. Despite its significance, many students exhibit a preference for their native language, such as Indonesian, over English. This study investigates the efficacy of utilizing picture series as a tool to improve students' English speaking proficiency at the second grade level of SMP Negeri 1 Tanimbar Utara. The research question addressed is whether picture series as a medium can enhance students' speaking ability. The objective is to explore how picture series as a medium can facilitate students' speaking skill development and improve their English language learning experience. This study adopts an experimental and quantitative research approach with a sample population of 50 students. The research instruments include a Speaking Skill Test and a Rating Scale of Speaking Skill Test. Data collection methods consist of Pre-Test and Post-Test assessments. The findings reveal a significant correlation between the use of picture series as a media and the enhancement of students' speaking skills. The validity test conducted through SPSS 25 confirms the suitability of the questionnaire items for research purposes. Overall, the results suggest that employing picture series as a teaching aid can effectively bolster students' speaking abilities, particularly for second-grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Tanimbar Utara.

أثر منهج مقترح لتدريس مادة اللغة العربية العامة على وفق معايير الاعتماد الأكاديمي في تحصيل طالبات كليات التربية بنات

The current research aims to identify "the impact of a proposed curriculum for teaching the general Arabic language subject according to the standards of academic accreditation in the achievement of female students in the Colleges of Education for Girls." To achieve the goal of the research, the researchers adopted the experimental research approach and chose an experimental design with two groups and a post-test. Statistically significant at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the students of the experimental group who study the subject of General Arabic language in the proposed curriculum and the average scores of the students of the control group who study the same subject (in the usual way) in the achievement test of the subject of General Arabic. The research community consisted of Students of non-specialty departments of colleges of education for girls for the academic year (2021-2022), and the researcher randomly chose the Department of Qur’an Sciences to apply the research experiment. The experimental group and the number of its students (32) students whose students will be studied according to (the proposed curriculum), and Division (A) represented the control group and the number of its students (31) students who will study She requested it according to the (usual method), the researcher rewarded the research groups in the variables (intelligence test, language ability test, test scores for the previous academic year (2020-2021)), and the two researchers prepared a test to measure the achievement of the students of the two research groups, which consisted of (50) A multiple-choice test item that verified its validity and reliability. The experiment lasted a full academic year. The researcher used the appropriate statistical methods for the following research procedures (t-test, Chi-square, Pearson's correlation coefficient, difficulty coefficient, discriminatory power coefficient, and the effectiveness of wrong alternatives). The results resulted in the superiority of the experimental group over the control group in the post achievement test. The current research came out with a number of conclusions, including that the use of the proposed approach contributes to increasing the students’ activity, effectiveness, and inclination towards General Arabic. The two researchers also recommended a number of recommendations, including the adoption of the proposed approach in teaching the subject. General Arabic for departments other than specialization in the College of Education for Girls. The two researchers proposed a number of proposals, including conducting a study similar to the current study on other variables.

SENSORY EVALUATION AND ACCEPTABILITY OF WATER YAM (DIOSCOREA ALATA) FLOUR FOR PRODUCTION SNACKS

This study assess the acceptability of processed water yam flour as a snack and its sensory evaluation. Using water yam flour and wheat flour in the ratios of 70:30 and 50:50, two distinct composite flour blends were created. As a control, there were samples made of wheat flour. The purpose of the study was to investigate the potential applications of Nigeria's freely obtainable water yam flour for making chinchin, cake, and cookies. In order to accomplish this, chinchin, cakes, and cookies made with water yam and wheat flour were prepared and then subjected to sensory analysis. Based on its appearance, color, flavor, texture, taste, mouth feel, crispiness, and overall acceptability, food products such chinchin, cake, and cookies were utilized to assess the sensory acceptability. For sensory evaluation, an 8-point hedonic scale was employed. The mean separation was performed using the Duncan New Multiple Range Test. The data was analyzed using the mean(x) score, simple percentage, standard deviation (SD), and analysis of variance (ANOVA). To clarify how new recipe is created, the study used an experimental research approach. It was evident from the findings that the judges accepted chinchin, cakes, and cookie sampling. The study concluded that, with regard to the factors examined, there was no discernible variation in the judges' ratings. Based on the results, the researcher concluded that water yam flour can be used in place of wheat flour and that products like chinchin, cakes, and cookies made with water yam flour should be encouraged by the producers.

Acute Side effects and health care requirements in breast cancer patients treated with radiotherapy.

To identify the unmet needs of breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy METHODS: A pretest-posttest single-group experimental design, a variation of the experimental research approach, was employed in this investigation. The study's sample consisted of 28 breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy at the radiation oncology clinic of a training and research hospital between November 2021 and April 2022. The sample size was determined using G*Power 3.1 software. Data were collected using an Information Form, Radiotherapy Acute Side Effects Follow-up Form, and the Supportive Care Needs Scale (SCNS-SF34). Participants reported experiencing side effects such as difficulty swallowing, sore throat, cough, weakness, loss of appetite, skin sensitivity, discomfort, pain, and skin reactions. These reactions moderately impacted their daily activities, psychological well-being, and unmet needs in terms of patient care and support. Breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy may not express every side effect they experience to healthcare professionals. This study will contribute to the literature in terms of raising awareness by emphasizing the importance of addressing the comprehensive needs of breast cancer patients throughout their radiotherapy treatment journey.

The Influence of Merdeka Belajar – Kampus Merdeka to Improve the Quality of Graduates in Higher Education: A Reflective Analysis

Objective: Higher education is vital in producing qualified graduates ready to face work challenges. This research used a case study approach at Asahan University. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the Merdeka Belajar-Kampus Merdeka program at Asahan University. Method: The approach was used as an experimental research approach. The respondents constituted students and lecturers at the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education at Asahan University, which accounts for 26 participants. In sampling from the population, researchers used purposive sampling with sample characters, namely students and lecturers of the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, students and lecturers involved in the MBKM program batch 1 to batch 6. Data collection was carried out using 20 questionnaires, which were analyzed using a Likert Scale. The data was collected using the Google form integrated with Internet-Based Data Analysis (IBDA) and analyzed using the Microsoft Office Excel formula. Results: Therefore, based on the questionnaire distributed using Google Forms, it was found that the program MBKM that Asahan University has carried out affects the competence of graduates involved in the program, with a significance of 64.4% with significant criteria. Novelty: Based on the analysis and discussion results, the Learning Management System integrated the MBKM program to require a clear, structured concept and scientific transparency in all aspects to increase the number of graduates who contribute to the development of Indonesia Maju 2045.

Improving Academic Performance of Students in General Statistics using Project HELPS-KITA (Helping and Edifying Low-Performing Students in Statistics: Knowledge, Integration of Technology and Attitude Development)

The aim of the study is to improve the academic performance of the students in Statistics using Project HELPS-KITA (Helping and Edifying Low Performing in Statistics-Knowledge acquisition, Integration of Technology and Attitude development). This intervention program focused on knowledge acquisition, Integration of technology and attitude development. This research employed both qualitative and quantitative methods to gather data that will answer the problems of the study. The experimental research approach was used to determine the improvement in the academic performance of the students in Statistics. Purposive sampling technique was used in the selection of the participants. The researcher used a teacher-made test in order to measure the pre-test and post-test percentage performance of the students in Statistics. The researcher uses Likert-scale survey questionnaire in order to asses students’ level of satisfaction in the implementation program. Weighted mean and standard deviation were used to describe the degree of satisfaction of the students with the project’s implementation; t-test was used to determine if there is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test percentage performance of the students in Statistics before and after exposure to Project HELPS-KITA. According to the study’s findings, that the percentage scores on the pre- and post-tests in Statistics before and after being exposed to Project HELPS-KITA differ significantly, which implies that the program is successful in resolving the students’ challenges with learning Statistics. Overall, the program has shown to be quite helpful, especially for students who consistently miss class and struggle with Statistics.

The Effectiveness of The Tack Learning Model Using Logic Model Analysis To Enhance Self-Directed Learning

This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the TACK (Technological, Andragogical, Content Knowledge) learning model combined with Logic Model analysis in enhancing students' self-directed learning in the Department of Non-formal Education (PNF) at Padang State University. This research employs a quantitative experimental research approach, measuring the difference between pre-test and post-test scores to assess the impact of the TACK learning model on student self-directed learning. Data were collected through questionnaires, observations of the teaching implementation, and documentation. Logic Model analysis is utilized to map the components of the TACK model and evaluate the expected outcomes. The research findings indicate a significant improvement in student self-directed learning, as evidenced by the increase in post-test scores compared to pre-test scores. Statistical analysis supports the hypothesis that the TACK model effectively enhances students' self-directed learning in the Department of Non-formal Education (PNF). This research highlights the potential of the TACK learning model combined with Logic Model analysis as a valuable strategy for enhancing the quality of learning within university environments. Its application offers a promising approach to improving self-directed learning, which is crucial for enhancing learning outcomes. The findings of this research have implications for curriculum design and faculty training in educational institutions. Furthermore, this research contributes to the existing knowledge base on effective teaching methods for students, providing valuable insights for future learning practices.