Animals Of Experimental Group Research Articles

Risk meters and markers of accelerated aging

The purpose of the study is to analyze scientific research on the establishment of risk meters and markers of aging, in order to take a set of measures to prevent accelerated aging and the development of occupational diseases in the working population, including using models on laboratory animals. Material and methods: analytical, toxicological, hygienic and statistical research methods. The object of the study was the results of our own original research on the influence of environmental factors (vibration, noise, 4-component mixture of hydrocarbons) on the organisms of model animals, as well as published research material on the establishment of risk meters and markers of aging. The results and their discussion. The study determined a direct relationship between gender, age and duration of exposure to environmental factors on model organisms exposed to 90-day exposure to occupational hazards, which made it possible to establish risk meters and markers of premature aging in animals of experimental groups, compared with the control group. The results obtained experimentally will contribute to the adoption of measures to protect the health of the labor contingent. Conclusion. The leading role of timely adoption of a set of health-saving measures to prevent the development of occupational diseases in the labor contingent is determined, based on established risk meters and markers of accelerated aging using organisms of model animals.

The study of the influence of <i>Thlaspi arvense</i> L. on the characteristics of the reproductive system of male rats

Introduction. The development of new effective and safe herbal medicines capable of having a positive effect on reproductive status is an urgent task of domestic pharmacy. Medicinal plants are considered as alternative therapies aimed at increasing testosterone levels and fertility in men. The arsenal of medicinal plants used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diseases in men is mainly represented by phytoadaptogens, most of which have a small resource potential in Russia, therefore, it is relevant to search for plants with a sufficient raw material base and with the potential for cultivation. Thlaspi arvense L. is a promising medicinal plant, as it is widely used in folk medicine as a diuretic, anti-inflammatory, diaphoretic, antihistamine, hemostatic, astringent, has a positive effect on the processes of spermatogenesis and is widely distributed in our country. However, information on the chemical composition and biological activity of Thlaspi arvense L. they are insufficient, which shows the relevance of its further more detailed study in order to substantiate the possibility of application in practical medicine and solutions to the issues of standardization of medicinal plant raw materials.Aim. The study of the influence of Thlaspi arvense L. on the characteristics of the reproductive system of male rats.Materials and methods. The object of the study was an infusion of herbа Thlaspi arvense L. The features of the reproductive behavior of male rats after 21-day administration of the infusion of grass yarutka field were studied using tests that allow quantifying the severity of sexual motivation and sexual activity of males. The viability of spermatozoa in the ejaculate of rats was assessed, the total number of spermatozoa (ACS, million), degenerative and immobile forms (%) was calculated. Morphophysiological parameters of spermatogenesis of rats of control and experimental groups of animals were studied using classical histological methods. The concentration of testosterone in the blood serum of experimental groups of animals was determined by the enzyme immunoassay.Results and discussion. The results obtained allow us to conclude that the fertility of rats has increased against the background of the course administration of the infusion of herbа Thlaspi arvense L., as evidenced by an increase in the testosterone content in the blood, improvement of spermogram indicators and morphophysiological characteristics of spermatogenesis in the testicles of rats. The use of the infusion of herbа Thlaspi arvense L. has a protective effect on spermatogenesis. An increase in the thickness of the spermatogenic epithelium, the diameter of the cross-section of the convoluted seminal tubules and the index of spermatogenesis compared with the control group of animals was revealed. The positive effect of Thlaspi arvense L. on indicators of sexual motivation and sexual activity of male rats is shown.Conclusion. Thlaspi arvense L. is a promising medicinal plant, as it is able to have a positive effect on libido, the number and mobility of spermatozoa, the production of sex hormones, spermatogenesis, as well as on the pituitary-gonadal axis, which is associated with the content of a complex of biologically active substances in it.

INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT IN THE COMPLEX TREATMENT OF DISEASES OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM OF PIGS

The article presents the results of clinical trials of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory veterinary drug when administered to fattening piglets with clinical signs of musculoskeletal diseases. For the treatment of the diseases, piglets of the experimental (I) and control (II) groups received an antimicrobial drug based on the tetracycline antibiotic. The animals of the experimental group were additionally administered orally with drinking water the test non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug based on acetylsalicylic, ascorbic and citric acids, in the recommended dosage by the manufacturer. Blood for laboratory tests was selected from piglets before and after the use of drugs. Studies of hematological and biochemical parameters were conducted according to generally accepted methods. The therapeutic efficiecy of the drug and its effect on the morphofunctional state of the body was evaluated by comparing the statistically processed data obtained before and after treatment, as well as in comparison with the indicators of animals of the control group. The analysis of hematological parameters of piglets during the experiment showed a decrease in the number of leukocytes in the animal’s blood after the use of drugs. The normalization of the leukogram was also noted by reducing the relative number of rod-nuclear neutrophils. In particular, this indicator decreased by 17.4% in group I piglets, and by 12% in group II piglets. It is noted that the clinical response to therapy was faster and more pronounced in animals, which used a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug in combination with an antimicrobial drug than in piglets, which were treated only by antibiotic. According to the results of biochemical studies, it was found that the content of urea in the serum of animals of both groups before the use of drugs exceeded more than 3 times the upper limit of physiological values for a given age group of piglets. After therapy with the drugs a significant decrease in the urea content in the blood serum of groups 1 and 2 animals was noted by 3.42 and 2.98 times, respectively. It is established that the activity of marker enzymes of the liver physiological state (ALT, AST) in the serum of group I piglets after complex treatment with the studied drugs was slightly reduced and was within the physiological values. In the serum of group II animals, which were treated only with antimicrobial drug, ALT activity increased by 12,0 %, and AST – by 38,6 %, compared to the initial data, and exceeded the limit of physiological values. An increase in the content of iron by 37.4 % in the blood of group I piglets, compared to the period before drug administration, was noted. No adverse reactions and negative phenomena were detected during the use of the test drug, and the drug was well tolerated. According to the clinical condition of the experimental group animals and the results of laboratory tests it was established that the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs based on acetylsalicylic, ascorbic and citric acids simultaneously with antimicrobial therapy led to a faster improvement in the state of the musculoskeletal system. Observation during the month of the piglet’s clinical conditions confirmed the safety of the drug in the recommended dosage and method of administration in the combined treatment of inflammatory processes of the musculoskeletal system.

Оценка системы гемостаза кроликов после прижизненного экспериментального моделирования забрюшинной гематомы

The purpose of research is to study the dynamics of the hemostasis system in rabbits after intravital experimental modeling of retroperitoneal hematoma. The object of the study was 50 male rabbits of the Gray Giant breed, from which experimental and control groups of 25 individuals each were formed. Animals of the experimental group under non-inhalation anesthesia underwent intravital modeling of a retroperitoneal hematoma using a method we developed, including taking blood from the ear artery with the addition of an anticoagulant and subsequent injection of autologous blood into the retroperitoneal space. Animals in the control group were subjected to non-inhalational anesthesia only. Intravital experimental modeling of retroperitoneal hematoma in rabbits led to a number of significant changes in the hemostatic system, which were most pronounced in the first 14 days after the experiment. The international norma-lized ratio (INR) in the experimental group of animals had significantly low values compared to the control group only on the 1st, 3rd and 7th days, and the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) – on the 1st, 3rd days , 7th and 14th days after the experiment. There were no significant differences in the level of fibrinogen in blood plasma between the animals of the experimental and control groups. Thrombin time (TT) in animals of the experimental group was significantly higher only on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days, and the D-dimer content was significantly higher in all studied periods after the experiment in comparison with the control group animals. The highest level of D-dimer in the blood plasma of animals in the experimental group was recorded on the 7th day and probably indicated that in retroperitoneal hematomas the most active processes of fibrinolysis occur at this time. Low values of INR in the first 7 days and aPTT in the first 14 days, as well as prolongation of TT in the first 14 days after the experiment, give reason to believe that with retroperitoneal hematomas, the threshold for the likelihood of thrombus formation increases during these periods.

Correction of Nitrosative Stress During Reparative Regeneration of the Nasal Cavity Mucosa in an Experimental

Introduction. Nitric oxide metabolites play an important role in prolongation of the inflammatory reaction, disorders of epithelial regeneration in diseases of the upper respiratory tract. One of the promising approaches to regulating the bioactivity of nitric oxide is the use of antioxidants.The objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of antioxidant therapy for the correction of nitrosative stress during reparative regeneration of the nasal mucosa in an experiment.Methods. A preclinical randomized experimental study is conducted on 160 rats, divided into 4 groups. The control group (n = 40) consists of intact animals. Animals in experimental group 1 (n = 40) do not receive treatment aſter injury; in group 2 (n = 40) anti-inflammatory treatment is prescribed. The third group consists of laboratory rats (n = 40), which are additionally injected into the nasal cavity with an antioxidant — a 15 % solution of 1,1-dimethyl-3-oxobutylphosphonic acid dimethyl ester. On days 2, 5, 10, and 14 of observation, the concentration of nitrates and nitrites and C-reactive protein in the blood of animals are determined.Results. In group 3, aſter an increase in the level of nitric oxide metabolites on day 2 aſter injury on day 5, a significant (p < 0.05) decrease was noted in comparison with other groups, and by day 10— normalization of the indicator. An increase in the level of C-reactive protein in blood serum correlated with the concentration of nitric oxide metabolites.Discussion. The optimal therapeutic effect when taking antioxidants develops when administered in the first hours aſter injury to reduce the excessive formation of reactive nitrogen radicals. However, the duration of administration should not exceed 4–5 days to avoid a significant decrease in the level of nitric oxide metabolites and deterioration of mucosal regeneration.Conclusions. Assessment of nitric oxide metabolitesin the blood at different times aſter injury is an important marker of inflammatory activity. The use of antioxidants helps to reduce the concentration of active nitrogen radicals.

In vivo study of celery (Apium graveolens L) extract for regenerating pancreatic β-cell

Background: The celery plant (Apium graveolens L.) is a widely distributed herbal plant globally known for being a significant source of natural active products, including phenolic compounds and antioxidants demonstrating antidiabetic activity. Previous research findings have indicated the impact of celery leaf extract on reducing blood glucose levels. However, up to now, there is a dearth of research investigating the potential effect of celery leaf extract on the regeneration of pancreatic beta cells in mice with diabetes models.Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of the ethanol extract of celery leaves on the number of pancreatic cells in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mice.Method: This research method uses a randomized controlled group posttest only design. Experimental animals were divided into five groups, including a group of experimental animals in a healthy condition, the group with hyperglycemia, hyperglycemia group with celery extract at 200 mg/kg BW, hyperglycemia group with celery extract at 400 mg/kg, and hyperglycemia group with extract celery is 800 mg/kg BW. Termination was performed on day 60 after therapy and pancreas hematoxylin and eosin staining. They are counting the number of cells with a photo slide with 400x magnification in 5 fields of view—statistical analysis using One-Way ANOVA.Results: The study revealed that celery extract could increase the number of pancreatic cells compared to the control group (P<0.002). Notably, the highest increase in pancreatic cell count was observed in the group administered with 400 mg/BW of celery extract.Conclusion: Celery leaf extract effectively increased the number of beta cells in vivo.

THE EFFECT OF N-STEAROYLETHANOLAMINE ON THE STRESS HORMONES LEVELS IN OLD RATS WITH INDUCED CHRONIC INFLAMMATION

Numerous studies aimed at elucidating the evolutionary acquisition of the endocannabinoid system gradually expand our understanding of the development and functioning of living organisms. It is now well-known the indispensable role of endocannabinoids in higher nervous activity and other signaling high-activity compounds. Among the representatives of this system are saturated long-chain N-acyl ethanolamines, including N-stearoylethanolamine. Previous studies have illuminated a range of important functional features of NSE on various biochemical processes, including anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and antidyslipidemic properties. Aim. Considering the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in neurotransmission processes and the influence of NAE on steroidogenesis, hypotheses have been formed and, accordingly, the goal of determining the involvement of NSE as an adaptogen of the sympathoadrenal and hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal systems, including its influence on their functional state in rats during aging under conditions of low-grade chronic inflammatory processes. Methods. To achieve this goal, an experimental group of animals with "pathological" aging was formed, to which NSE was administered for some time. At the end of the experiment, blood plasma was collected from the animals, and the concentration of circulating adrenaline, corticosterone, and adrenocorticotropic hormones was analyzed using immunoassay and spectrophotometric methods. Results. During the analysis of the obtained results, geroprotective properties of NSE were identified, which likely result from an indirect pathway of its influence on humoral regulation systems. Conclusions. Analysis of the obtained results suggests that saturated N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), including NSE, may act as direct modulators of endocannabinoid system activity or indirect regulators by regulating steroidogenesis, integrating into the system of humoral regulation.

Investigation of Some Ion Channel Expressions in Cochlear Nucleus of Tinnitus Induced Rats

Aim: The aim of this study is to gain a better understanding of how certain ion channels play a role in the molecular mechanisms of salicylate- and noise-induced tinnitus. Method: The present study was conducted on thirty-two, 4-month-old, male Wistar Albino rats. Rats were equally divided into four groups; two experimental groups and two control groups. The assessment of tinnitus was based on a behavioral test which was modified from the conditional suppression method. Tinnitus was induced by sodium salicylate administration and noise exposure in rats in which the suppression ratios were zero (0). All animals in both experimental and control groups were decapitated in deep anaesthesia for 2 h after salicylate or saline administration and noise exposure, consecutively. Tissues from the left and right cochlear nucleus were dissected immediately in ice-cold RNA later (Invitrogen). Before reverse transcription, the RNA pools were arranged. Quantitative changes in HCN1, HCN2, HCN4, SCN1A, SCN2A1, SCN3A, TRPM2, TRPM7 and GAPDH mRNA expressions in the cochlear nucleus in both experimental and control groups were examined by quantitative real-time PCR method. Statistical data were analysed using the SPSS 21 program (Version 21.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) with the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: Fold changes in the expression levels of SCNA1, SCN2A1, SCN3A, TRPM2, TRPM7, CACNA1B, HCN1, HCN2 and HCN4 genes in both salicylate-induces tinnitus (SAT) and noise-induced tinnitus (NT) groups compared with the control group. According to these data, it is seen that the mRNA levels of all genes are lower in the cochlear nucleus area of the rats in both SAT and NT groups than in the control group. Considering each of these genes in NT group: SCNA1, SCN3A, TRPM7 genes slightly decreased; SCN2A1, TRPM2, HCN1 and HCN4 genes slightly increased compared with the SAT group. For HCN2 gene fold changes were nearly the same in the NT and SAT groups. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that tinnitus generation may be closely related to alterations in several key ion channel families activity including voltage-gated calcium channels, hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide–gated (HCN) channels, transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, voltage-gated sodium channels within the CN, specifically in response to salicylate-induced and noise-induced tinnitus models.

Effect of metal nanoparticles usage on oxidative stress indicators and endotoxemia parameters under DMH-induced carcinogenesis

One of the properties of nanoparticles is their ability to correct manifestations of oxidative stress and endotoxemia, which are critical factors in cancer development. Therefore, the work aimed to investigate the effect of the usage of Au/Ag/Fe nanoparticles on oxidative stress indicators and endotoxemia parameters in experimental colon carcinogenesis. The study was performed on 90 white male rats kept in standard vivarium conditions. The division into groups: I – intact animals; II – intact animals with 21 days NPs administration; III – animals injected with N,N-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride for 30 weeks; ІV – animals to which Au/Ag/Fe nanoparticles were intragastrically administered daily for 21 days after induced adenocarcinoma. According­ to our results, the concentration of oxidative stress indicators significantly increases under DMH-induced carcinogenesis conditions. It was established that the 21-day intragastric administration of NP Au/Ag/Fe composition caused a significant (P < 0.001) decrease in the concentration of TBARS in the blood serum by 1.33 times, in the content of diene and triene conjugates by 1.63 and 1.98 times, respectively compared to the third experimental group. The introduction of NPs in the fourth experimental group reduces the concentration of the Schiff bases by 1.34 times (P < 0.001), decreases the content of POMP370 and POMP430 by 1.25 (P < 0.001) and 1.37 times (P < 0.001), respectively, compared to the third experimental group. We also observed the reduction of endotoxemia levels in a fourth experimental animal group based on a significant decrease in MMM indexis and EII percentage. Keywords: Au/Ag/Fe nanoparticles, endotoxemia, induced colon carcinogenesis, N‚N-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride, oxidative stress

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Ethanolic Leaves Extract of <i>Sansevieria trifasciata</i> and <i>Sansevieria liberica</i> in Swiss Mice, (<i>Mus musculus</i>)

The aim of this study was to examine the anti-inflammatory properties of Sansevieria trifasciata, also known as mother-in-law tongue, and Sansevieria liberica ethanolic leaf extract on mice, (Mus musculus). In a scientific setting, plant powder was extracted using 70% ethanol over a 72-hour period. Using the test animals, the extracts’ median lethal dose (LD50) was established. The soluble portion of the extracts was given at working doses of 10, 20, and 30% of the LD50 to the corresponding experimental animal groups (i.e low, middle, and high dosages accordingly). Findings from Sansevieria trifasciata and S. liberica’s phytochemical screening indicated the existence of secondary metabolites like terpenes, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, and tannins. When given intraperitoneally, the LD50 of S. trifasciata and S. liberica were 387.30 and 353.55 mg/kg, respectively. The plant extracts’ soluble fraction was given intraperitoneally (i.p.) by injection as well as orally. The phlogistic egg-albumin-induced inflammation significantly decreased (p<0.05) according to the results. However, the development of a strong anti-inflammatory drug with low toxicity and an improved therapeutic index may come from the isolation of these bioactive components.

IMMUNOMODULATING ACTIVITY OF INDIVIDUAL SUBSTANСES ISOLATED FROM THE AERIAL PART OF RHAPONTICUM UNIFLORUM (L.) DC IN EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNODEFICIENCY

Introduction. The development and introduction of new drugs with immunomodulatory effects is one of the priorities of modern medicine. Numerous studies have proven the immunotropic activity of individual substances isolated from medicinal plants (flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, polysaccharides, ecdysteroids, terpenoids, etc.). In this study, it is of interest to determine the immunomodulatory effect of individual substances isolated from Rhaponticum uniflorum (L.) DC. The purpose of the study. Determine the immunomodulatory properties of 20-hydroxyecdysone, 5-О-caffeoylquinic acid and arabino-3,6-galactan, isolated from the aerial part of Rhaponticum uniflorum (L.) DC, in relation to the cellular and humoral components of the immune response during exper-imental immunosuppression caused by cyclophosphamide. Material and methods. The experiments were performed on 100 male mice of the F1 line (CBAxC57Bl/6) weighing 18-20 g. Immunodeficiency was simulated by in traperitoneal administration of cyclophosphamide at a dose of 250 mg/kg once. The experimental group of animals received individual substances intragastricallyin the following doses: 5-О-caffeoylquinic acid - 10 mg/kg, arabino-3,6-galactan - 10 mg/kg, 20-hydroxyecdysone - 3 mg/kg, once a day for 14 days. The intact group of mice received purified water according to the analogous scheme. The state of humoral chain of the im-mune response was estimated according to the quantity of antibody-forming cells (AFC) determined with the use of Cunningham's plaque assay (1965). The state of the cellular chain of the immune response was estimated according to the delayed hypersensitivity reaction. Study results. It has been established that 20-hydroxyecdysone, 5-О-caffeoylquinic acid and arabino-3,6-galactan, isolated from the aerial part of Rhaponticum uniflorum (L.) DC, have immunomodulatory effect on the cellular and humoral components of the immune response in immunosuppres-sion caused by cyclophosphamide. Conclusions. The obtained results argues the feasibility of further research of individual substances, isolated from the aerial part of Rhaponticum uni-florum (L.) DC, with a view to creating new effective immunomodulators of plant origin.

Liquid respiratory desaturation. The first experience of application on large biological objects

Introduction. This article is a continuation of the publication of the experimental studies results of prevention of acute decompression sickness (aDCS) in laboratory animals by the method of liquid respiratory desaturation (LRDS). LRDS is a method of preventing decompression disorders by the excretion of metabolically indifferent gases (in particular nitrogen) from the body during spontaneous respiration with liquid or artificial liquid lung ventilation (ALLV), by dissolved gas concentration gradient "from tissues to respiratory fluid". The method allows to provide rapid desaturation of the body from metabolically indifferent gases in the process of liquid respiration before and/or during decompression, thereby creating conditions for application of ultra-fast decompression profiles without the risk of decompression disorders.
 The aim of the study was to confirm the possibility of LRDS being a method of DCS prevention on large laboratory animals (minipigs).
 Materials and methods. The studies were performed on Wiessenau minipigs (n=8) — male and female, aged 4–5.5 months and weighing 7.1–11.2 kg. Animals of the control (n=4) and experimental (n=4) groups were subjected by compression by keeping in an air environment under high pressure (absolute 0.5 MPa for 60 minutes) to saturate tissues with indifferent gas (nitrogen). After compression experimental group was exposed to 30-minute ALLV with a liquid (perfluorodecalin) saturated with an oxygen under normobaric conditions. Air environment pressure during procedure of artificial lung ventilation was kept at 0.5 MPa. Decompression of the control and experimental groups was carried out in non-stop manner for 80 and 40 seconds respectively. The investigation of severity of clinical manifestations of DCS (changes in hemodynamic and respiratory parameters) including ultrasonic examination of gas bubbles in the heart and large vessels of the liver and as well as survival of animals in groups and pathoanatomical changes was performed.
 Results of the study. Clinical manifestations, ultrasonic scanning of the heart and venous vessels of the liver, as well as morphological examination data indicated the development of severe acute post-decompression disorders (PDD) in animals of the control group, which caused deaths in 100% of cases. Meanwhile all animals in experimental group survived and their state was stable. According to ultrasonic examination, the presence of small number of gas bubbles in the right-side heart chambers and liver's venous vessels being noted, but they disappeared after several hours. Deviations of the respiration's parameters function from background values (shortness of breath of a mixed type with the participation of auxiliary muscles, etc.) observed from the 2nd to the 4th day after ALLV, as well as compensatory reactions from the cardiovascular system (heart rate variability and instability of hemodynamic parameters) were caused by ALLV.
 Conclusions. Compressed air exposure 0.5 MPa for 60 minutes followed by 80 seconds of non-stop decompression allows to provoke the severe acute PDD minipigs model, manifested by pronounced intravascular gas formation, the development of acute respiratory and cardiovascular insufficiency causing the development of adverse outcomes.
 The ultrasound method of visual assessment of intravascular gas formation severity, adapted for minipigs, together with the dynamics of changes in the indicators of respiratory and cardiovascular systems makes possible to assess not only state of animal under anesthesia, but also the effectiveness of PDD prevention measures.
 The usage of ALLV with PFC liquid completely saturated with 100% oxygen under normobaric conditions makes possible partial removal of indifferent gas (nitrogen) dissolved in tissues of experimental animals during exposition in a compressed air environment before decompression and thereby carry out the prevention of DCS by LRDS method. It makes possible to implement successfully ultra-fast decompression profiles, incompatible with life in the control group.
 The state of animals from experimental group after LRDS is characterized by lung impairment caused by ALLV in hyperbaric conditions accompanied by temporary changes of external respiration function and compensatory reactions of cardiovascular system, observed during first 4 days.
 Ethics. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The Clinical Study Protocol was approved by local Ethics Committee of The Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health».

Clinical and experimental substantiation of the use of reduced concentrations of FSH during superovulation in highly productive cows

The purpose of the studies was to substantiate the use of reduced concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone to induce superovulation in highly productive cows and heifers. The research was carried out in one of the farms in the Leningrad region. After analyzing breeding cards and based on ultrasound visualization of the reproductive organs, promising animal embryo donors were selected - cows after the first calving and heifers that had reached physiological maturity, Holstein breed. According to the principle of analogues, groups of experimental animals Ⅰ and Ⅱ were formed, which included cows, and groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ, which included heifers, eight and six animals each, respectively. To induce multiple ovulation, hormonal treatment regimens were used, presented in Table 1. Hormonal treatment regimens were compiled in accordance with methodological recommendations on the procedure and conditions for applying the method of cattle embryo transplantation, as well as in accordance with the results of previously conducted studies and analysis of literary sources. As a result of the studies, it was established that all experimental animals responded equally to the hormonal regimen recommended by the manufacturer of exogenous gonadotropins and the experimental regimen, with a reduced concentration of the latter. It was revealed that there were no significant differences in the number of corpora lutea in the groups of cows and heifers when using a standard scheme for stimulating polyovulation and with a reduced content of follicle-stimulating hormone. There was also no difference between the experimental groups of cows and heifers in the number of embryos obtained. Analyzing the data obtained, we can conclude that it is advisable to use reduced concentrations of pituitary gonadotropins to stimulate multiple ovulation in highly productive cows and heifers.

The effectiveness of acaricidal drugs in bovine psoroptosis

The report presents the results of acaricides using from the macrocyclic lactones group and complex drug administration which includes deltamethrin, diflubenzuron and piperonyl butoxide by psoroptic scab of cattle. There was research at the beefproducing farm (Aberdeen Angus breed). It was four groups (n=10 by each). Animals of the 1st experimental group have received «Meradoc» drug (doramectin 1%, subcutaneous introduction, the neck area), 2d experimental group – «Ivermec» drug (ivermectin 1%, 1 ml per 50 kg, subcutaneous introduction, the neck area), 3d experimental group – «Deltsid 7.5» by single dose (15 ml per 100 kg) by the application on skin vertebral from the head to the tail. The 4th group was control without acaricidal treatment. It was found the single using of macrocyclic lactones groups’ drugs were destroyed only the larval, nymphal and imaginal phases of acarian Psoroptes without ticks’ eggs extermination. The scraping was included ticks’ eggs on 7th day after «Deltsid 7.5» drug using, but it wasn’t detected any larval, imaginal phases and ticks’ eggs on the 14th, 21st and 28th days after beginning of animal’s treatment. Moreover, to the 28th days there were registered the hair restoration and the skin in affected areas without compaction and folding. The using of complex drug «Deltsid 7.5» is more effective treatment of psoroptic scab of cattle. This drug has the acaricidal effect on the preimaginal phases Acariformes. There were blocked the enzymes activity which destroy the drug’s effect. To take on the Acariformes resistibility by acaricides it should be control the quality of anti-acaricidal treatments by microscopy of skin scrapings. The recommendation in the case of the positive result’s getting is the treatment alternation.

Electronic Microscopy aspects of experimentally induced chronic arthritis

Abstract: Introduction: Chronic diseases are responsible for about 38 million deaths annually and represent about 70% of all deaths worldwide. Among these, rheumatoid arthritis is the most common inflammatory rheumatic dis-ease, representing about 10% of all such disorders. Its incidence is approximately 1% of the general popula-tion. Material and method: our study aims to create an experimental model of chronic arthritis on Wistar rats, fe-male sex, to follow the dynamics of joint inflammatory phenomena, the effects of Leflunomide in their evolu-tion and the side effects at cardiac, hepatic and renal level. Discussions: The group of young experimental animals developed more extensive inflammatory phenomena compared to the group of adult animals. Leflunomide did not significantly improve the evolution and resolu-tion of inflammatory phenomena in either group. Conclusions: We showed for the first time in the world the effects of Leflunomide on the heart, with the occur-rence of myocardial necrosis ( myocardial infarction) as its main adverse effect.

Effect of Submaximal Exercise on Trained and Untrained Intensity on Estrogen Levels in Female White Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) Wistar Strains

Background: Trained and continuous physical activity can increase estrogen levels in women, while irregular activity can increase excessive Estrogen levels. Submaximal exercise is a recommended exercise to improve a woman's physiological function The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect of submaximal exercise on trained and untrained intensity on Estrogen levels in female white rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strains. Methods: This research was an experimental study using a post-test-only control group design using 30 female Wistar rats which were divided into 5 groups: control group not treated (K1), experimental group of animals with exercise intensity without intervention (K2), group of experimental animals with untrained intensity without intervention (K3), group of experimental animals with exercise intensity with intervention (K4), and experimental group of animals with exercise intensity with intervention (K4). experimental animals with untrained intensity treatment with intervention (K5). The intervention was swimming at moderate intensity with a duration of 85% of the maximum time to swim and a load of 8% of the rat's body weight. After the treatment period, all groups were terminated to take intracardiac blood measured using ELISA. Results: The data results were analyzed using statistical tests. The results of this study found that the trained group had lower Estrogen levels compared to the untrained group, but higher than the control group. The Kruskal-Wallis test show a significance value (p = 0.157), p> 0.05. Conclusion: In this study, there was no effect of submaximal exercise between trained and untrained intensity on Estrogen levels in Wistar strain female white rat.

Морфофункциональная характеристика печени и поджелудочной железы при воздействии гепатопротектора Ремаксол на фоне острого алкогольного воздействия у крыс

Purpose of the study. To study the effect of hepatoprotective drug Remaxol on morphology of the liver and pancreas as well as on biochemical indices of blood serum in rats with alcohol damage. Material and methods. The study was carried out on sexually mature male white laboratory rats divided into three groups: 1st control group – intact animals (2 rats); 2nd – experimental animals (5 rats), on which acute pancreatitis on the background of alcohol poisoning was modeled by daily administration of 40% aqueous ethanol solution at a dose of 5 mg/kg weight for 7 days without treatment; 3rd – experimental group (5 rats) with alcohol exposure and with administration of Remaxol at a dose of 5 mg/kg weight daily for another 7 days. Morphological study of the liver, its macrostructure was carried out, diameters of hepatocytes and pancreatic acinuses in animals of experimental and control groups were measured, biochemical parameters were estimated. Results. Blood tests indicate acute alcohol poisoning in the experimental groups; short-term (7 days) alcohol damage has less effect on the size of hepatocytes than on the size of pancreatic acini; pancreatic acini were more reactive to the toxic effect of alcohol; against the background of insignificant morphometric differences, the morphological signs of cells and organs changed; in the liver and pancreas there were signs of inflammatory (swelling of cells in the liver and pancreas). Conclusion. Histological picture of the liver and pancreas of animals with acute alcohol damage against the background of Remaxol treatment showed a decrease in the toxic effect of 40% alcohol on hepatocytes and pancreatocytes, normalization of their morphological parameters.

Morphological peculiarities of regeneration phases and dynamics of growth factor levels at using 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridinium n-acetyl-6-aminohexanoate for rat skin burns repairation

BACKGROUND: It was found that new derivatives of acexamic acid — N-acetyl-6-aminohexanoate of silver and 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridinium N-acetyl-6-aminohexanoate stimulate regeneration and mineralization of bone tissues in osteoporosis. However, to date, the effect of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridinium N-acetyl-6-aminohexanoate on the features of reparative histogenesis and the relationship of its stages with the levels of growth factors in regenerating tissues during skin restoration after thermal burn has not been studied.
 AIM: To estimate the morphology dynamics of skin burn healing and its relationship with the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor growth factors in rat regenerating tissues to characterize the reparative properties of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridinium N-acetyl-6-aminohexanoate.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: 63 nonlinear rats were used to establish thermal burn wound model according to standard methodics. Burn wounds of the experimental group animals were treated with 2% ointment of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridinium N-acetyl-6-aminohexanoate daily, control group 1 — the burns were not treated, control group 2 — ointment base was applied daily. Morphological examinations of regenerating tissues from the burn area were carried out on days 7, 14 and 21 of the experiment after standard sample preparation. The concentrations of growth factors in homogenates of regenerating tissues were determined by Enzyme Immunoassay.
 RESULTS: The inflammation phase is characterized by vascular endothelial growth factor active production and release from cells and morphologically accompanied by early neovasculogenesis in granulation tissue and significant differences in its thickness in rats of the experimental group. During the proliferation phase, activation of fibroblast reproduction and differentiation was associated with an increase in basic fibroblast growth factor levels and the maintenance of elevated vascular endothelial growth factor levels in all groups, especially high in experimental group rats. The epithelialization phase was accompanied by a statistically significant decrease in the content of basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in regenerating skin tissues by 1.9 and 1.8 times, respectively, in comparison with the control groups.
 CONCLUSIONS: The obtained experimental data indicate 2% ointment with 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridinium N-acetyl-6-aminohexanoate has a reparative potential, as evidenced by the accelerated reduction both the area of burn defects and the average time for their healing in the experimental group compared to the control groups.

THE EFFECT OF A POLYPROPYLENE IMPLANT TREATED WITH THYROTHRICIN ON THE HYPOGASTRIC TISSUES OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL IN RATS

Introduction. The study of tissue reactions to the placement of polymeric materials (polypropylene mesh), used for the treatment of hernias, remains relevant. The paper examines the hypothesis regarding the existence of certain differences in tissue reactions to polypropylene implants without and with treatment of the latter with an antimicrobial agent. Objective of this study is to investigate the reaction of the tissues of the peritoneum and the muscle-aponeurotic layer of the abdominal wall to a polypropylene implant treated with thyrothricin, used for the treatment of complicated variants of inguinal hernias.
 Materials and methods. Experimental studies were conducted on laboratory sexually mature male Wistar rats. Experimental animals made up 4 groups of 5 animals each. The 1st group included control animals (intact). In the rats of the 2nd group, a defect of the abdominal wall of the hypogastric region was surgically modeled. In the animals of the 3rd experimental group, after modeling the defect of the abdominal wall, a polypropylene mesh implant was placed between the peritoneum and the inner leaf of the aponeurosis of the rectus abdominis muscles. The 4th experimental group consisted of animals in which the polypropylene implant was additionally treated with a thyrothricin solution.
 Results. During the experimental study, the integration of tissue elements of the peritoneal walls and the muscle-aponeurotic layer of the abdominal wall with the material of polypropylene meshes was revealed. Active processes of collagenogenesis were observed in the boundary zones and the area of integration with the implant, as well as pronounced manifestations of vascularization of the newly formed connective tissue. The morphological features of the connective tissue formed in the area and around intact implants and meshes treated with thyrothricin did not significantly differ from each other, but significantly prevailed over the condition of the tissues in intact animals. No particular difference between the above-mentioned changes in the tissues of animals of the 3rd and 4th groups was found.
 Conclusion. The obtained results indicate positive biocompatibility of body tissues and polypropylene implants. There is no negative effect of polypropylene nets treated with thyrothricin on body tissues and their regenerative potential.

Reproductive qualities of French breed large white breed sows of different operating value and level of their discretion

This work aimed to investigate the lifespan and breeding use, reproductive qualities, and the level of their discreteness in sows of the large white breed of French breeding, considering their operational value. Agroprime Holding LLC of the Odesa region, the laboratory of innovative technologies, and experimental livestock facilities of the Institute of Pig Breeding and AIP of the National Academy of Sciences carried out the practical part of the work. Evaluation of sows according to indicators characterizing the level of their adaptation and reproductive qualities was carried out taking into account the following characteristics: life expectancy, days; duration of tribal use, days; received farts; all live piglets were born, head.; multifertility, ch.; high fertility, kg.; nest weight at the time of weaning at 28 days, kg; preservation, %. The selection index of reproductive qualities of the sow (SIRQS) was calculated according to the method of O. M. Tsereniuk et al. (2010), the coefficient of discreteness (D) – Seromolot and Sviatchenko (1984). Biometric processing of research results was carried out according to generally accepted methods. It has been established that sows of the large white breed of French breeding, provided they are kept in production premises using innovative technologies, are characterized by high indicators of the level of adaptation and reproductive qualities. Thus, their life span is 905.7 days, the duration of breeding use is 680.6 days, and in terms of reproductive qualities, they belong to the elite class. A significant difference between the groups of experimental animals was established in terms of life expectancy, duration of breeding use, total number of live piglets, multifertility, and litter weight at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days. The maximum indicators of high fertility (1.34 kg) and preservation of piglets until weaning at the age of 28 days (100 %) were found in sows of the “low operational value” category. The coefficient of discreteness of life expectancy and breeding use in sows of I, II, and III experimental groups is equal to 0.406, 0.677, and 0.633, reproductive qualities – 0.828, 0.882, and 0.903, respectively. Coefficients of paired correlation between life span and breeding use of sows and signs of reproductive qualities range from -0.055 to +0.904. The maximum increase in additional production was obtained from sows of the “high operational value” category – +6.80 %, and its value is +355.57 UAH/head/ farrowing.