Post-test Scores Of Experimental Group Research Articles

TEACHING VOCABULARY THROUGH SNAKE AND LADDER BOARD GAME IN THE TENTH GRADE OF SMA MUHAMMADIYAH 1 MALANG

Vocabulary is the language resource, students have to know vocabularies to produce sentences. Thus, the aim of this study was to find out whether snake and ladder board game could improve students’ vocabulary mastery or not. The subject analyzed in this research were the tenth grade students of SMA Muhammadiyah I. The experimental group was X-IPS-I while the control group was X-IPS-II.This study employed quantitative research design. This design was selected due to this present study was required a concrete evidence whether Snake and Ladder Board Game could enhance students’ vocabulary mastery in senior high school or not. In this study the instruments used were pre-test, treatment, and post-test. The pre-test was given to both experimental and control group. After the pre-test was given to both groups, then the experimental group was treated or taught by using snake and ladder board game, while the control group was not treated by using snake and ladder board game. After that, the post-test was also given to both experimental and control group. The researcher used t-test to know the significant difference between the mean score of the experimental and control group. The process of t-test was counted using computer SPSS 17 version.The result of this study was shown that snake and ladder board game could improve students’ vocabulary mastery due to the score of pre-test in control group was higher than the pre-test score of experimental group. Otherwise, the post-test score of experimental group was higher than the control group. Accordingly, related to the result of this experimental research, the researcher concludes that snake and ladder board game can improve students’ vocabulary mastery in the first year students of senior high school.

TEACHING VOCABULARY THROUGH SNAKE AND LADDER BOARD GAME IN THE TENTH GRADE OF SMA MUHAMMADIYAH 1 MALANG

Vocabulary is the language resource, students have to know vocabularies to produce sentences. Thus, the aim of this study was to find out whether snake and ladder board game could improve students’ vocabulary mastery or not. The subject analyzed in this research were the tenth grade students of SMA Muhammadiyah I. The experimental group was X-IPS-I while the control group was X-IPS-II.This study employed quantitative research design. This design was selected due to this present study was required a concrete evidence whether Snake and Ladder Board Game could enhance students’ vocabulary mastery in senior high school or not. In this study the instruments used were pre-test, treatment, and post-test. The pre-test was given to both experimental and control group. After the pre-test was given to both groups, then the experimental group was treated or taught by using snake and ladder board game, while the control group was not treated by using snake and ladder board game. After that, the post-test was also given to both experimental and control group. The researcher used t-test to know the significant difference between the mean score of the experimental and control group. The process of t-test was counted using computer SPSS 17 version.The result of this study was shown that snake and ladder board game could improve students’ vocabulary mastery due to the score of pre-test in control group was higher than the pre-test score of experimental group. Otherwise, the post-test score of experimental group was higher than the control group. Accordingly, related to the result of this experimental research, the researcher concludes that snake and ladder board game can improve students’ vocabulary mastery in the first year students of senior high school.

The Effect of “Numbered Heads Together” vs “Three Minutes Review” on Students’ Vocabulary Mastery

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Numbered Heads Together and Three Minutes Review techniques on students’ vocabulary mastery. It used quantitative approach with factorial design. It involved the seventh graders of Simbang Wetan Islamic Junior High School Pekalongan that were chosen through purposive sampling. Class 7A that consisted of 25 students was considered as the experimental group, and they were taught by using Numbered Heads Together. On the other hand, class 7B that consisted of 27 students was considered as the control group, and they were taught by using Three Minutes Review. The methods of data collection of this study were observation, questionnaire, and test. Based on the calculation of the research result, it showed that Ftable = 4.26 and Fcount = 17.39. Because Fcount > Ftable, so Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. It can be concluded that there is significant difference between the post-test score of experimental group and control group. In other words, Numbered Heads Together is more effective than Three Minutes Review in teaching vocabulary for high and low achievers.

The effect of awareness raising about using cognitive strategies in foreign language teaching on students’ development of reading comprehension skills

The purpose of this study is to analyze the development of students’ reading comprehension skills about using cognitive strategies in foreign language teaching by means of awareness raising activities. To this end, the research was conducted for 11 weeks with 77 students studying in an English preparatory school program. The experimental group was exposed to a training which is based on awareness raising activities about using cognitive strategies. A pre-test and a post-test were designed for 2 experimental and 2 control groups with random sampling, and then the statistical differences were tested based on the scores of the both groups in terms of significance. Moreover, the study aims to determine the views of the participants about the strategy training. The results show that there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the experimental group in terms of their achievement in reading skill, and the post-test scores of the both experimental group and control group were in favor of the experimental group. Also, it has also found that the experiment had a positive impact on the participants.

The Effect of Van Hiele Theory-Based Teaching Educational Package on Achievement Goal Orientation of Student Teachers

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of Van Hiele theory-based teaching educational package on achievement goal orientation among student teachers. Research method of this study was quasi-experimental with plan of pretest-posttest and control group. Statistical population includes all student teachers Farhangian University of Isfahan, Iran so that two groups of participants with 176 members were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups responded the standardized questionnaire of achievement goals including four types of orientations mastery-approach, mastery-avoidance, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance. To analyze the obtained data from questionnaire, descriptive statistics and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used. According to the obtained result, the mean difference between pretest and posttest scores of experimental group was significantly more than control group in terms of orientation of mastery-approach (mastery-oriented). This difference was not significant for other variables in two experimental and control groups. People with mastery-oriented goals try to increase their abilities emphasizing on perception, vision and skill. Hence, educational package is suggested to develop and improve competences through increasing the level of understanding and perception of matter in order to professional promotion of teachers.

Teaching about Near-Death Experiences: The Effectiveness of Using the Day I Died

In this article, we reviewed results of research on near-death experiences (NDEs) over the past 3 decades and examined the effect of viewing the hour-long 2002 BBC documentary The Day I Died: The Mind, the Brain, and Near-Death Experiences on accurate knowledge about near-death experiences among advanced undergraduates at a southwestern university. In a quasi-experimental research design, the experimental group completed a 20-item questionnaire before and after viewing the documentary (n = 66; 45 females, 21 males), and the waitlist control group completed the questionnaire as pre- and posttest before viewing the documentary (n = 39; 36 female, 3 male). The two groups' scores at pretest were not significantly different (p > .05). Group by occasion repeated measures ANOVA revealed the experimental group's posttest scores moved significantly in the direction of correctness with a large effect size (p < .001; eta2 = .56), whereas waitlist control group posttest scores remained similar to pretest scores. We discuss two exceptions to the effectiveness of the documentary and recommendations for educators using it as well as for future research.

Effects of the philosophy for children program through the community of inquiry method on the improvement of interpersonal relationship skills in primary school students

To investigate the effect of community of inquiry method on improvement of interpersonal relationship skills, based on Matthew Lipman’s theory and practice, an experiment was designed and conducted in Tehran among primary school students of third, fourth and fifth grades. 190 student (97 boys and 93 girls) were randomly selected and assigned to experimental and control group (88 experimental, 102 control). The experimental group was taught based on community of inquiry methodology for twelve ninety minute sessions. Interpersonal relationship skills were measured by Ardly & Asher’s questionnaire. Results show that means of both experimental and control group on the pre-test didn't have any significant difference. But, the results of pre-test and post-test of both experimental and control group indicated that the mean of post-test scores of experimental group in relation to pre-test in interpersonal relationship skills increased, while the mean of the control group remained the same in the post-test, and the mean of the experimental group in the post-test was higher than the mean of the control group. In order to investigate the persistence of the treatment effect, the students were rechecked after 4 months, and the results appeared to be stable. Therefore, this semi-experimental study has shown that the community of inquiry method has positively affected interpersonal relationship skills in experimental group of children, with effects that continued for at least 4 months after the treatment.

The effects of students’ problem solving skills on their understanding of chemical rate and their achievement on this issue

Problem solving is a part of thinking. There are several steps of problem solving. The first thing which is necessary for solving personal and organizational problems is the knowledge of problem solving process. Students who have learned problem solving process can be successful in every stage of their lives by using these skills in finding solutions to the encountered difficulties and problems. In this study, the effect of students’ problem solving skills on achievement in the chemical reaction rate and the effect of temperature and concentration on the reaction rate subjects is investigated; students are from several different departments. Quasy experimental design was used in this research. SPSS 11, 5 packet program was used to evaluate the data. Independent sample t-test was used to compare the post test scores of groups and it was not found a statistically meaningful difference. One-way ANOVA analysis is used to find out whether there is a difference in results of post-test, aimed to measure students’ problem solving skills, with regard to departments where students are studying. According to the result of ANOVA test there was statistically significant difference in control groups’ post-test scores considering the departments of students whereas there was not significant difference in the post-test scores of experimental group. Additionally, the effect of problem solving skills on achievements of female and male students was investigated and a situation in favor of females students was observed.

Help for the Significant Others of Bulimics

A quasi‐experimental design was used to assess the effects of a 5‐week assistance program for the significant others of bulimics. A knowledge test, an attitude survey, and a behavior device were used to evaluate the effects of the program. One or more of the three instruments was administered to an experimental group of significant others before (pretest) and after (posttest) they attended the assistance program. One or more of the three instruments was also administered to a control group of significant others before (pretest) and after (posttest) a 5‐week period. During this period they did not attend the assistance program. No significant difference was found between the pretest and posttest scores of the control group on the three instruments at the .05 probability level. Experimental group posttest scores were significantly higher than their pretest scores on the three instruments at the .05 probability level. An anonymous evaluation conducted following the program also indicated significant others who attended the program found it to be beneficial.