Experimental Analysis Of Mechanical Properties Research Articles

Experimental Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Fiber Reinforced Cenosphere Lightweight Concrete with Higher Temperature Effect

The aim of this research is to explore the impact of polypropylene fibers and glass fibers on the mechanical characteristics of lightweight concrete when subjected to elevated temperatures. Different fiber ratios ranging from 0.25% & 0.50% by volume of concrete were tested to evaluate their impact on various concrete mixtures. Cenosphere is lightweight material as used with cement as bonding material. Pumice aggregate, which is known for its lightweight properties, was utilized as the coarse aggregate. The study aimed to explore various characteristics of lightweight concrete such as slump value, unit weight, and compressive, tensile, and flexural strength. The concrete samples were subjected to different temperatures ranging from 200°C to 400°C for two hours. The findings revealed that the addition of glass fibers improved the tensile strength of the concrete and enhanced the compressive and flexural strength of the lightweight concrete. However, the incorporation of polypropylene fibers resulted in more cracks and pore formation in the concrete. Additionally, the compressive and flexural strength of the concrete decreased with an increase in temperature up to 400°C.

Experimental analysis of mechanical properties of e-waste composite materials with dual glass fibers

This study aimed to evaluate the mechanical characteristics and application of e-waste as a filler for glass fiber composites made of S and E (e-waste + S E). Metal, printed circuit boards, integrated circuits, diodes, and transistors were separated from the e-waste filler during milling. S and E glass fiber, epoxy, and filler were utilized in proportions of 10%, 10%, and 70%, respectively, on a volume basis. The hand lay-up technique was used to construct composite specimens. Scanning electron microscope analysis was used to gauge how filler loading affected the morphology of composite materials. The composite has a compressive strength of 23.760 MPa, which is 69.71% higher than the Geo poly composite. The tensile strength of this composite is withstood up to 16.078 MPa. It has 53% better tensile properties than Sunflower Husk composites with the same operating conditions. It gives a resistance up to 42 D during hardness test to withstand. It was 15.6% better than the NF30% epoxy composite specimen. The e-waste + S E composite gives a great opposite force of up to 2 kJ on the impact load test.; it was 86.9% higher than fly ash epoxy composites.

Retracted: Experimental Analysis of Mechanical Properties and Durability of Cement-Based Composite with Carbon Nanotube

Retracted: Experimental Analysis of Mechanical Properties and Durability of Cement-Based Composite with Carbon Nanotube

Optimization and experimental analysis of mechanical properties and porosity on FDM based 3D printed ABS sample

A basic thermoplastic used in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) additive manufacturing methods is acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS). However, the mechanical qualities of ABS components may be regulated by their porosity. This study aims to optimize the FDM process parameters to minimize porosity and increase ABS parts' tensile and compressive strengths. The experiment has been designed based on Taguchi's philosophy. The machining parameters have been considered as Extrusion multiplier, Temperature (oC), and Layer thickness (mm). The machining output has been analyzed using the mean effect plot. Furthermore, a hybrid optimization called grey relational analysis (GRA) and genetic algorithm (GA) is used to obtain the optimum parameter setting. the multi-optimization parameter setting is achieved as extrusion multiplier = 1, temperature = 240 °C, and layer thickness = 0.1 mm. The confirmation is also conducted to verify the optimum parameter setting. The findings showed that the suggested approach effectively enhanced the FDM process parameters for ABS components, leading to better mechanical characteristics and decreased porosity.

Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Mechanical Properties in Hybrid Epoxy-Basalt Composites Partially Reinforced with Cellulosic Fillers.

The current work is focused on numerical and experimental studies of woven fabric composites modified by hybridisation with biological (cellulosic) filler materials. The mechanical performance of the composites is characterized under tensile, bending and impact loads and the effect of hybridisation is observed with respect to pure and nonhybrid composites. Numerical models are developed using computational tools to predict mechanical performance under tensile loading. The computational prediction results are compared and validated with relevant experimental results. This research is aimed at understanding the mechanical performance of basalt-epoxy composites partially reinforced with micro-/nano-sized bio-fillers from cellulose and intended for various application areas. Different weave structures, e.g., plain, twill, matt, etc., were investigated with respect to the mechanical properties of the hybrid composites. The effects of hybridizing with cellulose particles and different weave patterns of the basalt fabric are studied. In general, the use of high-strength fibres such as basalt along with cellulosic fillers representing up to 3% of the total weight improves the mechanical performance of the hybrid structures. The thermomechanical performance of the hybrid composites improved significantly by using basalt fabric as well as by addition of 3% weight of cellulosic fillers. Results reveal the advantages of hybridisation and the inclusion of natural cellulosic fillers in the hybrid composite structures. The material developed is suitable for high-end applications in components for construction that demand advanced mechanical and thermomechanical performance. Furthermore, the inclusion of biodegradable fillers fulfills the objectives of sustainable and ecological construction materials.

Experimental analysis of mechanical properties of in-situ formed MMC from Al/TiB2/Cu and Al/TiB2

The In-situ formed Metal Matrix composites 94% of Al & 6% of TiB2 and 90% of Al, 6 % of TiB2 and 4 % of Cu are examined in this study. Both composites underwent testing after being produced using the stir casting technique. To make the composite, a melt of A356 Aluminum is combined with potassium tetra fluoro boreate (K2TiF6) and potassium hexafluoro titanate (KBF4), the precursor salts at the temperature of 820 °C, stirring condition of 300 rpm, and a 30 min choking time. The stoichiometric ratios of these salts translate into 6% of TiB2 particles by weight. The composite melt was added with 4 wt% of copper powder and the poured into the permanent mould. Utilizing XRD and optical microscopy, the TiB2 and Cu particles in the metal matrix composite were studied. Mechanical properties tensile strength, hardness, and fracture toughness are tested according to ASTM standards. The mechanical properties of the In- situ formed metal matrix composite with Copper Al/6 wt% TiB2/4 wt% Cu are higher than that of the composite Al/6 wt% TiB2.

Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Natural-Fiber-Reinforced Hybrid Polymer Composites and the Effect on Matrix Material.

The impact of matrix material on the mechanical properties of natural-fiber-reinforced hybrid composites was studied by comparing their experimental, and numerical analysis results. In the present work hemp and flax fibers were used as reinforcement and epoxy resin and ecopoxy resin along with hardener were used as matrix materials. To study the influence of the matrix material, two sets of hybrid composites were fabricated by varying the matrix material. The composite samples were fabricated by using the compression-molding technique followed by a hand layup process. A total of five different composites were fabricated by varying the weight fraction of fiber material in each set based on the rule of the hybridization process. After fabrication, the mechanical properties of the composite samples were tested and morphological studies were analyzed by using SEM-EDX analysis. The flexural-test fractured specimens were analyzed by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, theoretical analysis of the elastic properties of hybrid composites was carried out by using the Halpin–Tsai approach. The results showed that the hybrid composites had superior properties to individual fiber composites. Overall, epoxy resin matrix composites exhibited superior properties to ecopoxy matrix composites.

Experimental Analysis of Mechanical Properties and Durability of Cement-Based Composite with Carbon Nanotube

In order to study the mechanical properties and durability of cement-based composite with carbon nanotube, the test and analysis experiments are designed. Raw materials and related pharmaceutical instruments are prepared, to obtain cement-based composite with carbon nanotube samples by catalytic pyrolysis according to different proportions. The prepared sample is taken as the experimental object, and different bearing capacities are applied on different positions of the sample, to observe the change of the sample, and then, the experimental results of the mechanical properties of composite materials are obtained. The durability test results are obtained by combining the impermeability and frost resistance of the test object. The average compressive strength is 84.09 MPa, the average flexural strength is 16.9 MPa, and the crack resistance index is 22.5. In addition, the structure and diffusion coefficient of the sample also change in different degrees after the solution immersion and freeze-thaw treatment. Through longitudinal comparison, the more the carbon nanotubes are added into cement-based composite, the better its mechanical properties and durability are.

A multiscale experimental analysis of mechanical properties and deformation behavior of sintered copper\u2013silicon carbide composites enhanced by high-pressure torsion

Experiments were conducted to investigate, within the framework of a multiscale approach, the mechanical enhancement, deformation and damage behavior of copper–silicon carbide composites (Cu–SiC) fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) and the combination of SPS with high-pressure torsion (HPT). The mechanical properties of the metal–matrix composites were determined at three different length scales corresponding to the macroscopic, micro- and nanoscale. Small punch testing was employed to evaluate the strength of composites at the macroscopic scale. Detailed analysis of microstructure evolution related to SPS and HPT, sample deformation and failure of fractured specimens was conducted using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. A microstructural study revealed changes in the damage behavior for samples processed by HPT and an explanation for this behavior was provided by mechanical testing performed at the micro- and nanoscale. The strength of copper samples and the metal–ceramic interface was determined by microtensile testing and the hardness of each composite component, corresponding to the metal matrix, metal–ceramic interface, and ceramic reinforcement, was measured using nano-indentation. The results confirm the advantageous effect of large plastic deformation on the mechanical properties of Cu–SiC composites and demonstrate the impact on these separate components on the deformation and damage type.

Experimental analysis of mechanical properties of graphene/kenaf/basalt reinforced hybrid nanocomposites using response surface methodology

In this study, the flexural strength and elastic modulus of polypropylene-based nanocomposites reinforced with graphene nanosheets, basalt, and kenaf fiber were investigated. Response surface methodology based on Box–Behnken design was used as the experimental design. The blends fabricated in three levels of parameters include 0, 0.75, and 1.5 wt% graphene nanosheets, 0, 7.5, and 15 wt% basalt fibers, and 0, 7.5, and 15 wt% kenaf, prepared by an internal mixer and a hot press machine. The fiber length was 5 mm and was being constant for all samples. Flexural and tensile tests were conducted to determine the blend properties. The addition of graphene nanosheets to 0.75 wt% increased the flexural strength by 12% and a graphene addition up to 1.5 wt% reduced flexural strength by 6%. The addition of graphene nanosheets to 1.5 wt% increased the elastic modulus by 37%. The addition of basalt fiber up to 15 wt% increased the flexural strength and elastic modulus by 13% and 61%, respectively. The addition of kenaf fiber up to 15 wt% increased the flexural strength by 18% and the elastic modulus by 46%. Finally, samples were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy to check the dispersion of graphene nanosheets, basalt, and kenaf fibers in the polymeric matrix.

Further investigation of the repetitive failure in an aircraft engine cylinder head - Mechanical properties of Aluminum alloy 242.0

Aluminum alloys are widely used in military and aviation industry due to their properties such as low density and high strength. During the aircraft operation there are mechanical failures of various structural components caused by numerous mechanisms such as corrosion, material defects, high cycle fatigue and the like. One of the frequent mechanical failures on air-cooled piston engines is the cylinder head cracking. This paper is the continuation a comprehensive research of the Lycoming IO-360-B1F aircraft cylinder head failure. The failure of this type has already occurred during flight and about 50 failures like this have been registered from around the world, some of them with a fatal outcome and therefore require detailed research. The paper consists of machining of the tested specimens and their testing at many different locations and in many different laboratories throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Slovenia. This paper is based on a research that includes the experimental analysis of mechanical properties of Aluminum alloy 242.0 which is a constituent material of the cylinder head of the Lycoming IO-360-B1F aircraft engine on which a crack appeared. Based on chemical, metallographic, static and dynamic experimental tests of the material properties, Aluminum alloy 242.0 static and fatigue properties were obtained, S-N curve was formed and endurance limit was determined. Results of numerical simulations of experiments, confirmed by experimental results, were performed to make numerical procedures reliable due to further research. The results of the research are planned to be implemented in numerical modeling of the cylinder assembly stress-strain state under workload and in further numerical research of Lycoming IO-360-B1F cylinder assembly integrity assessment.

Micromechanical and experimental analysis of mechanical properties of graphene/CNT epoxy composites

Amine functionalized multilayer graphene (Af-MLG) and amine functionalized multi wall carbon nano tube (CNT) (Af-MWCNT) were fabricated by sonication method, maintaining the ratio of both the nano fillers as 1:1 and were termed as hybrid fillers due to its composition. The effects of both these fillers on the mechanical properties of epoxy composites were researched upon. Hybrid composite samples were characterized using Scanning electron microscope (SEM) for morphology study. The mechanical behaviour of graphene reinforced epoxy based composites (Gr/Ep-C) were studied using continuum based micromechanical models such as Halpin –Tsai (H-T) and Mori –Tanaka (M−T). The mechanical properties were depicted graphically. The variation in properties have been evaluated with respect to filler weight fraction and aspect ratio using a well defined MATLAB code. The ratio of longitudinal and transverse modulus to the modulus of matrix was then plotted with weight fraction and aspect ratio. When weight fraction and aspect ratio were increased from 0 to 10% and 0–1000 for H-T and M-T models an expected enhancement in the ratio of longitudinal modulus to the modulus of matrix was noticed.

Experimental Analysis of mechanical properties of Aluminium Alloy 2219 reinforced with Si3N4

Composite material is less in weight, high in strength, or also less costly. Composite material is generally a mixture of two or more same or different metals. We can use composite metal in different mechanical sector, because of their multipurpose uses. In this work, we propose an Aluminium alloy 2219 based metal matrix composite with controlled distribution of silicon nitride to fabricate specimens with different composition of silicon nitride for the investigation of mechanical behaviour of the same. The fabrication of the composite is done by means of Stir Casting Process. The mechanical behaviour of the entire specimen is investigated such as change in microstructure, hardness test and compression test, to compare its result with existing composite materials. The work is intended to produce a totally new composite material with various composition of reinforcement and to investigate their mechanical properties. The article present in the abstract contains an example of silicon nitride with aluminium alloy 2219 model and a result of simulation.

Experimental Analysis of Mechanical Properties, Wear and Corrosion Characteristics of IS500/7 Grade Ductile Iron Casting

In the present research investigation, ductile iron castings conforming to IS500/7 grade casting were produced using green sand moulds. The castings were produced in a regular production foundry using 1.25T Induction Furnace. The molten metal was subjected to standard desulphurisation and modularisation to get graphite in the nodular form. Based on the earlier investigation by the above group the castings were austenitised at 900oC for 120minutes and quenched in a salt bath consisting of potassium nitrate and sodium nitratein the ratio of 55:45 and maintained at 310oC for 120 minutes to bring about austempering treatment. The result in austempered ductile iron will consist of graphite nodules in a matrix of bainite[1,2]. The effect of austempering heat treatment on microstructure, mechanical properties[13,14] andwear characteristics were studied and compared with the as-cast condition. Mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength, % elongation, hardness and impact strength were determined. Wear tests were carried out to determine the weight loss of specimens; using pin on disc type machine. Wear test was held for different loads viz. 300 gm, 400 gm and 500 gm and different speeds conditions viz. 950 r.p.m, 1430 r.p.m and 2130 r.p.m. Corrosion tests were carried out to determine corrosion rate at different viz. 35°C & 45°C temperature for increasing duration viz. 2 hours to 24 hours. The results of the research investigation indicate that the heat treated castings shows higher Ultimate Tensile Setength values (54.86% increase), elongation values (64.32% increase) and Brinell hardness values (19.03% increases) as compared to the ascast condition of casting. From the dry sliding wear studies, it is seen that heat treated specimen’s shows higher resistance to wear compared to the ascast specimens and corrosion rate & weight loss due to corrosion in heat treated condition is less compared to ascast ones.

Experimental analysis of mechanical properties of stir casted aluminium-graphene nanocomposites

Aluminium (Al) based materials are widely used in aerospace and automobile industries due to its higher strength to weight ratio. Under fatigue loading the components are prone to failure, which is one of the key factors in designing the components. In the present study, Graphene (Gr) is added to Al at different weight percentages (1%, 2% and 3%) using stir casting. Tensile strength and fracture toughness of the composites were determined using tensile testing of Dogbone specimens and plane strain fracture toughness testing of C (T) speci-mens in mode-I, respectively. The result showed that for Al-Gr nanocomposites, with the increase in Graphene percentages, tensile strength was found to be in-creased however the fracture toughness was decreased. It is also found that the manufacturing method followed in the present work to be cost effective method for Al-Gr nano composite. The analysis of different tests suggests that the addition of 2wt% Graphene found to be the saturation point in the nanocomposites and any further addition of Graphene can lead to the degradation in the quality of composite.

Experimental Analysis of Mechanical Properties, Wear and Corrosion Characteristics of IS400/12 Grade Ductile Iron Casting

In the present research investigation, ductile iron castings conforming to IS400/12 grade casting were produced using green sand moulds. The castings were produced in a regular production foundry using 1.25T Induction Furnace. The molten metal was subjected to standard desulphurisation and modularisation to get graphite in the nodular form. The molten metal was poured into the sand mould and allowed to solidify. Based on the earlier investigation by the above group the castings were austenitised at 900oC for 120minutes and quenched in a salt bath consisting of potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate in the ratio of 55:45 and maintained at 310oC for 120 minutes to bring about austempering treatment. The result in austempered ductile iron will consist of graphite nodules in a matrix of bainite[1,2]. The effect of austempering heat treatment on microstructure, mechanical properties and wear characteristics were studied and compared with the ascast condition. Mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength, percentage elongation, hardness and impact strength were determined. Wear tests were carried out to determine the weight loss of specimens; using pin on disc type machine. Wear test was held for different loads viz. 300 gm, 400 gm and 500 gm and different speeds conditions viz. 950 r.p.m, 1430 r.p.m and 2130 r.p.m. The results of the research investigation indicate that the heat treated castings shows higher Ultimate Tensile Setength values (35.93% increase), elongation values (24.2% increase) and Brinell hardness values (12.05% increases) as compared to the as-cast condition of casting. From the dry sliding wear studies, it is seen that heat treated specimens shows higher resistance to wear compared to the ascast specimens.

Experimental Analysis of Mechanical Properties on Concrete with Nano Silica Additive

In the current scenario nanotechnology and nanomaterials are emerging as key role in engineering and medical industries. The objective of this research is to increase the usage of fly ash in concrete to enhance the strength properties of concrete mixed with nano silica and to reduce the emission control caused by CO2discharged from cement manufacturing industries. The strength properties of concrete mixture is enhanced with nano size particles filled the voids amoung micron size cement particle, and hence a denser concrete mixture was being attained. Fly ash is used for partial replacement of cement to enhance the environmental sustainability and to reduce the cost. This research work focussed on preparation of nano silica mixed concrete with replacement of fly ash in concrete mixture. Nano silica was added in addition to the above by 1% and 2% to improve the overall strength properties. Different experimental analysis were carried out to obtained the results such as compression strength, ultimate divide tensile strength and elastic modulus of the enriched concrete mixture. From the observed results it was found that, compression strength was increased by adding 1% nano silica and 25% of fly ash and also increased the ultimate tensile strength by 28%. Scanning Electrom Microscope (SEM) results reveal that, the incorporation of the nano silica in concrete increases the mechanical properties and porosity was successfully minimized with enhancement of pore size distribution.

Experimental analysis of mechanical properties and microstructure of long glass fiber reinforced polypropylene processed by rapid heat cycle injection molding

Rapid heat cycle molding (RHCM) of reinforced thermoplastics is increasingly used in order to obtain high surface quality on structural parts. In this work, the effect of RHCM on both microstructure and ultimate tensile strength of polypropylene reinforced with 30 wt% long glass fibers was investigated. Micro X-ray computed tomography was employed to allow a non-destructive assessment of fibers orientation and internal porosity, while optical measurements were used to evaluate the residual fibers length distribution. The experimental results indicated that an increase of injection velocity always results in a decrease of ultimate tensile stress, due to higher fiber breakage. This effect is partly attenuated at low mold temperature, due to an increase of fiber orientation. On the other hand, when using RHCM an increase of injection velocity results in a greater decrease of ultimate tensile stress, due to the reduction of both fiber length and fiber orientation.

Experimental analysis of mechanical properties of aluminium alloy weldments by friction welding process under cryogenic treatment

ABSTRACTThe present study explores the mechanical and metallurgical properties of friction-welded dissimilar aluminium joints, namely AA6061-T6 and AA7079-T6 which were investigated with the use of a process parameter such as frictional pressure, upset pressure, speed, burn-off length. The parameters are varied according to L9 orthogonal array with three levels. The samples are subjected to non-destructive test to identify the weld integrity without disturbing the component which ensures the weld metals for fitness-for-purpose. Mechanical and metallurgical properties such as tensile strength, hardness and micro structure with 100× and 500× were taken to validate the process. Shallow cryogenic treatment was conducted with different time periods (48 and 72 h). There was no significant improvement rather than reduction in tensile strength for 48 h, but for 72 h, there was an increase in maximum tensile strength of 224 MPa. The welded zone showed complete fusions with some inter metallic phases that are obtained.

Testing equipment for experimental analysis of mechanical properties of textile materials

The regular equipment for testing of textile materials does not facilitate the elongation of threads at a frequency corresponding to the frequency of loading during technological process, and it does not allow for clamping a thread of the corresponding length. In the Technical University Liberec there has been built a testing equipment for experimental analysis of deformation characteristics of textile materials during cyclical loading at a wide range of frequencies (VibTex), and there has been devised the methodology for realisation of experimental measuring and processing of the measured data. The submitted paper explains this experimental equipment for simulation of thread loading, which has been created in the Technical University Liberec for analysis of behaviour of textile materials at high loading frequencies.