Experiment In Argentina Research Articles

Labor Market Discrimination Based on Gender and the Place of Residence: A Randomized Experiment in Argentina

This papers studies the presence of discrimination in terms of gender and socioeconomic level of the place of residence in Argentina. In order to assess the existence of discrimination in these dimensions, we submitted approximately 2700 fictitious Curriculum Vitae (CV) for real job vacancies published daily in an important Argentine job-search website. A set of realistic and representative resumes without effectively using resumes that belong to actual job seekers, which were equivalent in terms of qualifications and employment experience were sent out, varying the gender and residential area. We estimated a binary choice model to identify differences in callbacks depending on gender and socioeconomic level of the place of residence. A simple descriptive analysis of our data and also our formal econometric estimations do not suggest evidence of discrimination based on gender. However, our results do suggest evidence of discrimination in terms of socioeconomic level of the place of residence which seems to be important in magnitude.

Physiological Maturity in Wheat Based on Kernel Water and Dry Matter

Estimation of the time of physiological maturity could be beneficial to avoid yield penalties due to lodging, sprouting, hail, and other harvest risks. The aim of our study was to evaluate a simple empirical relationship (model) to determine physiological maturity by simultaneously analyzing the water and dry matter dynamics of wheat kernels. An experiment was conducted in which two cultivars with different kernel mass potential were sown on four dates. Fresh and dry kernel mass from different positions in the spike were measured twice weekly. To validate the regression model, measured and calculated data from different cultivars, growing seasons, and kernel positions were compared. A negative linear relationship between kernel dry matter (relative to final kernel mass) and kernel water concentration was determined. This showed that in wheat, physiological maturity is reached at 37% of kernel water concentration. Validation of the regression model was done using data from field experiments in Argentina and Mexico, and from controlled‐conditions experiments reported in the literature. The regression model successfully simulated results from field experiments (.) In addition, data from controlled‐conditions experiments showed the same negative linear relationship between relative kernel dry matter and kernel water concentration (), and the model achieved a good fit for measured data (). This regression model is proposed for use by farmers and crop managers, who can simply measure grain humidity with grain moisture meters.

Regulatory trade-offs in the design of concession contracts

The paper discusses how conflicts between the multiple objectives of policy-makers (efficiency, equity, fiscal, speed of reform, signalling, etc.) can influence the optimal design of concessions contract for network services in infrastructure. The discussion covers the relevance of information asymmetries for the optimal regulatory regime and processes, for the optimal design of awarding processes and for the optimal duration of the contracts. It also addresses the design of pricing in relation with the universal service obligation. It concludes with an illustration of the preceding economic principles with some stylized facts from the liberalization experiment in Argentina.

U.S. Hegemony Under Siege: Class, Politics, and Development in Latin America.

From Menem's new Thatcherite experiment in Argentina, through Fujimori's unexpected victory in Peru, to Collor's near defeat at the hands of the rapidly growing Workers' Party of Brazil, Latin American politics is once again in turmoil. Whilst military dictators have been dumped from office, their liberal and populist replacements have found television exposure and playboy reputations insufficient to hold together societies still remorselessly squeezed insufficient to hold together societies still remorselessly squeezed by United States foreign policy. But US influence in the subcontinent is not only under siege from the impoverished masses of increasingly unstable states; it is also threatened by intensifying superpower competition as Japan and a unifying Europe mount their challenges for world dominance. In this wide-ranging and original polemic, Petras and Morley examine the social structures which emerged from neo-liberal economic policy during the 1970s and 1980s. they show how Latin American society is increasingly organized around a continental bourgeoisie maintaining high levels of foreign investment, a national bourgeoisie operating on the margins of legality and committed to both economic deregulation and public-sector activity, and a growing class of low-paid and poorly employed workers subject to the demands of export-oriented capital into international financial circuits is matched by technical and intellectual integration, with a collapse into conformity of formerly critical groupings. For students and the interested general reader, this balanced and rigorous analysis of state power and social form provides a substantial new framework in which to consider the exigent questions of US-Latin American relations.

A Field Method for Predicting Yield Losses in Maize Caused by Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense)

The objective of this research was to modify the senior author's previously developed method for predicting yield losses in maize crops attributable to johnsongrass. The new method is based on the following assumptions: a) relative leaf frequency determines relative biomass; b) total biomass is constant despite the crop/weed ratio; and c) biomass, and therefore leaf frequency, are related to grain yield. Experiments in Argentina from 1986 to 1989 supported the above hypotheses, and the new method was more accurate than the old for predicting relative species biomass in johnsongrass/maize mixtures. Maize grain yield reductions associated with weed interference were also more accurately predicted.

Shading effects on the yield of an Argentinian wheat cultivar

SUMMARYShading treatments of 50% of the incident radiation were applied to the semidwarf wheat cultivar Leones INTA before and after anthesis in two field experiments in Argentina in 1987 and 1988. The treatments reduced biological (above-ground dry matter) yield, grain yield and number of grains/m2. Number of grains/m2 was closely and linearly correlated with ear dry weight at anthesis and with the photothermal quotient, calculated from 20 days before to 10 days after anthesis. Grain yield was sink limited, and the shading treatments reduced sink strength. The contribution of preanthesis assimilates to grain yield was smaller in the shaded crops than in the unshaded controls; in unshaded crops, almost 40% of grain yield was contributed by preanthesis assimilates whilst in preanthesis shaded crops this contribution was negligible. The proportion of preanthesis assimilates contributed to the grain was closely related to the decrease in stem dry weight during grain filling. The effects of shading on main stems and tillers were the same.