Experiences Scale Research Articles

Assessing satisfaction in simulation among nursing students: psychometric properties of the Satisfaction with Simulation Experience - Italian Version scale

BackgroundThe Satisfaction with Simulation Experience scale is a 5-point Likert scale that measures students’ satisfaction in medium and high-fidelity simulation scenarios. This study aims at investigating the psychometric properties of the Satisfaction with Simulation Experience - Italian Version scale.MethodsA multi-centre cross-sectional study was conducted. The scale was administered to a sample of 266 undergraduate nursing students from two Italian universities after attending a medium- and high-fidelity simulation session in November 2022 and March 2023. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and item-total correlation were sorted out to assess internal consistency and reliability. The test-retest method was used as a measure of scale stability over time as well as the confirmatory factor analysis to verify construct validity.ResultsThe Cronbach’s alpha value was 0.94 for the overall scale, indicating excellent reliability, and it was 0.84 or higher for each subscales, indicating good reliability. A large correlation coefficient of 0.60 or higher was found between each item and its subscale and between each item and the overall scale score. A medium test-retest correlation coefficient was found for most items (r > 0.30). The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the factorial structure found in the original study.ConclusionsSatisfaction is an important teaching and learning quality indicator along with the achievement of learning outcomes in simulation. The Satisfaction with Simulation Experience - Italian Version scale showed good reliability and validity; therefore, it could be a useful tool to assess simulation impact in Italian nursing students. The extensive utilization of the Satisfaction with Simulation Experience scale, along with its various validated versions, could facilitate assessing satisfaction in simulation across diverse contexts and enable comparisons of findings across studies in different countries.

The Mediating Role of Resilience in the Relationship between Social Exclusion and Sleep Parameters in Refugee Children

Background: This study was conducted to examine the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between social exclusion and sleep status of refugee children. Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive and relational study. The data were obtained through “Child Information Form”, “Ostracism Experience Scale for Adolescents”, “Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children” and “Child and Youth Resilience Measure”. A total of 791 refugee children were included in the study. The mediating role of resilience in the relationship between social exclusion and sleep status of refugee children was examined with Process Macro programme. Results: Social exclusion has a statistically significant positive effect on sleep disturbance (β1=0.960; p<0.001). 92% of the change in sleep disturbance score is explained by social exclusion score (R2=0.920). The resilience is significantly negatively correlated with social exclusion (β1=-0.920; p<0.001). The social exclusion explains 84% of the resilience score (R2=0.840). If social exclusion increases by one point, there will be a 0.430 increase in sleep disturbance scores β1=0.430; p<0.001). If resilience increases by one point, there will be a 0.570 decreases in sleep disturbance scores β1=-0.570; p<0.001). The social exclusion and resilience scores explain 98% of sleep disturbance scores (R2 = 0.980). Conclusions: In our study, it was found that children’s resilience status played an important mediating role in the relationship between social exclusion and sleep status. It was detected that children with good adaptation skills and coping capacities had less impairment in sleep quality and duration. It was found that refugee children who were isolated and excluded from the society were negatively affected with respect to their sleep patterns whereas children who were not excluded and ignored in the society they lived in had better coping skills and fewer sleep disturbances.

Sexual Experiences, Exaggeration of Physical Senses and Alexithymia in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis

Aim: Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic illness associated with physical discomfort. Evaluation of the accompanying mental illnesses and adding them to the treatment process will contribute positively to the healing process of the patients. Our study sought to add to the body of literature concerning mental health issues in individuals with ankylosing spondylitis. Material and Methods: The research was a cross-sectional and observational study and a total of 54 patients with ankylosing spondylitis and 51 healthy controls were included in the study. The Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and the Physical Senses Exaggeration Scale were administered to the participants. Results: When comparing the scale scores between the patient and control groups, Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale total score (p= 0.002), Exaggeration of Physical Senses Scale total score (p= 0.006), Toronto Alexithymia Scale total score (p

Flourishing in Education: Psychometric Properties of the Flourishing Scale in a Sample of Romanian Teachers.

The Flourishing Scale (FS) is one of the most well-known tools for assessing psychological flourishing. However, its psychometric properties have been little analyzed in the case of teachers. This study aimed to examine the validity of the scale in the case of a sample of Romanian teachers and to analyze the latter's level of flourishing. In this regard, 323 Romanian teachers from the pre-university education system were recruited. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to assess the construct validity of the scale, and Cronbach's α and McDonald's ω indices were used to assess internal consistency. The convergent validity was assessed by associating the FS with other instruments related to well-being: the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form and the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience. Network analysis was performed to examine the items that are particularly influential in the scale. As a result of the CFA, the one-factor structure of the scale was certified (χ2/df = 1.39; CFI = 0.99; RMSEA = 0.035). The internal consistency is excellent (both α and ω = 0.89). The FS correlates with both of the scales which operationalize components of well-being. The teachers' flourishing level is above average. The network approach showed that the items related to self-acceptance, optimism, and respect had the highest indicators of centrality, and the item related to supportive social relationships was the least informative in the network. For the male subsample, flourishing means optimism about the future and respect for others, and for the female respondents, it is related to self-acceptance and respect. The results provide support for using the scale in assessing flourishing among teachers.

The relationship between adverse childhood experiences and social anxiety disorder symptoms: the mediating role of rumination

This study aimed to examine the mediating role of rumination in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and social anxiety disorder symptoms. In this study, which was conducted with correlational design, one of the quantitative research methods, 878 participants were reached. 78.2% of the participants are women and 21.8% are men. In the study, self-report scales consisting of a personal information form, adverse childhood experiences scale, rumination scale, and Liebowitz social anxiety scale were administered to the participants. The analysis of the data regarding the research findings was carried out using the SPSS 25 package program. First of all, the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and social anxiety and rumination was examined; Then, parallel multi-agent analysis and serial intermediary analyses were performed using the Process V4.2 extension (Model 4). According to the findings, it was found that there was a significant positive relationship between adverse childhood experiences, social anxiety disorder symptoms, and rumination variables. It has also been observed that rumination has a mediating role in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and social anxiety disorder symptoms. Examining the role of rumination in the relationship between childhood adverse events and social anxiety symptoms may help develop new interventions targeting SAD and expand the literature on the cognitive, behavioral, and affective vulnerabilities that early adverse events bring with them.

A Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis of Household Food and Nutrition Insecurity in Stunting and Non-Stunting Toddlers

Background: Stunting, wasting, and underweight are growth disorders in children under 5 years of age due to malnutrition in Indonesia. The level of macronutrient intake is a risk factor that directly influences stunting and wasting. Food insecurity is associated with poverty, malnutrition, and hunger. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze food and nutritional insecurity in households with stunting and non-stunting toddlers, using a multivariate model. Method: This study used a comparative cross-sectional design. Using the Lemeshow formula, 142 samples were obtained from a population of 822 children under five. Food insecurity was measured using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES), diversity using IDDS, and macronutrient intake using 2x24-hour food recall. Stunting, wasting, and underweight were measured based on anthropometry. Bivariate analysis was performed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Food insecurity, energy intake, protein intake, carbohydrate intake, underweight, and maternal nutritional knowledge had a significant relationship with the incidence of stunting in toddlers. These results also showed that the underweight variable was the most dominant cause of stunting because it had the highest OR value of 18.572. The OR value showed that underweight toddlers were 18.572 times more likely to have a stunting nutritional status. Conclusions: Toddlers categorized as underweight face an 18.572 times higher likelihood of experiencing stunting in their nutritional status.

The effects of interaction with audiovisual elements on perceived restoration in urban parks in freezing weather

Urban green spaces, crucial for urban residents’ wellbeing, offer restorative benefits mainly through natural elements, as established in existing literature which were generally conducted in warm weather. Yet, cold weather modifies how both natural and anthropogenic elements appear and function, and hence their impacts on restorativeness may deviate. In cold weather, whether an urban green space would be overall restorative, and which type of elements would be more beneficial remains poorly understood. Here we present the results of a walk experience experiment with 20 participants on three typical landscape routes in a waterside park in a winter city. Participants' restorative experiences and their visual and auditory exposures were evaluated using the Restorative Experience Scale, eye tracker, and binaural acoustic measurement system. By comparing participants’ restorative experience and their visual and auditory exposure, we found that in the cold weather, natural elements vegetation and water surfaces, the appearances of which were subjective to major seasonal changes, ceased to promote restorativeness. Aesthetically pleasing landscape decorations instead promoted the restorativeness of the environment strongly (β = 0.286, p = 0.004). Additionally, soundscape appropriateness (β = 0.320, p = 0.002) and lower environmental loudness (for N5, β = −0.430, p = 0.000) were also strong positive influencers. These collectively explained 49.7 % of the overall restorative experience in a multiple linear regression model (adjusted R2 = 0.497). Our findings should guide the rational wellbeing-directed landscape design of restorative environments in cold regions to allow sustained restorativeness throughout the year.

Sociodemographic Factors and Policy Implications for Improved Food Security

Ensuring food security is a pressing challenge facing East Kalimantan, and practical solutions are necessary. With the impending relocation of Indonesia's capital to this region, it's crucial to evaluate the area's food security in light of projected population growth and economic shifts. Prior to the new capital city project, it's essential to understand East Kalimantan's socio-economic factors to develop policies that strengthen food security for the future. This research uses logistic regression to analyze data from the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) module of the 2021 National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas-BPS). The results show that 14.75% of households experience food insecurity, while 85.25% maintain food security. Factors such as education, family size, land ownership, marital status, employment, residence, and retirement security influence food security status significantly. However, age, gender, and home ownership have little impact. Notably, agricultural workers are more likely to experience food insecurity, while education and land ownership correlate with higher food security. Additionally, larger families are more vulnerable to food insecurity.

Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of the Sexual and Gender Minority Adverse Childhood Experiences Scale Among Sexual Minority Men and Women.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are known determinants of negative health outcomes. Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals have higher ACE scores than non-SGM individuals. The SGM-ACE scale was developed to better assess this population but is not yet validated in SGM subgroups. This study aims to validate the sexual and gender minority adverse childhood experiences (SGM-ACE) scale among sexual minority men (SMM) and sexual minority women (SMW), while testing measurement invariance across both groups. A cross-sectional survey included 530 sexual minority adults (265 men, 265 women) in the United States. Cronbach's alpha established internal consistency reliability. Validity was assessed via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for the SGM-ACE's theoretical structure and Pearson's correlations for concurrent validity with substance use outcomes (alcohol, cannabis, and drugs). Multigroup structural equation modeling (SEM) determined measurement invariance between SMM and SMW. The CFA of the original model exhibited good fit. Fit was improved after removing the institutionalization item, chi-square (χ2) = 14.26, degrees of freedom (df) = 9, p = 0.113, minimum discrepancy (CMIN/df) = 1.59, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.99, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.03, 90% confidence interval (CI): (0.00-0.06), and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.02. Internal consistency reliability was established (α = 0.78). SGM-ACE exhibited weak, yet significant relationships with each substance use outcome. Multigroup SEM indicated measurement invariance between SMM and SMW. This study provides psychometric validation of the SGM-ACE, establishing measurement invariance between SMM and SMW. Future research should explore its utility in diverse SGM minority subgroups.

The relationship between daily spiritual experiences and spiritual health of nursing students: the role of demographic factors

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to identify the relationship between nursing students’ daily spiritual experiences and spiritual health, as well as investigate the role of demographic variables. The cross-sectional study was conducted on 401 nursing students from Medical Sciences Universities in Tehran province in 2021. Data were collected through a demographic questionnaire, the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale, and the Spiritual Health Questionnaire. The findings revealed a significant relationship between students’ daily spiritual experiences and spiritual health (p < .001). Additionally, significant associations were found between daily spiritual experiences and demographic variables such as sex, marital status, place of residence, adherence to religious rituals, economic status, smoking, and alcohol use (p < .05). These results highlight the influence of demographic factors on nursing students’ daily spiritual experiences and spiritual health, emphasising the interconnection between the two. Consequently, it is recommended to prioritise spiritual health as a crucial aspect of holistic spiritual care provision to patients.

Perinatal Loss and Parents' Grief Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Method Research.

Losing a child is a traumatic event, disrupting life's natural cycle, profoundly affecting the family system, and causing enduring grief. Perinatal death, including ectopic pregnancies, miscarriages, stillbirths, and neonatal deaths, exacerbates this distress. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has challenged healthcare systems and supporting services available to individuals in need. Thus, this research explores experiences of parents facing perinatal loss in 2020-2021, further focusing on the pandemic's impact. Using a mixed-methods design with self-reports and qualitative interviews, this paper presents results from the quantitative protocol, involving an update and follow-up of a previous study. It compares measurements across scales: COVID-19: The Impact of Event Scale-Revised; The Prolonged Grief-13; The Parental Assessment of Paternal/Maternal Affectivity; The Dyadic Adjustment Scale (short version); The Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale; and The Inventory of Complicated Spiritual Grief. In the baseline measurement, 45 parents participated (37 mothers and 8 fathers), with 20 (13 mothers and 7 fathers) contributing to the follow-up and 9 engaging in interviews. Baseline results showed higher scores for mothers compared to fathers, with effect sizes ranging from small to medium (ranging from -0.02 to 0.29), though statistical significance was limited due to the small sample size. Multiple regression analysis for distress measures at baseline identified two significant predictors: maternal/paternal affectivity and gestational week. Additionally, positive support from healthcare professionals emerged as a mitigating factor, particularly in relation to Avoidance. A significant reduction in stress measures and parental affectivity was observed at the 6-month follow-up. Qualitative analysis revealed three themes: Shifts in Self-Perception and Post-Loss Growth; Conflicted Relationship with One's Body; and Negative Impact of COVID-19 vs. Unexpectedly Positive Aspects. In conclusion, the findings emphasize the significance of psychological and psychosocial interventions based on meaning-making processes, along with the importance of spiritual care and empowerment for those navigating perinatal loss.

The effect of carbon farming training on food security and development resilience in Northern Ghana

ABSTRACT Carbon farming has recently been advocated for as climate change and variability mitigation and/or adaptation strategy in global agriculture. In this study, we address an important research question of whether carbon farming training can improve household resilience capacity as well as food security by employing internationally standardized indicators. Household resilience capacity and its components are measured using the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO)’s resilience capacity index while the food security measures used include household and child food insecurity experience scale (FIES and CFIES), food consumption score (FCS) and household dietary diversity score (HDDS). We relied on doubly robust treatment effect estimators to account for potential selection bias and heterogeneity. We find that carbon farming training has no statistically significant effect on overall household resilience capacity. However, we find a large and statistically significant effect on key components of resilience (specifically, access to basic services, assets and social safety nets) and a marginal improvement in adaptive capacity. We also find statistically significant effect on FCS and HDDS but not for the other food security indicators (FIES and CFIES). Overall, the results suggest that agricultural training programs, particularly climate change adaptation capacity building initiatives, could improve important welfare measures in developing countries.

Playing for cognition: investigating the feasibility and user experience of a virtual reality serious game for cognitive assessment in children with congenital heart disease

BackgroundIn order to facilitate the development and implementation of innovative technology in clinical practice, it is important to understand the user experience of end-users. Virtual Reality (VR) offers the possibility to assess cognitive functioning in a dynamic environment that simulates real-world situations. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the feasibility of a VR Serious Game for cognitive assessment in school-aged children with congenital heart disease (CHD). The sub-aims were two-fold: (1) to objectively evaluate the feasibility of the VR Serious Game in children with CHD in comparison to typically developing (TD) children and (2) to explore the user experience of both groups following their interaction with the VR Serious Game.ResultsA total of 101 children participated in this study; 98 children were included in the final analysis (CHD: n = 54; TD: n = 47). The VR Serious Game appeared feasible for both children with CHD and TD children, with 88% children completing the innovative VR assessment without encountering any issues. There were no discernible differences in completion rates between groups. Children with CHD reported significantly lower scores than TD children on three user experience scales: Engagement, Flow and Presence. Nonetheless, the scores for Engagement and Flow were still considered "moderate to good". Both groups reported minimal adverse physiological reactions.ConclusionsThe findings suggested that the VR Serious Game was feasible for children with CHD and that the user experience was positive. Future research should investigate the effectiveness of the VR Serious Game compared with a conventional or digital neuropsychological assessment, prioritising the development of novel outcome measures that can better estimate and explain the impact of cognitive impairment on daily functioning.

The Crisis Migration Experience Scale: Developing and validating a tool for Venezuelan youth and adults residing in Colombia.

Although prior research has shown that an array of distinct experiences related to crisis migration are associated with mental health, there is a pressing need for a theory-driven, multidimensional measure to assess the broad spectrum of crisis migration experiences. As such, the present study focused on developing and validating the Crisis Migration Experience Scale (CMES) with a sample of Venezuelan migrants in Colombia. Participants were adolescent (ages 12-17; n = 430) and adult migrants from Venezuela (ages 18+; n = 569). Randomly splitting the adolescent and adult samples in half, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted with 26 original items. After identifying a satisfactory factor structure to generate a 16-item CMES (CMES-16), we examined the associations of the CMES-16 with mental health outcomes. We provide evidence for reliability, factorial validity, and concurrent validity of scores generated by the CMES-16 in a sample of Venezuelan crisis migrants in Colombia. Whereas our a priori conceptualization included seven domains, the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated that four are especially salient: material hardship, desperation, danger, and unplanned departure. Crisis migration is an increasingly important construct frequently referenced in the literature on migrant health and by international humanitarian organizations. The number of crisis migrant groups worldwide is increasing, with Ukrainians and Afghans recently added to the list of such groups, along with Venezuelans, Syrians, South Sudanese, Iraqis, and Central Americans. Developing and validating the CMES-16 with Venezuelan crisis migrants opens up important avenues of research, including work that incorporates other crisis migrant populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Spirituality and Mental Health in Covid-19 Survivors

The COVID-19 pandemic can affect not only the physical but also mental health of the survivors. Particularly, mental health problems may influence their emotional, cognitive, physical, and social aspects. Meanwhile, one of the factors that closely relate to the problems is spirituality. This study aimed to determine the relationship between spirituality and mental health in COVID-19 survivors. The type of the research was descriptive correlation. The research respondents totaled 100 COVID-19 survivors. The sampling technique used simple random sampling. To collect the data, The Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES) was utilized to measure spirituality and The Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) to measure mental health. The results showed that the majority of respondents had a high level of spirituality (52%) and a good mental health (64%). The chi-square test results obtained a P value of 0.003, which means there was a significant relationship between spirituality and mental health in COVID-19 survivors. This research showed that the higher the spirituality, the better the mental health of COVID-19 survivors.

Development of a scale to gain insight into the experience of living with chronic heart failure: The UNAV-Experience of Living with Chronic Heart Failure Scale.

To date, there are no tools for the nursing staff to gain systematic insight on the experience lived by patients with chronic heart failure. The objective of this study was to develop a scale for this purpose. The study was conducted between January 2018 and December 2020 in three Spanish hospitals. The process described by DeVellis was used for the development of the scale. The items were built based on a phenomenological study and a systematic review of the literature. Next, feedback from a panel of experts was obtained, the scale was administered to a sample of patients with chronic heart failure, and a cognitive interview and an observational study were conducted to create the final version of the scale. The first version of the scale had in seven domains and 76 items. After its evaluation by a panel of experts, it was reduced to a second version with six domains and 55 items. Following the administration of Version 2 to 17 patients (58.8% male, mean age 59.53, 70.6% classified as NYHA functional class II), five items were modified and two eliminated. Thus, the third version of the UNAV-CHF Experience Scale was composed of six domains and 53 items. This study presents the development of the UNAV-experience of living with chronic heart failure scale. It is an original and novel instrument that allows systematically explore this experience. A larger-scale study is necessary to confirm the validity of our scale.

Post-stroke sexual dysfunction in males

IntroductionSexual dysfunction (SD) is a commonly overlooked issue following ischemic stroke (IS), influenced by various risk factors including social, psychological, and biological factors. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with SD in adult male patients who have experienced an IS. MethodsA descriptive observational cross-sectional study was conducted in Bogotá, Colombia, involving adult male IS patients. Sociodemographic, medical history, pharmacological history, substances consumption, and time since stroke data were collected. Clinical assessments were performed using the NIHSS score, modified Rankin score (mRankin), pain score, and mood evaluation (Beck inventories). The Arizona Sexual Experience (ASEX) scale and the frequency of sexual encounters were used to assess SD. Results50 males included, mean age 63.2 (±9.7) years. The most prevalent medical comorbidities were arterial hypertension (84%) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) (46%). Anxiety or depression were identified in 48%. The mean scores for the NIHSS, mRankin, and pain were 6, 1, and 1, respectively. The average time from IS to clinical assessment was 6.5 months. Sexual dysfunction was observed in 18 (36%) subjects. Age (OR 1.12, 95% CI: 1.02–1.247) and location of the IS in the cortico-subcortical region of the parietal, temporal, or occipital lobes (OR 13.59, 95% CI: 1.58–405.784) were associated with SD. ConclusionSD affects more than one-third of male patients with IS, age, and IS location identified as key risk factors. Comprehensive assessment of sexual function should be incorporated into this patients.

Perceived control, self-management efficacy, and quality of life in patients treated with radiation therapy for breast cancer: a longitudinal study.

This longitudinal study aims to examine the present state of perceived control, self-management efficacy, and overall quality of life (QoL) in patients with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy, and gain insight into the dynamic trends and factors that influence the quality of life experienced by patients during the course of radiotherapy. Participants completed the Cancer Experience and Efficacy Scale (CEES), Strategies Used by People to Promote Health (SUPPH), and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy- Breast (FACT-B). The data was analyzed using the software SPSS26.0. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and mixed-effects linear models were used to analyze trends in perceived control, self-management efficacy, and QoL at three-time points, as well as factors affecting QoL during radiotherapy. Perceived control and self-management efficacy were associated with QoL over the course of the radiotherapy. Self-management efficacy (β = 0.30, P < 0.001), presence of chemotherapy (β = 18.33, P = 0.024), and duration of illness (β = 2.25, P = 0.028) had a positive effect on the change in QoL, while time (β = - 2.95, P < 0.001), cancer experience (β = - 0.46, P < 0.001), and type of medical insurance (β = - 2.77, P = 0.021) had the negative effect on the change in QoL. The QoL, perceived control, and self-efficacy of patients with breast cancer show dynamic changes during radiotherapy. The higher the self-efficacy, the better the QoL, and the worse the QoL when the sense of disease control is poor. At the same time, more attention should be paid to the QoL of breast cancer radiotherapy patients with a long course of the disease, receiving chemotherapy, and different medical payment methods.

Development and validation of a new measure of school-age bullying experiences for adults: the Bullying and Exclusion Experiences Scale (BEES)

Few options are available for measuring the adult impact of childhood bullying. The Bullying Experiences and Exclusion Scale (BEES) is an 18-item retrospective self-report measure of school-age bullying experiences in three different roles (victim, witness, perpetrator). Its validity was examined in an online survey with 346 participants. Construct validity was examined using a polytomous Rasch model with accompanying principal components analysis and found to be supported. Convergent and discriminant validity were supported based on comparison measures focussing on past school experiences (social support, emotional problems, conduct problems, peer problems, prosocial behaviour), as well as current adult experience of stress, anxiety and depression. Concurrent validity was also supported based on associations with a global self-rating of experience in each bullying role. It was concluded that the BEES meets the need for an easily administered retrospective measure of school age bullying experiences which has relevance to ongoing psychological disturbance and past interpersonal factors.

Exploring the relationship between character strengths and well-being in nursing students: an analysis

PurposeNursing students encounter a combination of academic rigor, clinical demands and emotional hurdles. Juggling coursework, practical training and patient interaction can be stressful, and exposure to such situations may impact their psychological well-being. This study aims to highlight the top strengths among nursing students and identify the strengths associated with well-being.Design/methodology/approachConvenience sampling was used to select a sample of 150 nursing students studying in first, second and third year from colleges of Gujarat and Rajasthan. Students were administered the Values In Action character strengths inventory, the satisfaction with life scale and scale of positive and negative experience. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation.FindingsResults show that among nursing students, kindness emerged as the foremost strength with the highest mean, followed by honesty, creativity, spirituality and teamwork, and the strengths of curiosity, gratitude, perseverance, self-regulation, social intelligence, and zest were positively associated with life satisfaction and positive emotions and negatively related to negative emotions.Research limitations/implicationsThe small sample size was a limitation; however, this study has been conducted at different locations to improve generalizability.Practical implicationsThis study has profound implications for nursing students, both in their personal development and their future roles as health-care professionals, as fostering these attributes can contribute to the students’ growth, well-being and effectiveness as compassionate and competent caregivers. Working on strengths is associated with well-being; therefore, using strengths identified by this study will have a beneficial effect on the students’ well-being.Social implicationsCuriosity and social intelligence, for instance, can help nurses better understand patient needs and emotions, developing strengths like perseverance and self-regulation can equip nursing students with tools to cope effectively with the challenges inherent in health-care settings. Traits such as gratitude and social intelligence can enhance communication and empathy which are vital skills for establishing rapport with patients and their families. Emphasizing teamwork as a strength aligns with the collaborative nature of health care. By embodying values like kindness and spirituality, nursing students can create a more compassionate and meaningful experience for patients, as well as themselves.Originality/valueThe research paper identifies and emphasizes the five character strengths that are most commonly observed in a sample of Indian nursing students. In addition, this study delves deeper into these identified strengths to understand how they relate to the overall well-being of nursing students within this specific population. The existing literature has not explored it exhaustively.