Experiences Of Young People Research Articles

Young people's and adults' views and experiences of decision-making to manage compromised first permanent molars: a qualitative study.

Little information on young people's and adults' views and experiences on decision-making for managing compromised first permanent molars (cFPM) exists. To establish young people's and adults' views and experiences of decision-making for managing cFPM. Face-to-face (online) semi-structured interviews were undertaken using an iteratively designed topic guide. Participants aged 12-65 were purposively sampled with recruitment from different dental clinics (three primary care, an out-of-hours emergency and one dental hospital). Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Three themes were generated from young people's interviews (n = 9): (i) influencing factors; (ii) long-term considerations; and (iii) shared decision-making. Three themes were generated from adults' interviews (n = 13): (i) influences that affect decisions; (ii) perceptions of the specialist's role; and (iii) importance of shared decision-making for children and young people. Several factors influenced decision-making; for young people, professional opinions were important, and parental/peer influences less so. For adults, it was based on decisions on their prior experiences. Adults felt young people were abnormal if referred to a specialist. Young people wanted autonomy in decision-making to be respected; in reality, their views were rarely heard. There is potential to increase young people's involvement in shared decision-making for cFPM, which aligns with their aspirations.

Membangkitkan Semangat Orang Muda Katolik Dalam Berkatekese

Catechesis is an important aspect in building the spirit of young Catholics in their faith formation. This article has a catechetical role in forming the foundations of young people's spiritual life and overcoming challenges in the process of faith development. With reference to Church documents that emphasize the importance of catechesis, this article discusses some strategies that can be used to increase the participation of young people in catechesis, including the use of technology as well as involvement in church activities. The research method used in this article is a qualitative method with an observation and literature study approach. The researcher observes young people in catechesis and collects data from articles, journals, and books that are appropriate to the topic discussed. In addition, the article discusses the challenges that young people face in catechesis, such as a lack of understanding of the relevance of catechesis, academic pressures, as well as the influence of secular culture. Considering these challenges, this article may suggest strategies to overcome the boredom that young people experience in blessing and also the importance of listening to the views and experiences of young people. As such, this article aims to awaken the spirit of parents in blessing and strengthen the foundation of their faith.

Youth representatives as agents of institutional change: the circumscribing effects of role prescriptions in sport governance

ABSTRACT Conceptualising the youth representative as an institutional role, we explore the institutional shaping of youth representatives as change agents in the governance of sport organisations. Focusing on how these shaping conditions who the youth representative can be and what determines the scope of their role fulfilment, including the impact of their work on established institutional orders, allows us to examine the shaping of agency related to governance institutions. Data is drawn from a questionnaire centred on the experiences of young people in sport governance (n = 32) and semi-structured interviews with 10 representatives of organisations affiliated with the Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederations of Sports. The role of the youth representatives is scripted in terms of who the representatives ought to be and what they ought to do. The scripting associated with the operationalisation of this ambition into role pre- and proscriptions stands in stark contrast to the ideal of youth representatives as agents of institutional change. Our study of the scripting of institutional roles has theoretical implications because it shows how normative typifications that link notions of actors with actorhood circumscribe institutional work pertaining to change.

Experiences of Children and Young People with a Disability in Out-of-Home Care in Australia: A Scoping Review

Children with disabilities in out-of-home care (OOHC) are an overrepresented group in Australia, yet little is known about their circumstances, needs, and experiences within OOHC. Utilising a systematic scoping review methodology, we explored the state of knowledge about the experiences of children and young people with a disability in out-of-home care in Australia. Findings in this review speak to the unmet needs and challanges that children with disabilities face in child welfare systems and how systemic failures can lead to institutional pipelines of further maltreatment, adversity, and marginalisation. The review discusses the key themes in the literature, including (i) compounding trauma and placement failures, (ii) concerns of safety, stability, and neglect, (iii) limited control and choice, and (iv) disability and multisystem involvement.

Leveraging Physical Activities to Support Learning for Young People via Technologies: An Examination of Educational Practices Across the Field

Many technological interventions have leveraged physical activity (PA, i.e., activities that involve whole-body movements) to provide young people with active and productive learning experiences. However, there is a lack of systematic understanding of how PA can serve as a learning medium—for example, how PA can support learning and how to design technologies to support PA-based learning. This paper conducts a systematic literature review (N = 141) of PA-based, technology-mediated learning experiences for young people with a focus on how PA supports learning, what technologies are involved, and the associated challenges. Through content analysis, we identified four approaches of how PA and learning were combined (i.e., PA embodied learning content, served as a functional input method for learning tasks, guided learners through different learning sites, and generated data for learning activities) and supporting technologies like full-body interaction learning environments and mobile apps. However, many challenges might arise, such as balancing learning and PA, as well as the scalability and reliability of technologies. We conclude with a discussion and reflection on design implications for more PA-based learning experiences and technologies. Overall, this paper provides a systematic overview of the different ways to design physically active learning experiences for young people and can serve as a reference for future designs of physically active learning experiences and technologies.

Approaches to improving mental health care for autistic children and young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Autistic children and young people (CYP) experience mental health difficulties but face many barriers to accessing and benefiting from mental health care. There is a need to explore strategies in mental health care for autistic CYP to guide clinical practice and future research and support their mental health needs. Our aim was to identify strategies used to improve mental health care for autistic CYP and examine evidence on their acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness. A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out. All study designs reporting acceptability/feasibility outcomes and empirical quantitative studies reporting effectiveness outcomes for strategies tested within mental health care were eligible. We conducted a narrative synthesis and separate meta-analyses by informant (self, parent, and clinician). Fifty-seven papers were included, with most investigating cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based interventions for anxiety and several exploring service-level strategies, such as autism screening tools, clinician training, and adaptations regarding organization of services. Most papers described caregiver involvement in therapy and reported adaptations to communication and intervention content; a few reported environmental adjustments. In the meta-analyses, parent- and clinician-reported outcomes, but not self-reported outcomes, showed with moderate certainty that CBT for anxiety was an effective treatment compared to any comparison condition in reducing anxiety symptoms in autistic individuals. The certainty of evidence for effectiveness, synthesized narratively, ranged from low to moderate. Evidence for feasibility and acceptability tended to be positive. Many identified strategies are simple, reasonable adjustments that can be implemented in services to enhance mental health care for autistic individuals. Notable research gaps persist, however.

Change, Adversity, and Adaptation: Young People's Experience of the COVID-19 Pandemic Expressed through Artwork and Semi-Structured Interviews.

This study explores how young people's mental health was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic using artwork and semi-structured interviews. The mental health impacts of the pandemic are important to understand so that policy and practice professionals can support those affected, prepare and respond to future crises, and support young people who are isolated and restricted in other contexts. Co-designed participatory art workshops and interviews were conducted with 16-18-year-olds (n = 21, 62% female) from the London-based Longitudinal cohort Study of Cognition, Adolescents and Mobile Phones (SCAMP). Artworks and interview transcripts were qualitatively co-and analysed with young people. From interviews, six themes were identified: adaptation, restriction, change, challenges, overcoming adversity, and lockdown life. From the artwork, four themes were identified: trapped, negative mental wellbeing, positive emotions, and technology. Everyday factors such as home environment, social support, hobbies, habits, and online education were key determinants of how challenged and restricted participants felt, and their capacity to overcome this. This demonstrates the importance of wider (social and environmental) determinants and supports a systems-level public health approach to young people's mental health. For example, young people's mental health services should collaborate with other sectors to address such determinants in a holistic way. Clearer guidance and support with occupation, relationships, environment, routine and activities could mitigate the negative mental health impacts of major environmental changes on young people.

"Hurts less, lasts longer"; a qualitative study on experiences of young people receiving high-dose subcutaneous injections of benzathine penicillin G to prevent rheumatic heart disease in New Zealand.

Four-weekly intramuscular (IM) benzathine penicillin G (BPG) injections to prevent acute rheumatic fever (ARF) progression have remained unchanged since 1955. A Phase-I trial in healthy volunteers demonstrated the safety and tolerability of high-dose subcutaneous infusions of BPG which resulted in a much longer effective penicillin exposure, and fewer injections. Here we describe the experiences of young people living with ARF participating in a Phase-II trial of SubCutaneous Injections of BPG (SCIP). Participants (n = 20) attended a clinic in Wellington, New Zealand (NZ). After a physical examination, participants received 2% lignocaine followed by 13.8mL to 20.7mL of BPG (Bicillin-LA®; determined by weight), into the abdominal subcutaneous tissue. A Kaupapa Māori consistent methodology was used to explore experiences of SCIP, through semi-structured interviews and observations taken during/after the injection, and on days 28 and 70. All interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analysed. Low levels of pain were reported on needle insertion, during and following the injection. Some participants experienced discomfort and bruising on days one and two post dose; however, the pain was reported to be less severe than their usual IM BPG. Participants were 'relieved' to only need injections quarterly and the majority (95%) reported a preference for SCIP over IM BPG. Participants preferred SCIP over their usual regimen, reporting less pain and a preference for the longer time gap between treatments. Recommending SCIP as standard of care for most patients needing long-term prophylaxis has the potential to transform secondary prophylaxis of ARF/RHD in NZ and globally.

Royalty, Racism, and Risk

Abstract W. E. B. Du Bois provides a thesis on Black masculinity formation that includes primary traits of this social identity and dynamics that can engender or stymie its development. Yet his framework does not directly reference sexual minorities. This study considers whether and how Du Bois’s framework on masculinity is germane to the experiences of young Black people with diverse sexual identities by assessing whether they recount similar tropes and features. The analysis is theoretically informed by a New Millennium Du Boisian Mode of Inquiry and a qualitative analysis for 168 young Black persons who reside in the South. Three themes emerge that adopt, amplify, and adapt dimensions of Du Bois’s thesis and demonstrate that key aspects of his framework resonate with Black persons excluded from his original work. Despite nuanced sexual identities, it was common for individuals to espouse Du Bosian tenets associated with Black masculinity such as a protector/provider trope, respectability, racial pride, educational attainment, economic mobility, and self-help as well as concerns about racism. These findings inform research on expectations about masculinity into which many men are generally socialized as well as possible hierarchies among intersecting social identities.

Structural and Cultural Othering: An Organizational Culture Perspective on Young People’s Participation in Decision-making in Sport Organizations

The purpose of this article is to examine the role played by organizational culture in young people’s continuing underrepresentation in decision-making bodies, despite structural changes, in the context of Norwegian sport organizations. Data is based on a questionnaire centred on the experiences of young people in sport governance ( n = 32 youth representatives) and semi-structured interviews with young (under 26 years) and older representatives of organizations affiliated with the Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederations of Sports ( n = 10). Findings show that Norwegian sport organizations foster a cultural understanding of young people which takes its structural expression in the separation of elements that are ‘othering’ the youth. Youth have also limited access to resources of power as a result of a lack of trust in older leaders. Prevailing culture mirrors an adult society in which young people need to upgrade their level of professionalism through education before they are invited to decision-making processes.

"People don't have the answers": A qualitative exploration of the experiences of young people with Long COVID.

Young people living with Long COVID are learning to navigate life with a constellation of poorly understood symptoms. Most qualitative studies on experiences living with Long COVID focus on adult populations. This study aimed to understand the experiences of young people living with Long COVID. Qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted (n = 16); 11 young people (aged 13-19) and five parents were recruited from the Children and Young People with Long COVID (CLoCk) study (n = 11) or its patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) group (n = 5). Thematic analysis generated four themes: (i) Unravelling Long COVID: Exploring Symptom Journeys and Diagnostic Dilemmas; (ii) Identity Disruption and Adjustment; (iii) Long COVID's Ripple Effect: the impact on Mental Health, Connections, and Education; and (iv) Navigating Long COVID: barriers to support and accessing services. Treatment options were perceived as not widely available or ineffective, emphasising the need for viable and accessible interventions for young people living with Long COVID.

Memories of schooling amongst trans women and sexuality diverse men in Papua New Guinea

ABSTRACT Drawing from a life history study we examine memories and experience of schooling in Papua New Guinea among 45 trans women and sexuality diverse men. While participants reported regulating their expression of gender and sexuality to ‘fit in’ and avoid physical and verbal abuse at school, others felt able and supported to express their gender and sexuality diversity more freely beyond stereotypical norms. Schools provided a varietyof experience for trans and sexuality diverse youth, unsupportive in many ways but supportive in others. The study highlights the importance of examining the impact of colonial discourses driving homophobia and transphobia in diverse settings, and understanding the socio-cultural climates of schools to identify solutions to the discrimination and violence experienced by trans women and sexuality diverse students. Further research into the current experiences of trans, gender and sexuality diverse young people in school would provide a valuable comparative perspective to our retrospective study.

Making Sense of Change: Emotive-Cognitive Reframing of Young People in Post-crisis Spain

This article explores how people interpret deep transformations, how they integrate them into their everyday meaning-making and what role emotion work plays therein. To do so, the article draws on the experiences of young people (n=68) in post-crisis Spain and their narratives of change. In the wake of the severe economic crisis of 2008, many of them had lost their jobs as well as their future prospects. They experienced a mismatch between their expectations of their (working) life and the actual opportunities on the precarious labour market. Disappointed expectations and crumbling future prospects made it necessary for them to search for explanations and coping strategies. The article proposes the concept of emotive-cognitive reframing to capture the ways in which the young people adapted their emotions, ideas and expectations and the different forms and directions this could take. It shows that emotive-cognitive reframing was a complex and embodied process of emotional and cognitive work in which existing patterns of explanation were questioned and partly replaced by new ones. If these explanations were individualistic in nature, people considered their emotions and how they dealt with them to be a personal matter. In this case, emotion work was more about appeasing and suppressing emotions rather than channelling them into action. If the explanations were systemic, though, emotion work consisted primarily of turning emotions inside out and redirecting them from the individual towards external actors and structural conditions laying the seeds for collective mobilisation.

Supporting the mental health of young people from ethnically diverse groups during the transition from primary to secondary school

Background: The transition from primary to secondary school is a pivotal period in young people’s lives and can significantly impact their mental health. However, the experiences of young people from ethnically diverse groups during this crucial period of physical, social and emotional development are under-researched, limiting the evidence base for meaningful support. Objectives: This study explored the experiences of young people from ethnically diverse groups during primary-secondary school transition and co-designed ideas for culturally sensitive support. It explicitly focused on the intersection between ethnic and cultural identity, primary-secondary transition and mental health. Methods: The study employed participatory design to collaborate with seven young people from ethnically diverse groups and a peer researcher. Four online workshops mapped participant experiences and ideas concerning the primary-secondary transition, identity and mental health. These were developed into implications for practice, policy and research. Results: Participants highlighted feeling unprepared for the transition, with some experiencing poor mental health and difficulty navigating their ethnic and cultural identity during this time. Participants’ ideas for future transition experiences included: supporting a longer transition period, schools promoting diversity among students and staff, enabling education on ethnicity and culture, breaking stereotypes, enabling mutual learning among staff and students and enabling an open and caring environment to support mental health. Conclusions: The study provides an in-depth understanding of experiences of young people from ethnically diverse groups during primary-secondary transition and suggests ways of supporting multi-faceted transitions and mental health, with a key focus on ethnic and cultural identity formation.

‘Then I Met This Lovely Police Woman’ Young People's Experiences of Engagement with the Criminal Justice System

AbstractYoung people's voices detailing how they experienced engagement with the criminal justice system following child sexual abuse, what was helpful or unhelpful and how services can be improved to minimise secondary victimisation and maximise the potential for healing are largely absent from the research literature. This paper draws on semi‐structured interviews with a culturally diverse sample (n = 47) of young people aged 14 to 25 across Ireland and Canada about their experiences of disclosure and engagement with systems. Data were collected pertaining to experiences engaging with law enforcement personnel using thematic analysis with a trauma‐informed lens. The research identified three key themes: the importance of feeling safe through kindness, transparency and being believed; the importance of having a say; and the importance of timely court processes. The study builds on the small body of qualitative research illustrating young people's lived experiences of engaging with the criminal justice system and provides empirical support for promoting a trauma‐informed approach in how police engage with young people. Guidance is offered for police professionals on how to engage with adolescents following sexual abuse.

열악한 주거환경에서 청년의 결핍된 삶과 위기 경험: 지하방, 옥탑방, 고시원 거주 청년을 중심으로

This study focused on the experiences of young people living in basements, rooftop rooms, and gosiwons, which represent poor living environments. Based on this, the purpose is to suggest an approach to effectively solve the poor housing problem of young people by taking an in-depth approach to the meaning of home formed by poor residential environments, life in vulnerable housing, and crisis experiences. As a result of in-depth interviews with young people who have lived or are currently living in basement rooms, rooftop rooms, and gosiwons, home was a temporary place for young people, and the poor living environment was the price they had to pay to achieve their dreams, but it was a proof of survival that they survived and lived hard. In particular, the risk of poor housing environments was aggravated in crisis situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic and torrential rain, but the driving force in overcoming this situation was community values and solidarity, not housing support policies. Accordingly, it is necessary to supplement the contents of the housing survey to accurately understand the current situation of young people who are threatened in poor spaces, and to shift from a policy centered on loan support to reducing the burden of housing costs for happy housing and youth-safe housing, and expanding support targets. In addition, we propose expanding the scope of the youth housing support policy and forming a citizen participation monitoring group that can monitor and check the implementation of the youth housing support policy. Lastly, we propose building an online platform where young people can share their poor housing experiences and seek alternatives based on community values.

Inequalities in emergency care use across transition from paediatric to adult care: a retrospective cohort study of young people with chronic kidney disease in England.

Sociodemographic inequalities in emergency secondary care usage were evident in this cohort across the transition period, independent of age, with some variation between admissions and A&E use, and evidence of effect modification by transfer. Such inequalities likely have multifactorial origin, but importantly, could represent differential meetings of care needs. • In chronic kidney disease (CKD), transfer from paediatric to adult healthcare is associated with declining health outcomes. • Known differences in CKD outcomes by sociodemographic factors have limited prior exploration in the context of transfer. • Population-level data was used to examine the impacts of transfer and sociodemographic factors on unplanned secondary care utilisation in CKD. • Healthcare utilisation trends may not reflect known CKD pathophysiology and there may be unexplored sociodemographic inequalities in the experiences of young people across transfer.

Participation experiences of young people with cerebral palsy in key life situations: A qualitative study.

To explore the participation experiences of adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy (CP) in key life situations of young adulthood and investigate the impact of a government-funded, disability insurance scheme on participation and health service access. We conducted a qualitative descriptive study using semi-structured interviews. Sixteen young people with CP (aged 16-30 years; mean age = 24 years 4 months) participated. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim before thematic analysis. An overarching theme of 'branching out into adulthood' was identified. Participants described early adulthood as a time of change, choice, and challenge. The sub-themes were: (1) making sense of my CP as an adult; (2) people's attitudes towards disability and the impacts on me; (3) roadblocks and workarounds; and (4) participation at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants reported complex views on the new disability insurance scheme. While access to services and support increased, participants experienced significant difficulty negotiating appropriate funding, resulting in frustration and reduced confidence in the scheme. Young people with CP experience complexity as they participate during young adulthood. Alongside exploring how their identity is intertwined with having CP, they face significant barriers to participation when navigating relationships, accessing services, and being involved in the community.

After COVID-19: preparing staff for future surges in respiratory illness in children and improving well-being.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was a challenging experience for children and young people's services, and the workforce. The Valuing All Staff Together programme was a one-year project hosted by the North West Paediatric Critical Care, Surgery in Children, Long Term Ventilation Operational Delivery Network to support teams caring for children and young people to reflect on their experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using an online survey, focus groups and interviews, it gave staff the opportunity to explore and understand the effects of the pandemic and the subsequent surge in demand, including how these affected services and the emotional health and well-being of staff. This would enable better preparation for future surges in respiratory illness in terms of learning, training and development. This article describes the programme's aim, method and findings, and the main recommendations for practice.

The Kids are not alright - When did we start getting more more distressed?

IntroductionMuch has been made of the decline in population mental health over COVID but most studies show this just exacerabted a loing term trend This has predominnatly been attributed to changes in adolescent mental health over the past decade but there ahs been little evalaution of whether this post Millenium cohort was the first to demonstrate such a declineObjectivesThis study investigates to what extent mental differs in people born in different decades – i.e., possible birth cohort differences in the mental health of the popualtion over the past two decades To remove the linear dependency and identify any differences in trends between cohorts, we model mental health for each cohort as a nonlinear smooth function of age in an age-cohort model.MethodsThis analysis draws on 20 annual waves of the Household Income and Labour Dynamic in Australia (HILDA) survey.,is a nationally representative household panel that commenced in 2001 with 13,969 participants. The birth cohort of each person was defined by the decade of birth year(1940s, 1950s, etc). Mental ill health was assessed with the MHI5 from the SF36, in each wave and K10 from alternate waves. We estimate and compare penalized smooth trends in mental health for each cohort using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) using generalized additive mixed modelling (GAMM). Cohort effects are captured by directly estimating the differences between the smooth age trends of adjacent cohorts.ResultsLater cohorts were more likely to have poorer mental health, higher distress, more likely to be single and unemployed, and less likely to be chronically ill or disabled. Mental health was worse for younger age-groups in each survey year, and this discrepancy is much greater in more recent surveys - consistent with a birth cohort effect. Millennials (those born in the early 1990s) had a lower score at the same age as earlier generations, and the later cohorts do not show the age-related improvement seen in other earlier cohorts as they aged. At age 30 the average MHI-5 score of those born in the 1990s was 67, compared to 72.5 and 74 for people born in the 1980s and 1970s.ConclusionsThe deterioration in mental health over time which has been reported in large cross-sectional surveys, likely reflects cohort-specific effects related to the experiences of young people born in the Millennial generation and, to a lesser extent, those from the immediately prior cohort born in the1980s. We need to understand whether later cohorts are less resilient to similar risk factors experienced by earlier cohorts or whether they experience more and/or a greater severity of risks for mental ill-health. Such evidence is critical if the deteriorating pattern of mental health is to be arrested.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared