Sport Experience Research Articles

Educational Needs for Coaching Judo in Older Adults: The EdJCO Focus Groups.

Judo coaches are urged to develop specific competencies and skills for addressing the special needs of older practitioners. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the experts' opinions on judo training in late adulthood to develop sound educational programs for coaches of older judo practitioners. Overall, eighty-eight experts from an international consortium of judo and educational partners participated in national focus groups. During the focus groups, experts discussed five themes and generated statements pertinent to educate coaches to support older judo practitioners (e.g., benefits; necessary knowledge; risks; training groups definition; tools; and tests for monitoring training plans). The initial list of 262 statements was synthesized, validated, analyzed, and organized into a final list of 55 statements and six macro-areas: aging process (n = 10); safety and first aid (n = 6); physiology and fitness (n = 12); psychology and mental health (n = 11); organization and environment (n = 5); adapted judo teaching and training (n = 11). The present international eminence-based study, harmonizing diverse intercultural perspectives, highlighted the specific needs of older judo practitioners. The results of this study will contribute to the structure of a sound educational program for coaches of older judo practitioners to enhance the quality of older adults' sports experiences by linking safety, enjoyment, social interactions, and learning principles.

The co-creation, initial piloting, and protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial of a coach-led positive body image intervention for girls in sport

BackgroundGlobally, girls disengage from sports at an earlier age and higher rate than boys. This is, in part, due to the unique body image challenges that girls face, relative to their male peers. Existing intervention efforts that aim to reduce girls’ negative body image and movement experiences have proven marginally effective, if not ineffective. This paper outlines the co-creation, initial piloting and protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial of Body Confident Athletes (BCA); an in-person, coach-led intervention that aims to foster positive body image and sports enjoyment among girls.MethodsFollowing co-creation and an initial pilot, a two-armed cluster randomised controlled trial will assess the immediate (post-intervention) and short-term (1-month and 3-month follow-up) impact of BCA on girls’ (N = 1,036; 11–17 years old) body image, sports enjoyment, and affect. Sport organisations will be randomly allocated (1:1) into either an intervention or waitlist control condition. Girls and coaches in the intervention condition will complete three 60-minute sessions over three consecutive weeks. The primary outcome will be the immediate change in girls’ body esteem, with secondary outcomes assessing the immediate and short-term changes in girls’ body appreciation, self-objectification, attuned self-care, sports enjoyment, and affect.DiscussionThis research is the first to utilise an international multi-stakeholder partnership to co-create and evaluate an intervention that addresses the intersection of girls’ body image and sport experiences. The theoretical and methodological considerations of this research have led to a feasible intervention and trial protocol, and if proven effective, BCA may assist in reducing the global gender disparity in sports participation.Trial registration numberNCT05594524, registered 25th October 2022.

해양스포츠체험이벤트 참가자의 만족도가 지역사회의식, 지역사회발전, 재방문 및 추천의도에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of participants’satisfaction of the experiential marine sport event on community consciousness, regional development, and revisit and recommendation intention. This study seeks win-win plans with local communities and the local government by holding marine sport events and presents policy data and implications for regional development. To achieve the purpose of this study, a survey was conducted on participants in the marine sport experience event, one of the side events of the international yacht championship held in B city in 2021. There were 295 usable questionnaires for final data analysis. Data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression analysis using SPSS WIN Ver. 26.0. The results of this study are as follows.; First, auxiliary facilities, program promotion, and hosting personnel in the satisfaction of the experiential marine sport event have significant positive effects on community consciousness, regional development, and revisit and recommendation intention. Second, there are no significant effects of price using amenities in the satisfaction of the experiential marine sport event on community consciousness, regional development, and revisit and recommendation intention.

The effect of playing e-sports games on young people's desire to engage in physical activity: Mediating effects of social presence perception and virtual sports experience.

E-sports game experiences can help enhance young peoples' willingness to participate in sports and fitness. However, e-sports game studies have mostly focused on users' violent tendencies and aggressive behaviors, and less attention has been paid to the positive effects on young peoples' sports health. The purpose of this study is to provide reasonable guidance young people away from sedentary, addictive and other negative behaviors and to promote active sports and healthy exercise and development. Following the random sampling criteria, questionnaires were distributed to Chinese young people aged 14 to 24 through gaming communities as well as social media platforms, and 1608 valid questionnaires were obtained after eliminating invalid ones. The influence mechanism of e-sports game experience on young peoples' intention to participate in sports and fitness was examined empirically by using factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The e-gaming scenes (β = 0.399, p<0.01), virtual sports experience (β = 0.257, p<0.01), and social presence (β = 0.258 p<0.01) each had a significant positive effect on young peoples' intention to participate in sports and fitness; virtual sports experience [OR]0.099, 95%: CI 0.077-0.121 and social presence[OR]0.052, 95%: CI 0.035-0.071, were known to have mediating utility in the e-gaming scenario's influence on young peoples' intention to participate in sports and fitness. Using the significant features of sports video games such as entertainment and simulation to awaken the interest and willingness to participate in young people sports is an innovative way to accelerate the development of mass sports.

Tracing burnout during adolescence to past sports experiences: a retrospective analysis of sport-specific antecedents among alpine ski racers

IntroductionPrevious theoretical frameworks focusing on burnout have identified numerous antecedents and psychosocial risk factors; however, the influence of early sport-specific experiences on burnout in developmental athlete populations remains less understood. ObjectivesWe explored the associations between burnout and prior sports engagement (ie, milestones, practice time, performance, injury history) in a sample of subelite academy alpine ski racers in the United States (N = 169, M age = 15.82 ± 1.80). MethodsParticipants completed retrospective practice history profiles (milestones, practice time, injury), while their respective performance data were collected using an online national ranking registry. Simple and mixed-effect regressions were implemented to assess the associations between these measures and subscales of the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire. ResultsThe results indicated that greater participation in the coach-led group and individual practice during adolescence mitigated burnout responses (ie, greater sense of accomplishment, less sport devaluation), whereas more play earlier in development was associated with greater devaluation. Furthermore, poorer performance and more injury incidences were associated with increased burnout (ie, reduced sense of accomplishment). ConclusionsThe structure of training and past experiences during early career years appear to influence burnout among alpine ski racing during their adolescent years, the implications of which are discussed in relation to sport developmental pipelines.

Psychopathology of Former GDR Competitive Athletes in Comparison to The General Population

The knowledge about the consequences of state doping in the GDR is limited. It is assumed that the precarious training conditions had a great influence on the mental health of the former competitive athletes. The aim of this study was to assess the psychological symptoms of former GDR competitive athletes. A case-control study was conducted using questionnaires on psychological symptoms and possible risk or protective factors. Significant differences were found on scales. The major part of the affected athletes showed a clinically relevant psychological stress. Exemplary for this is a pronounced depressive symptomatology in 65,19% of the probands. Presumably, the negative experiences in competitive sports led to an increase in psychological symptoms and vulnerability.

The effects of rational emotive behavior therapy and motivational interviewing on emotions, automatic thoughts, and perceived performance of elite female volleyball players

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine the effect of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy intervention alone (REBT-A) or with motivational interviewing (REBT + MI) on the emotions, automatic thoughts, and perceived performance of elite female volleyball players. Designand method: Single-case, staggered multiple-baseline AB and ABC designs were adapted in the study. Five female volleyball players participated in the study, of which three players participated in the REBT-A and two players participated in the REBT + MI. The athletes were competing in the national volleyball league (Mage = 28, SD = 5.52). All participants were elite athletes with at least ten years of sports experience. Three scores (T1, T2, T3) were calculated for the athletes' perceived performance, emotion, and automatic thoughts. T1 was the baseline score calculated before the sessions. T2 was calculated after the first two sessions (the first three sessions for REBT + MI) and T3 was calculated after the last three sessions. In the data analysis, percentage changes, effect size, and visual analyzes were used in the T1, T2, and T3 scores. ResultsREBT-A and REBT + MI interventions increased perceived performance, positive emotions, and positive automatic thoughts, and decreased negative emotions and negative automatic thoughts. REBT + MI was more advantageous than REBT-A in increasing positive emotion, positive automatic thought, and perceived performance. ConclusionsAs a result, REBT alone or with motivational interviewing has a positive effect on perceived performance, emotions, and automatic thoughts, but REBT + MI has greater potential to increase positive constructs.

“If You Didn’t Exercise during Lockdown, What Were You Even Doing?”: Young Women, Sport, and Fitness in Pandemic Times

Sports and physical activity organizations around the world have expressed concern that the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted girls and young women’s participation, with relatively fewer young women returning to sport post-lockdowns than their male counterparts. The purpose of this research is to understand how young women’s experiences of sport and physical activity were impacted by extended and repeated lockdowns, considerable social disruption, and ongoing risks of contagion. Our research draws upon interviews and focus groups with 44 young women (16–24 years) living in Aotearoa New Zealand during the pandemic. Recognizing that young women’s opportunities and experiences of sport and fitness (before, during and after the pandemic) vary considerably based on a range of socio-cultural factors, our sample was intentionally diverse, inviting young women from different ethnic and religious backgrounds, from rural and urban settings, and with a range of pre-pandemic sport and fitness experiences. Engaging an intersectional and affective sensibility, we reveal the complex ways that the pandemic impacted the young women’s embodied, relational and affective experiences of sport and fitness. Contrary to recent concerns about young women dropping out from sport and physical activity, our research reveals the varied ways the pandemic shifted young women’s relations with their own and others’ moving bodies, transforming their relationships with sport and fitness, with renewed understandings of the importance of physical activity for joy, connection, and wellbeing.

Methods of promoting physical education among high school students in a rural location

This article is devoted to the problems of improving the development of physical culture at the level of villages and towns. It considers the reason for the decline of interest in physical culture, as well as the expediency of working out the practical aspects of solving this problem at the level of territorial communities. It is proposed to attract young specialists, in particular, graduates of higher education institutions with the provision of improving the state of physical training of student youth in small settlements.&#x0D; The work contains references to the legal framework that regulates the development of physical culture at the national and local levels. Specific programs were analyzed and compared with the practices of the countries of the European Union, in particular from Estonia, Great Britain. The substantive features of the programs at the municipal level are highlighted. The list of main factors that can directly affect the effectiveness of the development of physical culture at the level of territorial communities includes socio-political processes, a national strategy, and the readiness of territorial communities. The article expresses a position on possible ways of encouraging and stimulating young people to teach physical culture and conduct extracurricular classes (sections) in high school in rural areas/towns.&#x0D; It is proposed to involve volunteers who have sports experience and can become an additional motivational component for children and teenagers in such work. They should be provided with appropriate support and training, as well as create favorable conditions for development and self-realization. Based on the analysis, the main factors affecting the effectiveness of the development of physical education at the level of territorial communities were determined.

Towards the development of a quality youth sport experience measure: Understanding participant and stakeholder perspectives.

Quality sport experiences may be a key underlying mechanism through which continued sport participation may facilitate positive youth development. However, what constitutes a quality sport experience for youth is poorly understood due to a lack of comprehensiveness among existing measures. This study aimed to identify the salient factors that constitute quality sport experience for youth by capturing athletes and stakeholder perspectives with a broader goal of developing a more robust quality sport experiences measure. A total of 53 youth athletes and stakeholders (i.e., parents, coaches, and sport administrators) completed semi-structured interviews or focus groups about what they felt were important aspects of a quality sport experience for youth. Inductive content analysis of the data identified four themes representing important indicators for a quality sport experience for youth: fun and enjoyment, opportunity for sport skill development and progress, social support and sense of belonging, and open and effective communication. These higher order themes were found among each of the groups that have important interpersonal relationships with athletes, as well as among athletes themselves. Each of these themes were also related to one another. Collectively, findings outline a framework to understand what constitutes a quality sport experience for youth. The Quality Sport Experience Framework for Youth will help in the development of a quantitative tool to assess this construct and enable researchers to examine how these experiences contribute to continued engagement in sport and positive developmental outcomes among youth sport participants.

Selected Motivations of Student Sports Volunteers in Terms of Professional Activity and Previous Volunteering Experience

Involvement in sports volunteering is not only a way to improve mental health by increasing a sense of appreciation or respect, but it also allows participants to take on an individual challenge, meet new people, or gain specific knowledge. The aim of this study was to analyze selected motivations of students from the University of Physical Education in Krakow to get involved in sports volunteering during the 2023 European Games organized in their city and verifying them in terms of gender, age, previous volunteering experience, and pursuing a career. A total of 535 students took part in the survey, of whom 52.71% (282) were female, and 47.29% (253) were male. Selected motivation statements were indicated by respondents through a 5-point Likert scale. The results of the completed study confirmed that pursuing a professional career alongside studies and previous experience in sports volunteering had an impact on undertaking sports volunteering (F = 11.754; r = 0.674; p = 0.003 and F = 10.241; r = 0.611; p = 0.002). The obtained research results may be important for sports psychologists and organizers of sports events in the context of recruiting volunteers or improving the process of managing sports volunteering.

A study on the behavior intention of university students participating in winter sports

This study explored the relationship between university students' exercise efficacy and behavioral intention to participate in winter sports. Using a self-efficacy scale, exercise motivation scale, satisfaction with life scale, and the theory of planned behavior questionnaire, the intentions and behaviors of 862 university students were investigated. Based on the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) model and customer satisfaction theories, a model of the relationship between university students' exercise efficacy and behavioral intention was constructed. The results showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between sports efficacy, motivation, satisfaction, experience perception, and behavioral intention. Sports efficacy had a direct and positive effect on university students' behavioral intention to participate in winter sports (SE = 0.052, Z = 10.673 > 1.96, P = 0.000); The indirect effect of sports efficacy on behavioral intention via motivation and satisfaction was 0.077 (SE = 0.016, Z = 4.813 > 1.96, P = 0.000); the indirect effect of sports efficacy on behavioral intention via experience perception, motivation, and satisfaction was 0.037 (SE = 0.009, Z = 4.111 > 1.96, P = 0.000). Our results not only verify and expand on the HAPA and customer satisfaction theories but also highlight the need for interventions targeting university students' behavioral intention of participating in winter sports from the perspective of improving their sports efficacy, improving the perception of winter sports participation experience, and enhancing their motivation for engaging in exercise and satisfaction with exercise.

Not a Student, Not an Athlete, a Person

College athletics can place immense demands on athletes in terms of time commitment, physical conditioning, and pressure to perform. However, one important but less visible dimension affected by participation is one’s identity. College athletes hold multiple identities (Sturm et al., 2011) and these identities are further refined through their experiences (Chang et al., 2018). However, much less is known about athletes’ cognitive awareness of others’ perceptions and how those opinions influence athletes’ sense of self. In the present work, 52 Division I collegiate basketball players took part in a qualitative survey focused on understanding their athletic experience based on interactions with others. Responses revealed that athletes had dichotomous beliefs when addressing their perceptions of self and how they believed others viewed them, primarily based on the influence of sport. Conversely, athletes had more differing thoughts when discussing their aspirations and wishes for their future and often discussed professional goals, personality traits, and connections to others. Taken together, these results corroborate the desire (and need) for athletes to foster identities beyond their sport world (Stokowski et al., 2019) and for those who shape the sport experience to proactively work on behalf of athletes in this domain.

Youth Sport Participation Experiences From the Perspective of Hispanic/Latinx Parents and Their Children.

Hispanic/Latinx communities remain an underserved population in terms of health and physical activity opportunities. The rise of sport specialization can jeopardize these opportunities. Understanding the appeal and welcomeness that minoritized populations feel toward sport and sport specialization culture can play an important role in health promotion and breaking down barriers that widen the gap on physical activity levels in Hispanic/Latinx communities. To date, these studies have not qualitatively investigated Hispanic/Latinx youth sport dyads (parent and child) and how sport specialization perceptions have affected their sport participation experiences. We used a qualitative interpretative phenomenological analysis to explore experiences of Hispanic/Latinx high school athletes. We engaged in semistructured interviews with 12 parent-child dyads. The following 3 interrelated themes emerged: (a) expectations of youth sport participation, (b) meeting expectations of youth sport participation, (c) and (mis)alignment of cultures. Dyads describe a negative youth sport experience when both cultures do not align because of the rise in sport specialization and pay-to-play culture. Findings indicate that dyads understand what is necessary to participate in organized sport and do this by methods that are rooted in their Hispanic/Latinx culture.

Teacher and Student’s Perspectives on Their Experiences Within Hybrid Sport Education-Cooperative Learning Pedagogical Model Units in Elementary Physical Education

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate teacher and students’ perspectives on their experiences within three consecutive hybrid sport education and cooperative learning pedagogical model units. Method: Fifty elementary school students (Mage = 10.52; SDage = 0.39) and a 36-year-old male teacher participated in three consecutive hybrid cooperative learning/sport education units (24 lessons). Semistructured interviews were conducted to gather data and gain a rich, insiders’ perspective of their experiences. Results: Three main themes (including several subthemes) were generated from the data analysis: students’ enthusiasm and involvement (autonomy support, motivation, and engagement); students’ learning (technical–tactical learning, cooperative skills, and social learning); and teacher challenges. Conclusions: Findings from the current study showed that a teacher’s use of three consecutive hybrid sport education/cooperative learning pedagogical model units promoted a learning environment where students were involved in authentic sport experiences that fostered the development of students’ learning across all domains.

A study on vitalization of water sports experience center from a design point of view - Focused on Gapcheon Water Sports Experience Center in Daejeon -

A study on vitalization of water sports experience center from a design point of view - Focused on Gapcheon Water Sports Experience Center in Daejeon -

How can we help you? A global investigation into girls’ body image experiences in sport and intervention preferences

Existing interventions that target the intersection of girls’ body image and sports participation are marginally effective, which is, in part, due to methodological limitations pertaining to intervention development (i.e., not theoretically or stakeholder informed). In this research, girls were consulted on their positive and negative body image experiences in sport and their preferences for fostering and remedying these experiences, respectively, in a new intervention. One-hundred and two girls (11–17-years; n = 91) and youth advisory board members (18–35-years; n = 15) from 13 countries participated in semi-structured focus groups and/or surveys. Template analysis of focus group and survey data resulted in 10 first-level themes and three integrative themes, which highlighted factors that both hinder and help girls’ body image while playing sport, as well as girls’ intervention preferences and cross-national considerations that will eventually impact the adaptation, localisation, and scaling of the intervention. Overall, girls favoured a girl and woman-only, multimodal intervention that upskilled them in appreciating their bodies, while challenging others’ harmful behaviours. Stakeholder insights are crucial in creating acceptable, effective, and scalable interventions. Insights from this consultation phase will inform the development of a new scalable, evidence- and stakeholder-informed intervention that aims to foster girls’ positive body image and sports enjoyment.

Implementing a Novel Team Performance Profiling Activity with Young Athletes

Performance profiling is a widely used assessment and monitoring method within the field of sport psychology. As a client-centered tool, it helps athletes, coaches, and practitioners identify the characteristics perceived necessary for successful performance. However, traditional methods of performance profiling are not always appropriate for younger athletes or for application outside of an office or classroom. In line with recommendations from previous research, this article presents the experiences of a trainee sport and exercise psychologist during the development and implementation of a novel, team performance profiling activity. The activity was introduced in a workshop delivered to a youth soccer team to determine the content of three additional workshops. During the activity, the soccer players collaborated to identify the best soccer player in the world (i.e., Lionel Messi) and the behaviors, feelings, and thoughts that enabled him to be successful. Then, as a team, they rated their abilities with regards to the identified behaviors, feelings, and thoughts on a scale of 1 to 5 in relation to Lionel Messi, to identify their potential strengths and areas for improvement. For a visual representation of the ratings, colored cones were used. The trainee’s experiences highlight the challenges of adapting traditional sport psychology tools.

Long-term sport experience influences general action-related lexical semantic processing: ERP evidence

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate whether long-term domain-specific sport experience influences general action-related lexical semantic processing. Wushu (martial arts) athletes and non-athletes were asked to complete a lexical decision task in which nouns served as targets primed by general action-related or action-unrelated verbs. Event-related potential (ERP) results showed that target nouns primed by action-related verbs elicited reduced N400s compared to those primed by action-unrelated verbs for both groups. Moreover, target nouns primed by action-related verbs elicited larger late positive components (LPCs) than those primed by action-unrelated verbs only for wushu athletes and not for non-athletes. These results suggest that long-term domain-specific sport experience facilitates general action-related lexical semantic processing and support an association between the sensory-motor system and language comprehension.

Structural Relationship between Psychological Needs and Sport Adherence for Students Participating in Physical Education Class

The satisfaction of basic psychological needs leads students to engage in a sport modality on their own initiative. In the Spanish public educational system, mixed and heterogeneous, the gender and sport experience of students influence the teaching and motivation of invasion sports. This study investigated whether students’ gender and sport experience, and model influence the psychological variables (basic psychological needs and sport adherence) when teaching school soccer and basketball. Furthermore, correlations were calculated between these psychological variables. The study involved 165 fifth and sixth grade students (Mage, 11.27 ± 0.68 years old) from several Spanish state schools in the same autonomous community. A non-random convenience sample was used. The needs for autonomy, perceived competence and social relationships were measured using the Basic Psychological Needs in Physical Exercise Scale. Sport adherence was measured using the Measure of Intentionality to be Physically Active. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Cronbach’s Alpha, Average Variance Extracted and Composite Reliability were used to analyze the psychometric properties of the scales. Descriptive and inferential analyses were obtained after performing a Mixed Linear Model and a Bonferroni Post Hoc. There were significant differences in the autonomy need according to the students’ gender (boys &gt; girls). In addition, boys who learned with the TGA model scored significantly higher than girls on this need. Attending to sport adherence, there were significant differences in favor of experienced students. Likewise, a regression analysis (structural equation model) revealed that the autonomy need showed low association with sport adherence. Higher perceived competence (β = 0.52) and social relationships (β = 0.36) were associated with greater adherence to sport (R2 = 0.65). Teachers’ Knowledge and proper managing basic psychological needs will have educational, social and health benefits, as it will increase the likelihood of physical activity in and out of school.