Experiences Of Sexual Harassment Research Articles

Addressing female trainee experiences of sexual harassment and discrimination in a veterans affairs mental health service.

Addressing female trainee experiences of sexual harassment and discrimination in a veterans affairs mental health service.

The Slut-Shaming Instrument: Preliminary validation, correlates, and links with psychological distress among adolescent girls.

Despite social awareness of the problem of slut-shaming for adolescent girls, no existing measure captures this construct. Using data from a sample of 202 girls from Québec, Canada (ages 14-17; 68% White), preliminary validation is provided for the Slut-Shaming Instrument, a seven-item measure of negative peer experiences related to being perceived as too sexually active, sexualized, or flirtatious. The measure showed strong psychometric properties including good reliability and factor structure, expected associations with daily experiences of slut-related victimization and sexual harassment, and links with number of sexual partners and other forms of peer victimization. Slut-shaming was associated with distress accounting for these other forms of victimization (including sexual harassment), suggesting the pertinence of addressing this type of gender-based victimization.

"You're just constantly on alert": Women and Gender-Diverse People's Experiences of Sexual Violence on Public Transport.

Sexual violence is a public health issue that can be experienced across the life course. Public transport is a key site of sexual violence and harassment experienced by women and gender-diverse people in Australia, although victim-survivor voices have rarely been sought in addressing this issue. Through in-depth qualitative interviews with 41 diverse female and gender-diverse victim-survivors who were staff or students at two Australian universities, we sought to understand their experiences of sexual violence and harassment on public transport. We found that women and gender-diverse people, while often reporting on a significant experience of sexual violence or harassment on public transport, also had other, "everyday" experiences across their life course that impacted how they traveled and their confidence in the world. Overall, we argue that the significant impact of sexual violence and harassment on public transport should be addressed through targeting public transport as a key site for primary prevention of sexual violence and harassment.

Threatening men, threatened women and vice versa: Job and status-related risk factors for experiencing sexual harassment in the media and cultural sectors

ABSTRACT Using an extensive survey filled out by 2023 people working in the media and cultural sectors of Flanders, we analyse how job and status-related factors influence the likelihood of experiencing different types of sexual harassment in the media and cultural sector and how the effects may differ for male and female workers. We differentiate between three types of workplace-related sexual harassment: sexual communication, infantilization and physical advances. First, we look at two factors related to working in the media and cultural sector. A competitive work environment increases the likelihood of experiencing sexual harassment for both men and women. Doing artistic work has a small but significant effect on infantilization for women. Second, we use Blumer’s group position model to understand how awareness of unequal career opportunities for women in the cultural and media industries influences the experience of sexual harassment. Women who perceive unequal career opportunities experience more sexual harassment; this is not the case for men. Having more professional recognition decreases the likelihood of experiencing sexual harassment for men but not for women, which is also in line with the group position model.

University students' experiences of sexual harassment: the role of gender and psychological resilience.

This study aimed to investigate university students' experiences of different types of sexually harassing behaviors, within academia, as well as the role of gender and psychological resilience regarding their victimization and its consequences. Overall, 2,134 students (70.5% women), both undergraduates (81%) and postgraduates (19%), completed a self-reported online questionnaire regarding the variables involved (sexual harassment, consequences, and resilience). According to the results, the most prevailing types of sexually harassing behaviors, which were experienced mainly by women students, included offensive sexual comments/jokes/stories, inappropriate comments about one's body/appearance/sex life, as well as obscene ways of staring, obscene gestures, and/or exposure of body parts causing embarrassment. Accordingly, the perceived psycho-emotional and academic consequences of sexual harassment were more pronounced in the case of women. Furthermore, psychological resilience was negatively associated with gender, making women with low resilience more vulnerable to experiences of sexual harassment and more affected by its consequences. This study highlights important aspects of this gender-based aggressive behavior in academia and emphasizes the necessity for the implementation of appropriate policies and interventions in higher education institutions against sexual harassment.

Stifled Screams: Experiences of Survivors of Sexual Harassment in First-Generation Universities in Southwestern Nigeria

The aim of this study was to explore the lived experience of survivors of sexual harassment, as well as reportage factors and outcomes, psychosocial sequelae, and how survivors coped in first-generation higher-education institutions in Southwestern Nigeria. A qualitative exploration of the experience of 12 (11 females and 1 male) participants using in-depth interviews was conducted. The findings were grouped into four broad themes, namely: (i) experience of sexual harassment, (ii) reporting patterns, (iii) coping strategies, and (iv) the physical and emotional impact of sexual harassment. Most survivors had experienced sexual harassment multiple times and same-sex harassment occurs in higher-education institutions. Survivors did not report to university authorities because of the perception that the support from the environment was poor. Many shared information with their support networks or visited a psychologist for mental health care. Others used maladaptive coping mechanisms such as increased alcohol consumption. Mental health symptoms ranged from mild to severe. Institutes of higher education need to take decisive actions to improve the environment and to promote the prompt reporting of sexual harassment by survivors; they must also provide access to support to prevent the development of mental health problems, which are a common post-event occurrence, as identified in the present study.

______________________________________________________________________________ 68 Multi-Gender Perspectives about POSH – Is The Policy Gender Inclusive?© 2023 by Ms. Jaya Yaduwanshi & Mr. Vinish Shaji is licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0 Multi-Gender Perspectives about POSH – Is The Policy Gender Inclusive?

The paper delves into the multi-gender perspectives surrounding the POSH policy's effectiveness and inclusivity. The research incorporates case studies and qualitative data to analyze the impact of the POSH policy on both men and women. The research also addresses the rising concerns of false or malicious complaints and the negative consequences they have on innocent individuals. The study employs exploratory and qualitative research, with case studies from professionals working in various corporate sectors. The respondents' views reveal a prevalent bias towards women, leading to the neglect of men's experiences of sexual harassment. The major findings of the study underline the urgent need for gender-neutral laws and increased awareness of sexual violence against men. Also suggestions are made for crucial amendments to the POSH Act to safeguard men's rights and protect them from exploitation. The paper advocates for a collective effort to recognize and support all victims of sexual violence, regardless of gender, to ensure a safe and inclusive work environment for all individuals.

Workplace bullying and sexual harassment among general surgery residents in Colombia

Exploramos la magnitud de estos problemas entre los residentes de cirugía general en Colombia. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio nacional en junio de 2020. Los residentes autoevaluaron su exposición a la intimidación y el acoso sexual en forma de acoso de género, atención sexual no deseada y coerción sexual. Se analizaron variables demográficas y perpetradores entre víctimas y no víctimas. Se incluyeron un total de 302 residentes. Las tasas de acoso laboral y sexual fueron del 49% y 14,9%, respectivamente. Las principales formas de acoso sexual correspondieron al acoso de género (47%) y la atención sexual no deseada (47%). El acoso sexual fue significativamente mayor entre las mujeres. Los cirujanos fueron los principales perpetradores. El acoso laboral y el acoso sexual son frecuentes en la formación quirúrgica en Colombia. Estos hallazgos conducen a intervenciones para mejorar la cultura educativa de los departamentos quirúrgicos para disminuir la prevalencia de estos comportamientos.

Exploring Sexual Harassment and Students' Academic Performance: A Case Study of Business Schools of Peshawar City

Business schools appear to be under-researched when it comes to sexual harassment. Because of the hesitancy of victims to report their experiences, sexual harassment in academia is often a hidden issue. In the last few years, the media and research have paid great attention to it, and the general public is becoming more aware of it. This research work aimed to find out the students' knowledge about sexual harassment, the types faced by students, and further, evaluate up to what extent sexual harassment impedes the academic performance of students. The study also aimed to find various elements leading to the sexual harassment experience of males and females in the classroom. The data of this qualitative study are collected through 30 semi-structured interviews from students of public and private business schools in Peshawar city. The study investigates the effect of sexual harassment on the academic performance of students. The results indicate that it affects the mental health and morale of students and it leads to dissatisfaction. Hence, there is a crucial need to develop sustainable systems to redress the structure through anti-sexual harassment policies.

From harasser tourists to above the law managers: female tour guides strategies for coping with sexual harassment

PurposeThis study examines how far female tour guides in Egypt experience sexual harassment and how they cope with it.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative research method is employed, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 32 full-time female tour guides working for several travel agencies in Egypt. Thematic analysis was used to extract the main ideas from the transcripts.FindingsThe findings show that female tour guides in Egypt would encounter annoying gender harassment mostly from tourists they serve, and they might suffer from irresponsible behavior – gender harassment, unwanted sexual harassment, and sexual coercion – from their local managers. When facing sexual harassment, female tour guides usually tend to adopt one of the following three coping strategies: (a) indifference to sexual harassment they encounter, (b) heroism by taking legal action when exposed to sexual harassment or (c) fatalism by taking inconsequential action such as complaining the harasser to his direct manager or filling in an official complaint inside their workplace. The selection of the coping strategy is usually based on the female victim's personality and the organizational and social context she adapts to.Originality/valueThis paper contributes by filling a gap in tourism, human resources management and gender studies in which empirical studies on the sexual harassment that female tour guides encounter, particularly in non-Western contexts, have been limited so far.

Gender-based harassment in Swedish workplaces and alcohol-related morbidity and mortality: A prospective cohort study.

The study investigated experiences of different types of work-related gender-based harassment (GBH), specifically sexual and gender harassment, as risk factors for alcohol-related morbidity and mortality (ARMM). Information about experiences of (i) sexual harassment (SH-I) and (ii) gender harassment (GH-I) from inside the organization and (iii) sexual harassment from a person external to the organization (SH-E) were obtained from the Swedish Work Environment Survey 1995-2013, a biannual cross-sectional survey, administered to a representative sample of the Swedish working population. The survey responses from 86 033 individuals were connected to multiple registers containing information about alcohol-related diagnoses, treatment, or cause of death. Cox proportional hazard models were fitted to assess hazard ratios (HR) of incident ARMM during a mean follow-up of eight (SH-I and GH-I) and ten (SH-E) years. A higher prospective risk estimate of ARMM was found among participants who reported experiences of SH-E [HR 2.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.61-2.52], GH-I (HR 1.33, CI 1.03-1.70), or SH-I (HR 2.37, CI 1.42-3.00). Additional analyses, distinguishing one-time from reoccurring harassment experiences, indicated a dose-response relationship for all three harassment types. Gender did not modify the associations. Under the assumption of causality, 9.3% (95% CI 5.4-13.1) of the risk of ARMM among Swedish women and 2.1% (95% CI 0.6-3.6) among Swedish men would be attributable to any of the three types of GBH included in this study. Experiences of GBH in the work context may be a highly relevant factor in the etiology of ARMM.

Sexual Harassment and Assault across Trail and Ultrarunning Communities: A Mixed-Method Study Exploring Gender Differences

This mixed-method study aimed to better understand the prevalence and qualitative experiences of sexual harassment and assault (SHSA) among trail and ultrarunners. Over 1500 runners (1215 females; 259 males; 28 transgender, non-binary, gender-fluid) of ages ranging from 18 to 77 (M = 39) responded to an online survey assessing the frequency and types of SHSA incidents experienced and the extent to which SHSA changed running behavior and feelings of safety. Respondents reported between 0 and over 100,000 incidents of SHSA, including catcalls, spanking, flashing, unwanted verbal advances, stalking, forced sexual acts, and rape. Of the 1502 respondents, 61% reported SHSA while running. Significantly higher rates of SHSA were reported by female, transgender, non-binary, and gender-fluid runners compared to male runners: 70% of female respondents and 61% of transgender, non-binary, and gender-fluid respondents reported incidents of SHSA compared to 17% of male respondents (all p < 0.001). Utilizing Mahalanobis procedures, discriminant, and chi-square analyses, a group of 75 responders was identified as outliers, reporting significantly more incidents of SHSA (1000 to 300,000) than the more normative respondents (p < 0.0001). For each type of SHSA, the two groups differed significantly in the number of reported incidents (p < 0.001). There were significant differences in perceived safety and how SHSA changed their running behavior. Gender inequities and challenging false memory claims are discussed. The findings underscore the importance of empowering runners to create a shared vision for the running community to promote safety and well-being.

Nurses' Experiences of Sexual Harassment by Patients at Punjab Institute of Mental Health, Lahore, Pakistan: A Qualitative Study

Sexual harassment is an unwanted and unwelcomed behavior for any sexual favor. The objective of the study was to explore the nurses’ experiences of sexual harassment by patients at Punjab Institute of Mental Health, Lahore, Pakistan. The study was cross-sectional and qualitative in nature. The purposive sampling of non-probability sampling technique was applied to select the study’s participants. Using the purposive sampling technique, 50 nurses were selected. The in-depth interviews were conducted to get the in-depth information. The collected data was analyzed by using thematic analysis. The findings of the study reveals that sexual harassment is a widespread problem faced by nurses. The participants shared that they face different forms of sexual harassment such as softly touching the fingertips, requesting sexual intercourse by patients, accusing of being a whore and forcibly embracing, holding breast and buttocks, forced kissing, pressuring to marry and retaining privates in an Addiction Ward at Punjab Institute of Mental Hospital, Lahore. It can be concluded that male patients are the most likely perpetrators of sexual harassment towards nurses, and female nurses are the most likely victims. It is recommended that administration of the Institute should implement code of conduct and relevant laws in a strict manner.

Discomforting surplus: gender, sexualization, and omissions in ethnographic fieldwork.

As sisters and sociologists, we shared an unnerving experience of sexual harassment in one of our preliminary field sites. Our research pursuits split thereafter, with one of us leaning into questions of gender and sexuality and the other steering clear. Despite our diverging interests, we both encountered discomforting moments that raise questions about what data we render surplus in our analysis. In this article, we draw on ethnographic and interviewing data from our respective projects to conceptualize "discomforting surplus" as ethnographic data that we omit from our analyses. We offer two types of discomforting surpluses: those that reveal dissonance between our actions and self-conceptions, and those that seem not just uncomfortable, but inconsequential. We mine these discomforting surpluses, calling for introspection about our subject positions and the potential benefits of trying out analytical frames we have ignored. We conclude with practical suggestions for reflecting meaningfully on our relationships to the field and engaging in thought experiments that center discomforting surplus. These contradictions, omissions, and unnerving questions in ethnographic research are important to grapple with as we encounter a push for greater transparency and open science.

Self-Sexualization in Relation to Sexual Harassment and Body Shame

While many researchers have identified harmful consequences of the sexualization of women, still little is known about voluntary self-sexualization and its potential effects on women who engage in the practice. Although the idea that self-sexualization is self-fulfilling remains contentious, women who self-sexualize are naturally expected to receive sexualized attention, including unwanted attention. This study starts with the question of whether self-sexualizing women, including those who use self-sexualization as a source of power, experience sexually objectifying encounters, measured by nonphysical sexual harassment, and its negative consequence, measured by body shame. Furthermore, we investigate how age moderates the relationship. An online questionnaire was created and a total of 308 women completed the questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was conducted to test the hypothesized causal relationships from self-sexualization (self-empowering sexualization and non-power self-sexualization) to nonphysical sexual harassment, which can lead to body shame. The results showed that the effects of self-sexualization were dependent on the intent for self-sexualization as well as the self-sexualizer’s age. While self-sexualization without intent to gain power led to increased sexual harassment incidents and body shame, mature women’s self-sexualization as a source of power did not lead to increased sexual harassment experiences nor increased body shame. However, unlike the mature women’s self-empowering sexualization, the young women’s self-sexualization, with or without intent to gain power, led to more sexual harassment experiences. The findings of this study indicate the need to uncover the various intentions for self-sexualization as well as their different effects.

What have we learned about sexual harassment among young people? Concluding reflections

AbstractThis article contains concluding reflections for a special issue on sexual harassment among young people. In this concluding article, we reflect on the 14 individual papers in the special issue through three cross‐cutting themes, each with important implications for policy and practice. The themes highlight that (1) attitudes and norms related to sexual harassment are core to its occurrence among young people, (2) the sexual harassment experiences of minority and otherwise hidden youth need to be heard, and (3) innovative approaches and methods advance the current knowledge about sexual harassment among young people. Furthermore, we stress that school policies against sexual harassment need to be reflected in the behaviors of school personnel and peers, and that both students and teachers need to be equipped with the knowledge and skills to combat sexual harassment. It is our hope that this special issue will be valuable for researchers, the formulation of societal and school policies, and for the design of developmentally informed interventions.

Boys perpetrating sexual harassment on peer girls in secondary school: A focus group study about pupils' experiences.

To explore experiences of sexual harassment of adolescent girls by peer boys during school hours. Focus group study with a convenience sample of six girls and 12 boys aged 13-15 years from two different lower secondary schools in Norway. Thematic analysis with Systematic Text Condensation was used with data from three focus group discussions, supported by theory about gender performativity. Analysis demonstrated how girls experienced specific aspects of unwanted sexual attention perpetrated by male peers. When boys trivialized sexualized behaviour perceived as intimidating by girls, the behaviour was perceived as 'normal'. Among the boys, sexual name-calling was only meant as a joke to put the girls in their place, while girls were silenced. In this way, patterns of gendered interaction contribute to performing and maintaining sexual harassment. Responses from co-pupils and teachers had strong impact on further harassment, contributing to either escalation or resistance. Signalling disapproval when being harassed was difficult when bystander behaviour was lacking or degrading. The participants wanted teachers to intervene in response to sexual harassment, emphasizing that being present or showing concern is not enough to stop the harassment. The lack of proactive responses from bystanders may also represent gender performativity, where invisibility contributes to social conventions such as normalization. Our analysis indicates a need for interventions targeting sexual harassment among pupils in Norwegian schools, with a special awareness of gendered performance. Both teachers and pupils would benefit from increased knowledge and skills in how to detect and stop unwanted sexual attention.

간호사의 병원 내 성희롱 피해경험, 자아존중감과 직무만족도가 이직의도에 미치는 영향

The study is research to understand the effects of nurses’ sexual harassment experiences, self-esteem and job satisfaction on turnover intention. The data was collected from October 26 to November 10 in 2018 by using a structured questionnaire for 201 nurses who had worked in general hospitals that were located in G City of G Province. The data was analyzed t-test, ANOVA, pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple stepwise regression by using IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 program. While the experiences of sexual harassment are negatively correlated with self-esteem and job satisfaction, they are positively correlated with the turnover intention. Job satisfaction and the turnover intention are negatively correlated. Factors that have effects on the participants’ turnover intentions include job satisfaction, full-time positions, and work experiences between 5 and 10 years and also between 10 and 15 years. Explanatory power of the model is 50.6%. Based on the above results, the study is expected to offer useful basic data for enhancement of trainings and instructions for sexual harassment prevention in the hospitals in order to decrease the sexual harassment experiences and turnover rate.

DIGITAL: FENOMENA PROSTITUSI ONLINE DI DAERAH PENERAPAN SYARI’AT ISLAM

Digital developments, expected to contribute to efficiency and ease in the development process, are often used reversely. Specific communities also use digital technology as a means of communication and information in carrying out practices that violate norms and laws. In Aceh Province, which incidentally is the implementation area of Islamic Shari'at, the use of digital is used in practices that violate the Qanun (regional regulation) of Islamic Shari'at. Prostitution, one of the criminal cases of Islamic Sharia, was found that all perpetrators revealed that they carried out these 'unlawful' transactions through online media. This study aims to explain the driving factors for prostitution behavior and explain the government's collaborative efforts in dealing with online prostitution in Aceh. This study uses a qualitative approach that descriptively describes the primary and secondary data. Preliminary data were obtained through interviews and observation techniques, while secondary data was obtained through document review. Data analysis was passed through classification, reduction, and conclusion. The study results show that the driving factor for the dominant prostitution behavior is motivated by personal desires. In addition, it is also caused by environmental and lifestyle factors, the economy, family problems, as well as experiences of sexual harassment, and the loss of virginity. The government's collaborative efforts in dealing with online prostitution are carried out by controlling prostitution. The government and other elements of society conduct routine raids and patrols and hold outreach to the community down to the community level.

The Relative Impact of Different Types of Military Sexual Trauma on Long-Term PTSD, Depression, and Suicidality.

Sexual assault and harassment in the U.S. military are very common. Military sexual trauma (MST) is defined as sexual assault or harassment experienced during military service; yet, the relative impact of sexual assault, harassment, and their combination is not well understood. Given the extent and potential severity of the long-term outcomes of MST, it is critical to evaluate the relative impacts of these types of MST on long-term mental health outcomes. Veterans (n = 2499; 54% female) completed self-report measures of experiences of sexual assault and harassment perpetrated by coworkers during military service, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and suicidality. Controlling for combat exposure, all types of MST experiences (Harassment Only, Assault Only, or Both) compared to No MST predicted greater severity of PTSD, depression, and suicidality after military service. Compared to Veterans with No MST, those who experienced Both Assault and Harassment reported significantly more severe PTSD, depression, and suicidality followed by Harassment Only, and then Assault Only. Data suggest that different types of MST experiences have an impact on long-term mental health outcomes, and the combination of Both sexual Assault and Harassment is particularly deleterious.