Abstract This commentary outlines how growing efforts to restrict abortion may create a legal and medical environment that criminalizes pregnancy loss and limit clinicians’ ability to provide the highest quality care to those who experience pregnancy loss. We examine how “fetal harm” laws have been used against pregnant people in cases of pregnancy loss, in the context of experiencing physical trauma, declining medical advice, and substance use in pregnancy. We highlight how the patient-provider relationship may be negatively altered by laws criminalizing substance use in pregnancy and self-managed abortion, by jeopardizing confidentiality and trust when seeking medical care. Laws restricting treatment methods for abortion may also unintentionally limit treatment options for pregnancy loss, particularly when using mifepristone or dilation and evacuation to treat pregnancy loss. For many, pregnancy loss comes with significant grief and stigma; fear of legal action could have the unintended consequence of deterring these individuals from obtaining needed prompt, high-quality, and compassionate care.