Experiences Of Young People Research Articles

‘Then I Met This Lovely Police Woman’ Young People's Experiences of Engagement with the Criminal Justice System

AbstractYoung people's voices detailing how they experienced engagement with the criminal justice system following child sexual abuse, what was helpful or unhelpful and how services can be improved to minimise secondary victimisation and maximise the potential for healing are largely absent from the research literature. This paper draws on semi‐structured interviews with a culturally diverse sample (n = 47) of young people aged 14 to 25 across Ireland and Canada about their experiences of disclosure and engagement with systems. Data were collected pertaining to experiences engaging with law enforcement personnel using thematic analysis with a trauma‐informed lens. The research identified three key themes: the importance of feeling safe through kindness, transparency and being believed; the importance of having a say; and the importance of timely court processes. The study builds on the small body of qualitative research illustrating young people's lived experiences of engaging with the criminal justice system and provides empirical support for promoting a trauma‐informed approach in how police engage with young people. Guidance is offered for police professionals on how to engage with adolescents following sexual abuse.

열악한 주거환경에서 청년의 결핍된 삶과 위기 경험: 지하방, 옥탑방, 고시원 거주 청년을 중심으로

This study focused on the experiences of young people living in basements, rooftop rooms, and gosiwons, which represent poor living environments. Based on this, the purpose is to suggest an approach to effectively solve the poor housing problem of young people by taking an in-depth approach to the meaning of home formed by poor residential environments, life in vulnerable housing, and crisis experiences. As a result of in-depth interviews with young people who have lived or are currently living in basement rooms, rooftop rooms, and gosiwons, home was a temporary place for young people, and the poor living environment was the price they had to pay to achieve their dreams, but it was a proof of survival that they survived and lived hard. In particular, the risk of poor housing environments was aggravated in crisis situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic and torrential rain, but the driving force in overcoming this situation was community values and solidarity, not housing support policies. Accordingly, it is necessary to supplement the contents of the housing survey to accurately understand the current situation of young people who are threatened in poor spaces, and to shift from a policy centered on loan support to reducing the burden of housing costs for happy housing and youth-safe housing, and expanding support targets. In addition, we propose expanding the scope of the youth housing support policy and forming a citizen participation monitoring group that can monitor and check the implementation of the youth housing support policy. Lastly, we propose building an online platform where young people can share their poor housing experiences and seek alternatives based on community values.

Inequalities in emergency care use across transition from paediatric to adult care: a retrospective cohort study of young people with chronic kidney disease in England.

Sociodemographic inequalities in emergency secondary care usage were evident in this cohort across the transition period, independent of age, with some variation between admissions and A&E use, and evidence of effect modification by transfer. Such inequalities likely have multifactorial origin, but importantly, could represent differential meetings of care needs. • In chronic kidney disease (CKD), transfer from paediatric to adult healthcare is associated with declining health outcomes. • Known differences in CKD outcomes by sociodemographic factors have limited prior exploration in the context of transfer. • Population-level data was used to examine the impacts of transfer and sociodemographic factors on unplanned secondary care utilisation in CKD. • Healthcare utilisation trends may not reflect known CKD pathophysiology and there may be unexplored sociodemographic inequalities in the experiences of young people across transfer.

Participation experiences of young people with cerebral palsy in key life situations: A qualitative study.

To explore the participation experiences of adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy (CP) in key life situations of young adulthood and investigate the impact of a government-funded, disability insurance scheme on participation and health service access. We conducted a qualitative descriptive study using semi-structured interviews. Sixteen young people with CP (aged 16-30 years; mean age = 24 years 4 months) participated. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim before thematic analysis. An overarching theme of 'branching out into adulthood' was identified. Participants described early adulthood as a time of change, choice, and challenge. The sub-themes were: (1) making sense of my CP as an adult; (2) people's attitudes towards disability and the impacts on me; (3) roadblocks and workarounds; and (4) participation at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants reported complex views on the new disability insurance scheme. While access to services and support increased, participants experienced significant difficulty negotiating appropriate funding, resulting in frustration and reduced confidence in the scheme. Young people with CP experience complexity as they participate during young adulthood. Alongside exploring how their identity is intertwined with having CP, they face significant barriers to participation when navigating relationships, accessing services, and being involved in the community.

After COVID-19: preparing staff for future surges in respiratory illness in children and improving well-being.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was a challenging experience for children and young people's services, and the workforce. The Valuing All Staff Together programme was a one-year project hosted by the North West Paediatric Critical Care, Surgery in Children, Long Term Ventilation Operational Delivery Network to support teams caring for children and young people to reflect on their experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using an online survey, focus groups and interviews, it gave staff the opportunity to explore and understand the effects of the pandemic and the subsequent surge in demand, including how these affected services and the emotional health and well-being of staff. This would enable better preparation for future surges in respiratory illness in terms of learning, training and development. This article describes the programme's aim, method and findings, and the main recommendations for practice.

The Kids are not alright - When did we start getting more more distressed?

IntroductionMuch has been made of the decline in population mental health over COVID but most studies show this just exacerabted a loing term trend This has predominnatly been attributed to changes in adolescent mental health over the past decade but there ahs been little evalaution of whether this post Millenium cohort was the first to demonstrate such a declineObjectivesThis study investigates to what extent mental differs in people born in different decades – i.e., possible birth cohort differences in the mental health of the popualtion over the past two decades To remove the linear dependency and identify any differences in trends between cohorts, we model mental health for each cohort as a nonlinear smooth function of age in an age-cohort model.MethodsThis analysis draws on 20 annual waves of the Household Income and Labour Dynamic in Australia (HILDA) survey.,is a nationally representative household panel that commenced in 2001 with 13,969 participants. The birth cohort of each person was defined by the decade of birth year(1940s, 1950s, etc). Mental ill health was assessed with the MHI5 from the SF36, in each wave and K10 from alternate waves. We estimate and compare penalized smooth trends in mental health for each cohort using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) using generalized additive mixed modelling (GAMM). Cohort effects are captured by directly estimating the differences between the smooth age trends of adjacent cohorts.ResultsLater cohorts were more likely to have poorer mental health, higher distress, more likely to be single and unemployed, and less likely to be chronically ill or disabled. Mental health was worse for younger age-groups in each survey year, and this discrepancy is much greater in more recent surveys - consistent with a birth cohort effect. Millennials (those born in the early 1990s) had a lower score at the same age as earlier generations, and the later cohorts do not show the age-related improvement seen in other earlier cohorts as they aged. At age 30 the average MHI-5 score of those born in the 1990s was 67, compared to 72.5 and 74 for people born in the 1980s and 1970s.ConclusionsThe deterioration in mental health over time which has been reported in large cross-sectional surveys, likely reflects cohort-specific effects related to the experiences of young people born in the Millennial generation and, to a lesser extent, those from the immediately prior cohort born in the1980s. We need to understand whether later cohorts are less resilient to similar risk factors experienced by earlier cohorts or whether they experience more and/or a greater severity of risks for mental ill-health. Such evidence is critical if the deteriorating pattern of mental health is to be arrested.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

The Emotional Impact of a Cancer Diagnosis: A Qualitative Study of Adolescent and Young Adult Experience.

The biographical disruption that occurs in adolescents and young adults following a cancer diagnosis can affect various important psychosocial domains including relationships with family and friends, sexual development, vocational and educational trajectories, and physical and emotional wellbeing. While there is evidence of the physical impact of cancer during this period, less is known about the impact on emotional wellbeing and especially on the barriers for young people accessing help and support. We aimed to obtain a more in-depth understanding of young people's experiences of their diagnosis, treatment, psychological impact, and range of resources they could or wanted to access for their mental health. We conducted an in-depth qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with 43 young people who had developed cancer aged 16 to 39 years and were either within 6 months of diagnosis or 3-5 years after treatment had ended. Framework analysis identified three themes: the emotional impact of cancer (expressed through anxiety, anger, and fear of recurrence); personal barriers to support through avoidance; and support to improve mental health through mental health services or adolescent and young adult treatment teams. We showed the barriers young people have to access care, particularly participant avoidance of support. Interrupting this process to better support young people and provide them with flexible, adaptable, consistent, long-term psychological support has the potential to improve their quality of life and wellbeing.

What Is the Patriarchy Doing in Our Bed? Violent Sexual-Affective Experiences Among Youth

Abstract Introduction In the context of a qualitative research study on sexual practices and risk among youth, repeated accounts of non-consensual sex and other forms of gender-based violence emerged. Drawing from that research, this article explores the influence of the patriarchal system on sexual-affective relationships among young people aged 18–25 years residing in Andalusia, Spain. Methods The fieldwork was conducted between March and May 2019. Six discussion groups were held with 39 participants segmented by gender, level of education, sexual orientation, and length of relationships. Results The results show that patriarchal constructs related to female body standards and the subordination of women’s pleasure to men’s, in addition to blackmail and sexual violence, continue to pervade the sexual-affective imaginaries and experiences of young people. Additionally, the participants’ discourses on patriarchal and sexual violence are interwoven with critical feminist points of view, revealing timid signs of resistance to the patriarchal order. Conclusions Women navigate inequality by assuming, negotiating, or rebelling against the different types of violence to which they are exposed in their intimate relationships. In their sexual-affective relationships, young people today are confronted with numerous tensions and contradictions. The discourse of females shifts between their right to seek pleasure and self-blaming, while trying to overcome feelings of shame and dismantling aesthetic standards or empowering themselves and claiming orgasm equality. Policy Implications The findings are applicable for the prevention of violence against young women in relationships of trust.

A mixed-method systematic review of the perspectives of young people, carers and professionals on psychiatric diagnosis in childhood and adolescence.

The significance and complexities of a psychiatric diagnosis have been well-documented in existing literature. Despite the reliability and accuracy of such diagnoses, the impact and use of diagnostic labelling on young people remains unclear. A systematic review was conducted using six databases, identifying 13 studies that explored psychiatric diagnosis experiences in professionals, caregivers, and young people. This review focuses on three main themes related to psychiatric diagnosis in young people. The first theme is diagnostic subjectivity, which explores the accuracy, usefulness, potential harm and alternatives (e.g. psychological formulation) to psychiatric diagnosis in this population. The second theme is the utility of psychiatric diagnosis, which considers whether it helps young people access appropriate support and gain a better understanding of themselves and their presenting issues. The third theme is stigma, which examines the negative experiences and discrimination that young people may face due to their psychiatric diagnosis. There is relatively limited literature which discusses the experience of psychiatric diagnosis in young people, caregivers and professionals. The available literature is difficult to compare due to discrepancies between methodologies and services, and there are several gaps i.e. a limited focus on the experience of young people themselves. Different views and experiences of psychiatric diagnosis among professionals, caregivers, and young people could impact young people's quality of life, access to healthcare, and identity development. The current literature needs to be more comprehensive to draw firm conclusions about young people's experiences with psychiatric diagnosis.

Exploring special guardianship: experiences of school belonging from the perspectives of the young people, guardians, and designated teachers

ABSTRACT This research explores school belonging (SB) experiences of young people in the UK who live under the legal status of a special guardianship order (SGO). A high proportion of these young people have had adverse childhood experiences, some are care experienced. This research uses case study to triangulate the perspectives of the young people, their guardians, and designated teachers (DTs) to develop understanding of school belonging, and considers the implications for educational psychologists (EPs), school policy, and staff practice. Seven case studies were undertaken, each including a young person, their guardian/s and their school DT, resulting in 21 semi-structured interviews. A hierarchical structured approach was used in all adult interviews, and personal construct psychology techniques were used in young people’s interviews. Individual case data were analysed using thematic analysis. Superordinate themes generated included identity, fitting in, diagnosis, agency, individuality and association, school’s community connection, systems as obstacles, relationship and connection to others, protection and autonomy, school processes, support and features, and organisational change. The findings emphasise the broad influences on the school belonging of this group, including individual characteristics, peer and staff relationships, school processes, and the communication and interaction between school, home, and the wider community.

Early Post-Transplant Adaptation Experience in Young and Middle-Aged People With Kidney Transplant in China: A Qualitative Study.

Successful adaptation to post-transplantation life in patients who have undergone kidney transplants is crucial. The psychosocial needs of people with kidney transplants are closely related to the health of the transplanted kidney. If transplant recipients cannot adapt to the effects of the transplant, their physical and mental health will be seriously impaired. The purpose of this study was to explore the early post-transplant adaptation experience of young and middle-aged persons with kidney transplants in China based on the Roy adaptation model. A qualitative descriptive study was conducted using semi-structured interviews. Fifteen young and middle-aged persons with kidney transplant were recruited from a tertiary hospital in China between September 2022 and March 2023 through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. This study identified 4 themes: (1) "two-sided" changes in physiological functioning, (2) "dawn and darkness" (conflicting perceived emotions about the future), (3) role functioning adaptation conflict and impairment, and (4) social isolation and the challenges of coping. This study found that early post-transplant adaptation in young and middle-aged people with kidney transplant included both positive and negative experiences, and these findings can provide new insights into research related to successful post-operative adaptation.

Young people's experiences of physical activity insecurity: a qualitative study highlighting intersectional disadvantage in the UK

BackgroundIntersecting socioeconomic and demographic reasons for physical activity (PA) inequalities are not well understood for young people at risk of experiencing marginalisation and living with disadvantage. This study explored young people’s experiences of PA in their local area, and the associated impacts on opportunities for good physical and emotional health and wellbeing.MethodsSeven local youth groups were purposefully sampled from disadvantaged areas across urban, rural and coastal areas of England, including two that were specifically for LGBTQ + young people. Each group engaged in three interlinked focus groups which explored young people’s perceptions and lived experience of PA inequalities. Data were analysed using an inductive, reflexive thematic approach to allow for flexibility in coding.ResultsFifty five young people aged 12–21 years of different sexualities, gender and ethnicity took part. Analysis yielded four themes: PA experiences across spaces; resigned to a lack of inclusivity and ‘belonging’; safety first; complexities in access and accessibility. Young people felt more comfortable to be active in spaces that were simpler to navigate, particularly outdoor locations largely based in nature. In contrast, local gyms and sports clubs, and the school environment in general, were spoken about often in negative terms and as spaces where they experienced insecurity, unsafety or discomfort. It was common for these young people to feel excluded from PA, often linked to their gender and sexuality. Lived experiences or fears of being bullied and harassed in many activity spaces was a powerful message, but in contrast, young people perceived their local youth club as a safe space. Intersecting barriers related to deprivation, gender and sexuality, accessibility, disability, Covid-19, affordability, ethnicity, and proximity of social networks. A need emerged for safe spaces in which young people can come together, within the local community and choose to be active.ConclusionsThe overarching concept of ‘physical activity insecurity’ emerged as a significant concern for the young people in this study. We posit that PA insecurity in this context can be described as a limited or restricted ability to be active, reinforced by worries and lived experiences of feeling uncomfortable, insecure, or unsafe.

Experiences of young people growing up in a family with Huntington's disease: A meta-ethnography of qualitative research.

Huntington's disease is a genetic neurodegenerative condition with wide physical and psychological impacts. Children of a parent with the condition have a 50% chance of carrying the gene expansion and developing the condition themselves. This systematic review and meta-ethnography presents a synthesis of the qualitative research on the experiences of young people growing up in a family with Huntington's disease. The MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases were systematically searched, and 13 papers met the inclusion criteria. Through the process of meta-ethnography, four themes were identified highlighting aspects of childhood that were stolen and fought for: thief of relationships, thief of self, thief of transparency, and search for reclamation. Within the themes, the complex challenges young people faced when growing up in a HD family were explored such as the impact of adverse childhood experiences and the possible effects of HD on attachment and social relationships. Clinical implications are considered, and recommendations are made for future research.

A Qualitative Study on Kerala Youth Diaspora

The experiences and challenges the Kerala youth diaspora face are poorly understood. While there is some research on migration and diaspora in Kerala, there is a need for more focused research on the experiences of young people in the diaspora. The Kerala youth diaspora also faces challenges, such as adapting to new cultures, dealing with discrimination, and maintaining their cultural identity. Many young Keralite struggles to balance their traditional values with the demands of a new environment, which can cause stress and anxiety. This research paper aims to address this gap by exploring the experiences of the Kerala youth diaspora and how they contribute to the development of Kerala and to examine the experiences of the Kerala youth diaspora and identify ways to support and engage with them. By engaging with the diaspora and understanding their experiences, this research paper can contribute to creating policies and programs that better meet their needs and support their engagement with Kerala. This can lead to a more inclusive and sustainable approach to development that leverages the potential of the Kerala youth diaspora and other diaspora communities.

Young people's priorities for the self-management of distress after stoma surgery due to inflammatory bowel disease: A consensus study using online nominal group technique.

The aim of this study was to gain consensus among young people with a stoma due to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on the priorities for the content of an intervention for the self-management of stoma-related distress. The current identification and management of distress in young people with a stoma is often suboptimal in clinical settings and there is a need for improved support resources. Two consensus group meetings were carried out via online video conferencing, using nominal group technique. Participants generated, rated on a Likert scale and discussed, topics for inclusion in a future self-management intervention. Nineteen young people, aged 19-33, with a stoma due to IBD took part in one of two group meetings. Participants were located across England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. Twenty-nine topics were generated by participants, seven of which reached consensus of ≥80%, that is, a mean of ≥5.6 on a 7-point Likert scale. These were: receiving advice from young people with lived experience of stoma surgery; advice on/addressing concerns about romantic relationships, sex and intimacy; information about fertility and pregnancy related to stoma surgery; stoma 'hacks', for example, useful everyday tips regarding clothing, making bag changes easier and so forth; reflecting on and recognising own emotional response to surgery; tips on managing the stoma during the night; and processing trauma related to the illness and surgery journey. Findings extend previous research on young people's experiences of stoma surgery, by generating consensus on young people's priorities for managing distress related to surgery and living with a stoma. These priorities include topics not previously reported in the literature, including the need for information about fertility and pregnancy. Findings will inform the development of a self-management resource for young people with an IBD stoma and have relevance for the clinical management of stoma-related distress in this population. Three patient contributors are co-authors on this paper, having contributed to the study design, interpretation of results and writing of the manuscript. The study's Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement advisory group also had an integral role in the study. They met with the research team for four 2-h virtual meetings, giving input on the aims and purpose of the study, recruitment methods, and interpretation of findings. The group also advised on the age range for participants. The views of young people with a stoma are the central component of the study reported in this paper, which aims to gain consensus among young people with an IBD stoma on their priorities for the content of a resource to self-manage distress related to stoma surgery.

Young people's experiences of the Northern Rivers 2017 flood and its effects on their mental health.

To explore young people's (YP) experiences of catastrophic flooding in the Northern Rivers area of northern NSW in 2017 and its effect on their mental health. Content analysis of free-text survey responses (written responses to open questions, rather than selecting a response option). Northern Rivers NSW. YP aged 16-25 years who were Northern Rivers residents at the time of the 2017 flood. YP found their flood experience to be novel and challenging. They expressed worry, distress, anxiety, and worsened pre-existing mental health issues as a result of the flood. YP reported a number of primary stressors (inadequate preparedness, warning and support during the flood) and secondary stressors (loss/damage of property and possessions, financial strain and disruptions to daily life) which potentially contributed to poor mental health. Some YP reported positive outcomes from their flood experience, notably increased community connectedness and personal resilience. However, they also expressed concern for the future, particularly potential reoccurrence of extreme floods as well as climate change. YP conveyed a desire for better community involvement to improve preparedness for future floods and a clear motivation to take action on climate change. The flood was a challenging experience for YP which was commonly described as negatively affecting their mental health. Understanding what YP view as significant events or issues arising from their personal flood experience may help target support mechanisms and services to maintain their mental. More focus on community-based initiatives to improve disaster preparedness can support mental health in YP.

The experience of seeking and accessing help from mental health services among young people of Eastern European backgrounds: A qualitative interview study.

Most lifetime mental health problems (MHP) start before the age of 25. Yet young people-particularly those of minority backgrounds-often do not seek or access professional help. In the UK, young people of Eastern European (EE) backgrounds represent a large minority group; however, little is known about their experiences of MHP and help-seeking. In this study, we aim to understand the help-seeking process from the perspectives of EE young people. We used a qualitative study design with semi-structured individual interviews. The results were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Twelve young people (18-25 years) of EE backgrounds, living in Oxfordshire, UK, took part. All participants had experienced a severe MHP and were identified in the community. EE young people's experiences of MHP and help-seeking were driven by a sense of being caught between different cultures and simultaneously needing to navigate the potentially contrasting expectations of both cultures. This process was reinforced or tempered by the perceived continuing influence of young people's families, that is, families with more open views about MHP made it easier for young people to navigate through the process of help-seeking. Young people's internalised cultural and familial beliefs about MHP affected their decision-making when experiencing difficulties, their levels of trust in services, and perceived sense of resourcefulness and ability to cope. Recognising and responding to the cultural tension that young people of EE backgrounds may experience can help us to develop more accessible and inclusive mental health services.

Towards a critical pedagogy of trans-inclusive education in UK secondary schools

ABSTRACT School systems within the UK are embedded within cultures of normative gender narratives. Such cultures can create difficult environments for gender diverse young people which in turn contribute to poorer academic attainment and long-term health and wellbeing outcomes. In an attempt to understand how to foster better understanding within schools, we drew upon the lived experience of gender diverse young people. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), this research explored the experience of six transgender and non-binary young people who reflected on their experience of secondary education in the UK. Drawing on critical pedagogy as a theoretical framework, we found that: unsupportive school environments and relationships led to decreased mental health and feelings of Otherness; gender diversity was a contentious topic not found within curriculums; and teachers had the potential to create and foster positive experiences within a pedagogy of gender diverse affirmative partnership. To facilitate this, there is a need for institutional support allowing teachers to critically interrogate the structural embeddedness of cisgenderism in educational spaces, and within cultures of pathologised self-identified gender identities.

"It's On Your Shoulders Now" Transitioning from Child-to-Adult UK Cleft Lip/Palate Services: An Exploration of Young Adults' Narratives.

Treatment for cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) in the United Kingdom is administered on a standardised pathway from diagnosis to early adulthood, with options to be re-referred in later life. At age 16, patients become responsible for their treatment decisions. Evidence from the wider health literature indicates this transition can be challenging and that this population may require additional support. The present study explored young people's experiences of transition to adult care in the context of CL/P services, with the aim of identifying support needs and informing future service delivery. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 individuals with CL/P (aged 17-25 years) to explore transition experiences. Interviews lasted an average of 69 min and data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Four themes, with subthemes, were identified: 1) Readiness for Transition covered feelings of preparedness and how health professionals approached transition; 2) Making Decisions as an Adult described concerns and considerations when making treatment decisions; 3) Finding and Using Support, reflected the roles of caregivers and peers in developing self-advocacy; and 4) Reflections on Transition Care offered insight into how care could be improved. Individuals born with CL/P may experience challenges in becoming responsible for their own care and treatment decisions. The findings of this study indicate that a dedicated transition protocol may be beneficial, such that adolescents are prepared to confidently access and manage their care into adulthood. Opportunities for improvements in transition planning and provision are discussed.

Trauma and Unaccompanied Child Migration in US History: Reflections from the Archives

Abstract: Through detailed analysis of archival records, Anita Casavantes Bradford traces the history of the clinical, academic, and popular understandings of trauma as it influenced US immigration policy for unaccompanied migrant children during the twentieth century. She questions why adults charged with the care of unaccompanied minors have "(mis)understood … (mis)managed … and (mis)represented" children as traumatized, both unintentionally and deliberately, in order to advance adult objectives. Casavantes Bradford provides a historical overview of US immigration and refugee polices since the 1930s as applied to unaccompanied migrant children. This history also traces the evolution of clinical and popular definitions of trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)—officially recognized by psychologists in 1980—and suggests that policies for managing and mitigating trauma among unaccompanied minors often led to negative consequences. These polices, above all, were often based on geopolitical and domestic political considerations rather than the welfare of children, according to Casavantes Bradford. Thus, during the 1980s, unaccompanied minors from Haiti and Central America reaching the United States faced detention and deportation, while Sudanese "lost boys" were granted preferential treatment that aligned with US national security interests in Africa. Since the 1930s, markers of difference such as race, class, and religion have also played fundamental roles in which unaccompanied minors have been given the "right to be traumatized" and resettlement. Casavantes Bradford cautions researchers against interpreting migrant children's experiences through biased or ahistorical notions of trauma that oversimplify individual young people's experiences and their potential resilience. Historians and others should critically examine their own assumptions when studying trauma and the experiences of unaccompanied migrant children.