Lived Experience Research Articles

Patient-initiated follow-up supported by asynchronous telemedicine versus usual care in spondyloarthritis (TeleSpA-study): a randomised controlled trial of clinical and cost-effectiveness.

With rising health-care expenditures and workforce shortages, sustainable alternatives to traditional outpatient follow-up strategies are required to optimise care efficiency. We aimed to investigate the cost-effectiveness and clinical effectiveness of patient-initiated follow-up (PIFU) supported by asynchronous telemedicine for patients with spondyloarthritis compared with usual care in daily practice. TeleSpA was a multicentre, pragmatic, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Patients with spondyloarthritis and stable disease were randomly assigned (1:1) to either the PIFU and asynchronous telemedicine group or usual care group. All patients received a scheduled outpatient visit at baseline and after 1 year. Patients were monitored remotely at 6 months (PIFU and asynchronous telemedicine) or at the discretion of the treating rheumatologist (usual care). The primary outcome was the number of rheumatology visits within a 1-year period. A trial-based 1-year health-economic evaluation from a Dutch health-care perspective (only including health-care costs) and societal perspective (also including travel costs and work productivity losses), per the Dutch guidelines was used to estimate cost-effectiveness. The safety analysis was done in the intention-to-treat population and was based on spontaneous reports of adverse events and serious adverse events or as observed by the research team. The primary analysis was in the intention-to-treat population. Individuals with relevant lived experience were involved in the study design. This trial was registered with the Dutch National Trial Register (NL71041.068.19) and ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04673825) and is completed. Between Dec 2, 2020, and June 20, 2022, 200 patients were randomly assigned to PIFU and asynchronous telemedicine (n=100) or usual care (n=100). 79 (40%) of 200 participants were women, 121 (60%) were men, and the mean age was 55·0 years (SD 11·9). After 1 year, the mean number of rheumatology visits was 1·9 (SD 1·5) for the PIFU and asynchronous telemedicine group and 2·6 (1·3) in the usual care group (mean difference -0·7 [95% CI -1·0 to -0·3]; 25·4% reduction; p<0·0001). PIFU and asynchronous telemedicine was cost-effective from a health-care perspective, saving health-care costs (-€180 [95% CI -921 to 560]) without a loss in quality-adjusted life-years (0·004 [95 % CI -0·022 to 0·030]). Seven non-trial-related adverse events occurred in the PIFU and asynchronous telemedicine group and eight in usual care group (including one death). PIFU and asynchronous telemedicine resulted in significant and clinically meaningful reductions in rheumatology visits. This was not at the expense of health outcomes and saved health-care costs. Dutch Arthritis Society.

The Lived Experiences of Students with Bullying in King Khalid University: A Qualitative Approach Study

Psychological health and physiological health are crucial issues for educational institutes. However, bullying in universities remains a significant social issue that requires a deep understanding from the bully’s perspective. This qualitative study investigated students with lived experiences of bullying in two medical colleges at King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia. Nine male students participated in this study through semi-structured group discussions using open-ended questions. The discussions were transcribed, and the data were thematically analyzed. Four themes were identified: (i) the prevalence of bullying, (ii) bullying experiences, (iii) the institutional policy of bullying, and (iv) factors contributing to bullying. Findings showed that students lacked knowledge of their colleges’ anti-bullying policies, and verbal bullying was the prevalent form of bullying in interactions among students and between students and lecturers. In addition, cyberbullying was extended to digital platforms, as indicated by a number of participants. The participants also highlighted the significance of anti-bullying policies, believing that better awareness would empower students to address bullying more effectively. Recommendations were made for universities to implement anti-bullying policies and ensure their visibility to assist students in dealing with bullying situations.

Challenges and opportunities of sustained public involvement in maternal health research: a practice case study with reflections from researchers and public contributors

It is widely agreed that collaboration with people with lived experience of specific health conditions or health services is both a moral imperative and a utility to improve research quality, validity and impact. However, there is little agreement about how to practise public involvement. In this article, we describe the formation and work of the Nottingham Maternity Research Network, an ongoing research reference panel that supports public involvement in maternal health research. Drawing on nine years’ experience, researchers and public contributors reflect together on the key issues to consider when co-producing research with maternity service users: first, pragmatic considerations, and second, creating a safe space for drawing on intimate and sometimes traumatic experiences. We argue that a sustained model of public involvement and engagement – that is, a standing group rather than a series of project-based, time-limited opportunities for involvement – brings opportunities to build trust and to develop a community that is supportive and inclusive. However, the sustained model of public involvement also brings practical challenges.

'Unmasking Pain' through creativity: A phenomenological study of person-centred pain exploration for people living with chronic pain.

'Unmasking Pain' is an innovative artist-led project to explore creative approaches for telling stories of life with persistent pain. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore and describe the lived experience of taking part in 'Unmasking Pain' from the perspectives of people living with pain (workshop attendees), artists (workshop facilitators) and pain rehabilitation specialists. Informed by descriptive phenomenology, data was collected via semi-structured interviews with three artists (workshop facilitators), five workshop attendees (all living with persistent pain) and one pain rehabilitation specialist. Data was analysed using thematic analysis for descriptive phenomenology. Three themes emerged from the analysis: Theme 1 Space to Breathe, reflects the context of 'Unmasking Pain' such as the conditions, environment and setting that people experienced; Theme 2 Flexibility to Participate, reflects the experience of the process of 'Unmasking Pain' such as the actions or internal workings/behaviours of the experience; and Theme 3 Possibility for Change, reflects the cognitive or emotional experience of 'Unmasking Pain'. There were nine sub-themes: 1(a) Dissolved hierarchy, 1(b) Human connection, and 1(c) Personally meaningful; 2(a) Go with the flow, 2(b) Enjoyable experience, and 2(c) Curiosity to step into the unknown; and 3(a) Reforming pain, 3(b) Liberating in the moment (now), and 3(c) Gives you a boost (future). In conclusion, the uniqueness of 'Unmasking Pain' was to creatively facilitate curiosity and exploration of pain in a non-clinical, sociocultural, humanised context, to enable the possibility of a different pain experience. The findings from this qualitative study exploring the lived experience of taking part in 'Unmasking Pain' demonstrates the power and opportunity of the Arts sector and artist-led activities to support people with chronic pain to have a better pain experience.

Humanizing neuropsychological assessment: The role of empathy

Context Recent research and the majority of neuropsychological testing manuals emphasize the importance of establishing a proper relationship between the evaluator and the evaluatee. However, there is relatively little empirical research on this point. Objectives The objective of this study was to operationalize empathy in the evaluator/evaluatee relationship during neuropsychological assessment. The subsequent aim was to determine the impact of this empathy on the evaluator/evaluatee relationship and cognitive performance. Methods The participants, designated as “evaluatees”, were randomly assigned to complete a brief neuropsychological test in either an empathic (N = 47) or neutral condition (N = 47). The neuropsychological tests included the Stroop task from the GREFEX battery, the Letter-Number Sequencing from the WAIS-IV, and the d2 test of attention. Following the tests, participants completed scales indicating perceived relationship with the evaluator, lived experience of the test, and sociodemographic information. Results The manipulation check indicated that it was possible to manipulate empathy. Evaluators demonstrating empathy led to a better evaluator/evaluatee relationship. However, the results regarding cognitive performance were less consistent. Conclusions In conclusion, there is a need for improvement in clinical neuropsychological practice with regard to relational competencies during testing. This study proposes benchmarks to make the evaluator’s empathy perceptible. This technique has not been shown to have a consistent effect on cognitive performance.

Exploring autism-friendly initiatives in Australian airports: ‘A lot better than a lot of airports that I’ve experienced’

ABSTRACT This study examines the effectiveness of autism-friendly initiatives implemented at two major Australian airports: Sydney and Gold Coast. As accessible air travel is essential for the social inclusion of Autistic individuals, ensuring that airports meet their specific needs is critical. Focusing on the lived experiences of Autistic adults and parents of Autistic children, the research seeks to assess how well these initiatives align with the needs of Autistic travellers and to identify any opportunities to further enhance airport accessibility. Through reflexive thematic analysis of interviews with 13 participants, the study generated themes related to persistent sensory challenges, the importance of planning and accessible quiet spaces, and the significant benefits associated with the Hidden Disability Sunflower lanyard. Although participants acknowledged the strides made in improving accessibility, they also highlighted areas that would benefit from further attention, particularly in communication and proactive support from airport personnel. The findings emphasise the pivotal role airports play in either facilitating or hindering the travel experiences and opportunities of Autistic individuals. The study concludes with a call for policy and practice reforms, advocating for the broader implementation of standardised autism-friendly initiatives and comprehensive staff training to ensure a consistently supportive environment for Autistic travellers.

Crafting Subverses: A Narrative Analysis of the Experience of Losing a Parent through Intimate Partner Homicide

Abstract Purpose Losing a parent due to intimate partner homicide is a traumatic experience, exacerbated by homicide and the associated grief being a taboo in many western cultures. This study investigated the experiences of young people and adults bereaved by parental intimate partner homicide during childhood, to gain a better understanding of how they make sense of and share their personal story after such a loss. Methods Within the context of a larger study, we conducted twelve semi-structured interviews with people with lived experience of such deaths in Australia and used narrative analysis to interpret the data. Results Participants were frequently confronted with imposed narratives (i.e., from family, practitioners, peers) about the homicide, their parents, and their own identities, leading to a deep sense of loneliness and feeling misunderstood, powerless, and silenced. In various ways, participants resisted imposed narratives and took control over their stories. This process was difficult but could lead to improved and more authentic relationships with oneself, family, and others. In this way, participants used their experiences to transform themselves and others, sometimes by becoming advocates or practitioners supporting others with similar experiences. Conclusions We named this process of taking control of one’s story “crafting subverses.” It involved making sense of and sharing experiences of trauma and grief for personal healing and social justice. Helping children craft their “subverses” may be an important aspect of gaining a deeper understanding of how to support them. Provision of carefully tailored peer mentoring, professional support and opportunities to influence programs and policy appear key to better support systems for those bereaved due to parental intimate partner homicide.

An Exploration of Students’ Lived Experience of Being Remote Learners: An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis

This study sought to explore a deeper understanding of the lived experience of students who underwent remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Following the qualitative phenomenology research paradigm, seven demographically diverse participants took part from different universities. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was employed to explore how participants made sense of their experiences. A rigorous analysis of students’ reflections and online interviews revealed three overarching themes: constructive experience, deconstructive experience, and futuristic sense-making of remote learning practice. This study proposes various solutions and evidence-based recommendations to enhance students’ experiences of remote learning, as well as directions for future research. Keywords: Remote, Learners, Experiences, Phenomenology

User Preference Maps: Quantifying the Built Environment

The built environment in which we live holds the potential to provide life experiences that allow pedestrians to observe, feel, learn, and grow through their surroundings in everyday urban spaces. If a city offers opportunities for careful observation and exploration according to users’ preferences, it will become more appealing to many people. This study selected Midtown, New York, as the research site and collected a total of seven datasets based on 30 intersections in the area. The data, categorized into three main areas—activity, comfort, and natural elements—were evaluated, visualized, and restructured using a path exploration algorithm to produce a final user-based map. For this, 3D modeling software Rhino version 7, visual programming tool Grasshopper, and Grasshopper verion 2023 plugin programs were used. The final result included 3D route information, quantitative measurement data, and multidimensional visual materials. This approach presents an alternative to traditional route navigation based on uniform criteria and, through data-driven design, is believed to ultimately enhance walkability, activate urban spaces, and contribute to the development of sustainable cities. The scope of related research can further expand as the targets, duration, and methods of data collection continue to evolve and as case studies in various cities increase.

Online Instructional Supervision in an Advanced Higher Education

The continuity of learning in graduate and post-graduate education was ensured through online instructional supervision during the COVID-19 pandemic. This initiative aligns with the fourth Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 4), emphasizing the preservation of quality education amidst unprecedented challenges. The pandemic-induced shift to online learning environments underscored the critical need for robust supervisory practices that promote equitable and inclusive education for all students in the graduate studies. Employing a phenomenological approach, this study explored the experiences of 15 internal stakeholders involved in online instructional delivery at a state-funded university. The thematic analysis yielded five key insights: the lived experiences of internal stakeholders during the pandemic, transformative shifts in work and learning dynamics, perceptions of the internal stakeholders on online supervision, strategies for effective online supervision, and the opportunities and challenges inherent in this modality. Despite inherent limitations, online instructional supervision in advanced higher education during the pandemic proved to be both complex and transformative. The study recommends ongoing investment in human capital and technological infrastructure by educational institutions to secure sustainable educational outcomes for graduate and post-graduate students in the long term.

A SIMBA CoMICs Initiative to Cocreating and Disseminating Evidence-Based, Peer-Reviewed Short Videos on Social Media: Mixed Methods Prospective Study.

Social media is a powerful platform for disseminating health information, yet it is often riddled with misinformation. Further, few guidelines exist for producing reliable, peer-reviewed content. This study describes a framework for creating and disseminating evidence-based videos on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and thyroid conditions to improve health literacy and tackle misinformation. The study aims to evaluate the creation, dissemination, and impact of evidence-based, peer-reviewed short videos on PCOS and thyroid disorders across social media. It also explores the experiences of content creators and assesses audience engagement. This mixed methods prospective study was conducted between December 2022 and May 2023 and comprised five phases: (1) script generation, (2) video creation, (3) cross-platform publication, (4) process evaluation, and (5) impact evaluation. The SIMBA-CoMICs (Simulation via Instant Messaging for Bedside Application-Combined Medical Information Cines) initiative provides a structured process where medical concepts are simplified and converted to visually engaging videos. The initiative recruited medical students interested in making visually appealing and scientifically accurate videos for social media. The students were then guided to create video scripts based on frequently searched PCOS- and thyroid-related topics. Once experts confirmed the accuracy of the scripts, the medical students produced the videos. The videos were checked by clinical experts and experts with lived experience to ensure clarity and engagement. The SIMBA-CoMICs team then guided the students in editing these videos to fit platform requirements before posting them on TikTok, Instagram, YouTube, and Twitter. Engagement metrics were tracked over 2 months. Content creators were interviewed, and thematic analysis was performed to explore their experiences. The 20 videos received 718 likes, 120 shares, and 54,686 views across all platforms, with TikTok (19,458 views) and Twitter (19,678 views) being the most popular. Engagement increased significantly, with follower growth ranging from 5% on Twitter to 89% on TikTok. Thematic analysis of interviews with 8 out of 38 participants revealed 4 key themes: views on social media, advice for using social media, reasons for participating, and reflections on the project. Content creators highlighted the advantages of social media, such as large outreach (12 references), convenience (10 references), and accessibility to opportunities (7 references). Participants appreciated the nonrestrictive participation criteria, convenience (8 references), and the ability to record from home using prewritten scripts (6 references). Further recommendations to improve the content creation experience included awareness of audience demographics (9 references), sharing content on multiple platforms (5 references), and collaborating with organizations (3 references). This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the SIMBA CoMICs initiative in training medical students to create accurate medical information on PCOS and thyroid disorders for social media dissemination. The model offers a scalable solution to combat misinformation and improve health literacy.

"All the horrible emotions have passed, I still remained, and I was safe": A qualitative study of Lesbian and Gay people's lived experience of completing a full Dialectical Behaviour Therapy programme.

Lesbian and Gay people (LGP) experience higher rates of mental health difficulties, including self-harm, suicidal behaviours, as well as inequalities in health care, than their heterosexual peers. Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) is an evidence-based treatment for self-harm and suicidal behaviours, though there is little research on LGP's experiences of DBT. This research aims to explore LGP's experiences of completing a full DBT programme. A qualitative design with semi-structured individual interviews was utilised. The results were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Six lesbian and two gay adults, aged between 22 and 47 years, living in the United Kingdom took part. All participants had completed a full programme of DBT within the 2 years prior to the interview. Four superordinate themes emerged from the data: (1) The DBT journey; (2) Connections and Sense of Community during DBT; (3) Sexuality both visible and invisible in DBT and (4) A Gender, Sexuality and Relationship Diverse (GSRD) affirmative future for DBT. Several clinical implications are suggested to improve DBT for LGP, for example to consider having other LGP within DBT groups, to create a more GSRD-affirming DBT (changes to the DBT manual, DBT therapists, DBT programme and physical DBT space), to adapt DBT techniques to manage sexuality-related difficulties and to adopt a GSRD-centric framework. Overall, DBT appears to be beneficial for LGP.

Empowering Young People in Shaping an Intersectional Future for Public Spaces

Public spaces, such as squares, urban parks, and communal areas are arenas that reflect societal values and power structures, influencing who has access and how they engage with these spaces. This viewpoint explores the application of intersectionality—considering factors like gender, race, and socioeconomic status—in understanding how diverse identities shape the lived experience of young people in public spaces. More specifically, it focuses on girls, and it reflects on the intersectional challenges girls face in four different contexts to include Belgium, South Africa, Iran, and Sweden. The analysis reveals the complexities of safety, accessibility, and inclusion girls face across all cases. This viewpoint underscores the value in using an intersectional lens in designing inclusive public spaces and highlights the pivotal role of young people as advocates for change.

Retaining LGBTQQIA+ Faculty to Tenure and Beyond

In recent years, academia has attempted to be more open and accepting of diverse identities to better serve the campus community. To this end, there has been increased programming to focus on inclusiveness of marginalized identities such as LGBTQQIA+. However, much of this programming has centered on the student experience and neglected tenure-seeking faculty, who are generally used to carrying out such programming rather than benefiting from it. The purpose of this study was to examine the lived experiences of tenure-seeking counselor education faculty during their tenure-seeking process. Using consensual qualitative research (CQR) as an analytical framework, the authors found three core ideas: identity, vetting, and support.

A new life with a new language: Russophone immigrants’ reflections about language learning

IntroductionThis research investigates resilience and lived experiences of transnational Russophone families amidst global changes, with a focus on the intricate dynamics of communities spread across borders. The study emphasizes the importance of considering individual migrant experiences in understanding language learning and integration. We explored perceptions of local language proficiency among Russophones; challenges faced by adult Russophones in learning a new language; attitudes and experiences of adults regarding language learning; and strategies Russophone immigrants use to address gaps in the target language.MethodsMethodologically, the research employs ethnographic and thematic analyses, drawing on a diverse array of sources including interviews, social media posts, and personal communications. This approach highlights the necessity of considering both prompted responses and spontaneous discussions to capture authentic opinions on language learning from various perspectives.ResultsThe study underscores the interconnectedness and interdependence within transnational families, illustrating how their lives are shaped by factors that transcend national boundaries. The examination of their diverse experiences reveals their capacity to endure and overcome challenges of integrating into new societies. Russophone migrants’ attitudes toward language learning highlight how learning the host country’s language enhances integration and social mobility, while maintaining the native language preserves cultural heritage, although second-generation immigrants often feel disconnected from their linguistic roots.DiscussionStudies by various authors discuss challenges which immigrants face when adapting to a new linguistic environment. This project emphasizes the impact of language learning on identity and reveals cultural flexibility in attaining social justice in multicultural contexts. These insights suggest that language programs and policies should address both the practical needs of immigrants and the preservation of their cultural identities taking into account their naïve views about language learning.

Evaluation of a Question Prompt List About Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Prevention After Hypertensive Pregnancy: A Pilot Study.

The aim of this study was to pilot test a question prompt list (QPL) about cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction after hypertensive pregnancy (HDP). In a prospective cohort study of adult women who had HDP given the QPL before and surveyed after a physician visit, we assessed perceived person-centred care, self-efficacy for self-management, perceived self-management and QPL feasibility. Twenty-three women participated: 57% of diverse ethno-cultural groups, 65% < 40 years of age and 48% immigrants. Most scored high for person-centred care (mean 4.1 ± 0.2/5); and moderately for self-efficacy (mean 7.4 ± 0.6/10) and self-management (mean 3.1 ± 0.3/5). Most appreciated QPL design and reported QPL benefits: helped them to prepare for the visit and know what to ask; increased confidence to ask questions, knowledge of the link between HDP and CVD and lifestyle behaviours to reduce CVD risk. Most reported that physicians were receptive to discussing QPL questions. Women appreciated the QPL and knowledge about self-management was high but self-efficacy for or perceived self-management was moderate. It appears feasible to share a QPL with ethno-culturally diverse women who can share it with physicians to facilitate discussions about post-pregnancy HDP-related CVD risk. This study involved women who experienced HDP and engaged ethno-culturally diverse women with lived experience of HDP as study advisors in all stages of the research.

A Study of Realistic Love View in Love in a Fallen City

Love in a Fallen City is an early work by Eileen Chang, written during the war in Hong Kong. The work describes the tug of war in the relationships between Bai Liusu and Fan Liuyuan. It is about love, marriage, and human nature. This paper talks about the realistic love view in Love in a Fallen City in three parts, the love view shown in the work, and the influence of the author’s life experience and the historical background. This paper adds research about why the author’s writing style is different from mainstream research about the character image analysis of the work and the comparison between works. The author believes that the love view expressed by Eileen Chang in her works has realistic and sad colors. Eileen Chang uses the detailed portrayal of the protagonist’s inner thoughts and behaviors to echo real life. The seemingly happy ending also implies the sadness of the couple’s Superficial harmony and spiritual separation. At the same time, the content of the work is closely related to the author’s own experience. Eileen Chang incorporated her own experiences and the background of the war when creating the protagonist’s experience, which makes the content and style of her work extremely realistic. Therefore, it has become one of Eileen Chang’s most popular works.

On the Journey: a qualitative study of a community-based, client-centred eating disorder recovery group

BackgroundCommunity-based eating disorder (ED) treatment frequently includes manualized group-based psychoeducation facilitated by a mental health clinician. Body Brave, a non-profit ED organization, developed a novel, participant-guided, community-based virtual healthcare provider (HCP)-facilitated support program called On the Journey (OtJ). The program was designed for people with longstanding EDs who had previously participated in group or individual ED programs but require continued support in their recovery. The purpose of the study was to describe the development and components of OtJ and to understand participant perceptions of the program and its effect on their recovery.MethodsUsing a formative and community-engaged research design, we conducted semi-structured interviews with three OtJ facilitators and focus groups with twelve OtJ clients. Transcripts were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s six-stage approach to reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsFour main themes were generated from the data (1) “Designing and Evolving OtJ” (2) “Is OtJ a Treatment or Support Group?” (3) “Fostering a Safe Environment throughout Program Delivery” and (4) “The Power of Lived Experience.” Clients noted several strengths of the OtJ program: fostering a sense of community, valuing client autonomy, and providing accessible ED support.ConclusionsKey considerations for other organizations looking to offer programming similar to OtJ include having skilled and clinically trained facilitators and prescreening discussion topics to ensure that conversations are productive towards recovery. OtJ supports people with longstanding EDs, and other organizations could consider adopting a similar model of care. This study contributes to the growing body of including lived ED experience in research.

The evolution of ACEs: From coping behaviors to epigenetics as explanatory frameworks for the biology of adverse childhood experiences

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have become a topic of public and scientific attention. ACEs denote a range of negative experiences in early life, from sexual abuse to emotional neglect, that are thought to impact health over the life course. The term was coined in the CDC-Kaiser ACE Study, an epidemiological study that surveyed 17,421 adults about ACEs and correlated the responses with participants’ current health records. Shortly after the study was published in 1998, the US CDC deemed ACEs an important public health target; however, it is only recently that ACEs feature prominently in scientific and public discourses. We contend that this rise in popularity is linked to the adoption of epigenetic explanations for how ACEs affect health. Based on a literature analysis, we trace the evolution of explanatory frameworks for ACEs—from coping behaviors to allostatic load to epigenetics—and analyze how each of these explanations not only reconsiders the mechanisms by which ACEs affect health, but also who should be held responsible for addressing ACEs and how. Epigenetics provides distinctly different discursive possibilities than previous frameworks: firstly, it offers one distinct molecular mechanism for how ACEs work, lending “molecular credibility” to epidemiological findings; secondly, it raises the possibility of reversing the negative effects of ACEs on the biological level. This epigenetic articulation makes ACEs attractive for new actors in science and society. Particularly, it facilitates novel interdisciplinary collaborations and attracts actors in health advocacy who are interested in non-deterministic readings of ACEs that counteract stigma and support positive health interventions and healing.

Differences in Pediatricians' Income by Sex Over Time.

Previous Pediatrician Life and Career Experience Study (PLACES) 2016 data revealed that female pediatricians reported earning ∼94% of what male pediatricians reported, after adjusting for factors that might impact income. Has this disparity persisted? Data from PLACES, a national longitudinal study, was used to examine pediatrician-reported income from 2017 to 2022. A regression analysis estimated the adjusted differences in female and male pediatricians' annual income for each survey year. Models included sex and other key personal and practice characteristics for which female and male pediatricians' careers might differ. A mixed effects regression for longitudinal analysis examined income across years for female and male pediatricians and if time-variant characteristics are associated with increased or decreased income. PLACES participation ranged from 83.6% in 2017% to 75.5% in 2022 (analytic n = 1251 in 2017 and 1077 in 2022). The unadjusted mean annual income in 2022 was $237 168, $220 374 for female pediatricians and $284 286 for male pediatricians. Adjusting for key characteristics, female pediatrician income was ∼93% of male pediatrician income, a gap of ∼$ 11 000 annually. Income increased across years (coefficient = 0.03, P < .001). The year-sex interaction was not significant, indicating that the female-male disparity did not change over time. Three time-variant characteristics associated with increased income over time included increased portion of continuous full-time work, work hours, and time in administrative work. A national longitudinal study revealed that female pediatricians reported earning ∼93% of what their male colleagues reported, with a consistent gap from 2017 to 2022.