Experience In Egypt Research Articles

Ozone therapy in burns: our experience in Egypt [abstract

BACKGROUND: Burn injuries are one of the major health problems all over the world. The problem of infection in burn wounds is considered a major problem and the main cause of death in many burned patients. Ozone has been used with good results in the treatment of patients with diabetic foot, because of its germicidal properties and its influence on the processes of oxygen metabolism, and other effects.
 
 PURPOSE: We report the effect of Ozone therapy on the healing process of recent burns in the Burn unit of the Alexandria Main University Hospital and Plastic Surgery Department Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University.
 Patients and methods: A review of two RCTs of 140 patients with recent burns done to investigate the effects of topical application of ozonized water, ozone gas (Sauna or Bagging), and ozonized olive oil in the treatment of recent burns.
 
 RESULTS: All patients manifested clinical improvement by Topical Ozone therapy. The healing time of the ozone treated wounds was significantly lower than that of the control wounds. The full-thickness infected necrotic wounds that were treated with ozone showed earlier clearance of necrotic tissue and infection than the control wounds and became ready for skin grafting in a significantly lower time than the control wounds. Histopathological studies revealed marked increase in the expression of the fibronectin and transforming growth factor-B after treatment in comparison to the control wounds.
 
 CONCLUSION: Topical application of ozone causes a highly significant reduction in the healing time of the recent burn injuries.

The Nature of Domestic Demand for Authentic Ethnic Experiences in Egypt: Exploring Egyptian Visitors’ Perspectives and Assessments of Bedouin Cultural Attractions

Much emphasis in the literature on Bedouin tourism in the Arab world has been given to the demands, perceptions, motivations and experiences of international tourists while domestic demands are not fully understood. Thus, this study challenges the status quo, being one of a few studies in which Egyptians are represented as tourists consuming Egyptian ethnic culture. A mix of qualitative research methods, including 29 semi-structured interviews with domestic visitors, observational data and document analysis, was employed to explore Egyptian visitors’ perspectives and assessments of Bedouin cultural attractions in Egypt. The findings revealed that the concept of experiencing existential authenticity through interactions with the workers and performers appeared to be outside the visitors’ sphere of thought, as they focused almost exclusively on tangible elements of the site offerings. This study has important implications for Bedouin tourism suppliers as well as tourism researchers. Egyptian visitors can be viewed as a powerful potential market for Bedouin attractions. Thus, site management should reconsider their approach to Egyptian visitors, as well as rethink the mission and goals of their site. Theoretically, the findings of this study strongly contest the notion that objective authenticity is no longer essential in ethnic tourism.

Trophies of war: British flying officers' photograph albums and the memory of air operations in Egypt, 1915—1918

AbstractThis paper addresses the impact of technological modernity on the tactical conduct of the First World War and on how it was subsequently remembered. Specifically, it considers a now lost archive that has received scant historical attention: the collection of photographic intelligence material, comprising negatives and prints, housed on airfields and in military headquarters in Egypt, generated during photographic reconnaissance missions flown during combat operations over enemy held territory in the Middle East. In the absence of the archive itself, the paper asks: what did veteran flying officers who had employed military imaging technologies while on duty, do with the prints they chose to retain, examples of which abound in their private photograph albums. The paper argues that veterans’ photograph albums served as condensers, crystallising personal memories of wartime experience in Egypt through a process whereby their makers ordered the material at their disposal as they saw fit in order to give shape to memories, and thereby construct a privatised sense of their wartime past. It addresses three categories of image: those sourced from the military intelligence archive; photographs of British flying stations and aerodromes (used as airborne navigation aids); and training mission photography of locations in Egypt associated with Nile tourism. It concludes that while albums made by flying officers might contain images more commonly associated with Nile tourism, the inclusion of salient images from the military intelligence archive elevated them to the status of trophy objects: private trophy albums owned by former air warfare practitioners signposted their membership of a wartime in‐group defined by its mastery of state‐of‐the‐art technologies, the conduct of an unprecedented type of combat, and of quotidian life on a new type of military installation‐the aerodrome, a restricted place in which a gated community of high‐value specialists went about its professional duties. Moreover, flying officers’ trophy albums were constitutive of a post‐war fictive kinship in the British veteran community, and informed the cultural construction of a family of remembrance without precedent.

Outcome of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Resource Limited Setting: Thirty Years’ Experience in Egypt

Outcome of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Resource Limited Setting: Thirty Years’ Experience in Egypt

Offering Engineering Students Global Perspective Through Experiential Learning Project in Wind Energy and Sustainability

Students from Princeton University partnered with students from the American University in Cairo in a three-week intensive hands-on field experience in Egypt. The project was to assemble, install, and test a wind mill-driven pump used for irrigation and to survey communities across Egypt in the Delta and Red Sea coast to assess water needs in these communities. The course offered a perspective on sustainable development in Egypt followed by water and energy resource challenges in Egypt's diverse geographic areas. Students assembled a wind pump and installed it at the American University in Cairo for testing prior to installation at El Heiz, a desert oasis community in the Western Desert. The students were selected from diverse backgrounds in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Computer Engineering, and Operations Research and Financial Engineering, and learned the value of having diverse teams address engineering problems in a truly global context. This paper presents the case study including lessons learned in implementation of this experiential learning field project.

<p>Sofosbuvir–daclatasvir improves hepatitis C virus–induced mixed cryoglobulinemia: Upper Egypt experience [Corrigendum]</p>

Sofosbuvir-daclatasvir improves hepatitis C virus-induced mixed cryoglobulinemia: Upper Egypt experience [Corrigendum] Hassan AM, Osman HA, Mahmoud HS, et al. Infect Drug Resist. 2018;11:895–901.On page 896, “Investigatory workup” section, first bullet point, second sentence should read from “Four milliliters of blood was taken in a plain glass tube, and after clotting, the tube was centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 5 min. Then, the serum was separated for use in estimating liver function (including liver enzymes, albumin, bilirubin-total and direct, prothrombin time, prothrombin concentration, and INR), serum creatinine, protein:creatinine ratio, and RF . . . ” to “Two milliliters of blood was taken in citrated tubes and after centrifugation, the separated citrated plasma has been used for estimation of prothrombin time, prothrombin concentration, and INR, while the remaining two milliliters of blood was taken in a plain glass tube, and after clotting, the tube was centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 5 min. Then, the serum was separated for use in estimating liver function (including liver enzymes, albumin, bilirubin-total and direct), serum creatinine, RF and in addition to urinary protein:creatinine ratio, all were measured . . . ” Following a review of our paper post-publication, we found the incorrect information for these sentences. This correction of sentences has no impact to the findings of the study. The authors apologize for this error.Read the original article

Outcome of microsurgical clipping of anterior circulation aneurysms during the period of vasospasm: single center experience in Egypt

ObjectivesRecent guidelines recommend early closure of the ruptured aneurysms. However, this may not be available in all cases especially in developing countries. This may lead to late surgery during the period of vasospasm which may carry a potential surgical risk. The aim of this study is to report our experience of microsurgical clipping during the period of vasospasm for ruptured anterior circulation aneurysms.MethodsThis study included 36 patients with ruptured anterior circulation aneurysms treated with microsurgical clipping “between January 2014 and December 2016”. All patients were operated during the period of vasospasm. We retrospectively reviewed our medical files for any operative complications, any evidence for clinical vasospasm and postoperative ischemia, and for the patients outcome.ResultsMajority of patients were in good World Federation of Neurosurgeons (WFNS) Grades. Thirty (83.3%) were grades I–III. All the procedures completed successfully except in three patients who had an intraoperative rupture. Clinical vasospasm was reported in 8 (22.2%) of the patients. Favorable outcome was reported in 31 (86.1%) patients. We had only one (2.8%) perioperative mortality from aggravated vasospasm.ConclusionsMicrosurgical clipping of the ruptured anterior circulation aneurysms can be done safely during the period of vasospasm without devastating complications. Securing the aneurysm in patients with late referral in developing countries should be done to prevent rebleeding and to allow for the 3H therapy application safely.

Endovascular coiling for cerebral aneurysm: single-center experience in Egypt

BackgroundEndovascular management for cerebral saccular aneurysm has evolved in the last decade with evolution in both equipment and material. Coiling is still the mainstay of cerebral aneurysm endovascular management. In Egypt, practice outcome needs evaluation especially at low-volume centers.PurposeTo discuss the technical and management outcomes of our first symptomatic and asymptomatic cerebral saccular aneurysm case series treated with simple coiling.Patients and methodsClinical, treatment, and outcome variables of consecutive symptomatic and asymptomatic cerebral aneurysm cases treated with simple coiling between January 2011 and June 2016 in one center were analyzed.ResultsIn 31 patients, 35 aneurysms were found, 34 aneurysms (97.1%) were treated by endovascular coiling, and only one aneurysm (2.9%) was not fit for endovascular treatment. Total occlusion was achieved in 29 aneurysms (82.9%). Neck remnants were present in 4 aneurysms (11.4%). Partial coiling (incomplete occlusion) was achieved in 1 aneurysm (2.9%). Regarding functional outcome (mRS at discharge), 25 patients had good outcome (mRS = 0, 1, 2, 3) and 6 patients had poor outcome (mRS = 4, 5, 6).ConclusionThe endovascular coiling could be used as a first-choice option for treatment of saccular cerebral aneurysms at our center despite the low case rate.

The Puzzle of Democratic Divergence in the Arab World: Theory Confronts Experience in Egypt and Tunisia

The Puzzle of Democratic Divergence in the Arab World: Theory Confronts Experience in Egypt and Tunisia

The Power and the Story: The Global Battle for News and Information by John Lloyd, (2017) London: Atlantic Books

Most journalists around the world will agree that a central element of their jobs is to be as truthful as possible to the events they are covering. However, as John Lloyd writes in The Power and the Story, staying loyal to the truth is not always an easy task. In authoritarian regimes, the State’s shadow looms large over journalistic freedom, dissenting voices are suppressed and mainstream media are under the tight control of those who wield power. In democratic societies, journalism is often practised under the pressure of the market, frequently leading to partial accounts of events. Based on personal interviews with some of the defining figures in contemporary journalism, Lloyd’s direct experience in Egypt, the UK, Italy, Russia and other countries, and a comprehensive review of secondary sources, The Power and the Story surveys the state of journalism across the globe, starting in China and concluding with the United States, highlighting the apparently shrinking appreciation for good journalism worldwide.

Cerebral arteriovenous malformations in the era of embolization for angiographic cure: a single-center experience in Egypt

BackgroundEmbolization for cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) has evolved in the last decade with evolution in both equipment and material. Embolization targets have expanded to include angiographic cure.MethodsTo discuss the technical and management outcomes of our first cerebral AVM case series treated with embolization. The clinical, angiographic, treatment, and outcome variables of consecutive cerebral arteriovenous malformation cases, treated with curative embolization, between January 2011 and June 2017 in one regional center, were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsIn 21 patients, 21 AVMs were identified, and 13 patients (61.9%) were males. The mean of the age was 34.24 ± 12.99. Fifteen patients (71.4%) had a history of intracranial hemorrhage, and 10 (47.6%) patients had seizures. Sixteen patients (76.2%) were at grade 1 of modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at admission. The median for modal Spetzler-Martin grade was 2. The average number of arterial feeders was 3. Direct arteriovenous fistulas were found in 4 cases (19.0%). Venous aneurysms were found in 4 cases (19.0%). Seventeen AVMs (80.9%) were considered high bleeding risk lesions. Forty-three embolization sessions were done. Early hemorrhage occurred in 3 sessions (7.0%). Vessel perforation occurred 1 session (2.3%). Poor outcome occurred in 1 patient that was discharged at grade 3 mRS. Angiographic cure was achieved in 9 patients (42.9%). The average size reduction was 65%.ConclusionsOnyx embolization could serve as a curative option for AVM treatment with accepted morbidity and mortality.

QUALITY OF LIFE AND WORK LIMITATION AMONG SURVIVORS OF BREAST CANCER AT ZAGAZIG UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS, EGYPT

Introduction: The number of breast cancer survivors is increasing worldwide in the labor market. The average age of Egyptian women who have breast cancer is significantly younger than the average age of American and European women. Survivors of breast cancer encounter stressful experience that affect their quality of life (QOL) and work productivity. Aim of work: To assess the quality of life (QOL) and work limitations among survivors of breast cancer and to determine the medical and socio-demographic predictors of both QOL and work limitations among the studied sample. Materials and Methods: A total of 134 survivors of breast cancer attending the Oncology and Nuclear Medicine outpatient clinics in Zagazig University Hospital were studied through the EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ –BR23 (the Arabic versions) and a questionnaire based upon the English version of the Work Limitations Questionnaire. Results: The studied participants mean age was 48.32±8.68, and 68.66% of them work for more than forty hours per week. The studied females reported low mean scores of EROTC QLQ –C30 and BR-23 scales. The EROTC global QOL scores were significantly affected by: treatment type, years since cancer diagnosis, disease stage II and III, and working hours per week. The percentage of work productivity loss was 8.3% and it was significantly affected by: treatment type, years since cancer diagnosis, years since completing primary cancer treatment, and disease stage II and III. Conclusion: Working women with breast cancer in Egypt experience low scores of quality of life and need more attention and support programs to cope with their health status, treatment type, and work requirements.

Role of the mini-pool cryoprecipitate technology for cost-saving and guarantee of local Factor VIII, Von Willebrand Factor and Fibrinogen product supply: Egypt experience

Management of patients with inherited bleeding disorders (IBDs) showed remarkable advances during the last three decades. Safe plasma derived and recombinant clotting factor concentrates (CFCs) have available for prophylaxis therapy in patients with hemophilia with the aim to prevent or reduce bleeding episodes. This improved the quality of life of these patients and allowed them to be fully integrated in education and work like their non hemophiliac-peers. While this is true in the developed world, patients with IBDs living in developing world have limited access to safe CFCs. The high cost of CFCs prohibits its procurement by governments from these countries. As a consequence, patients suffer from complications of the disease as well as viral and immunological risks associated with the transfusion of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) or cryoprecipitate. Pathogen inactivation of FFP and cryoprecipitate at an affordable cost for developing countries can both increase safety of domestic plasma components as well as availability of safe treatment. A medical device for Solvent and Detergent Virus Inactivation of Cryoprecipitate was introduced into the market in 2010. The medical device was registered in Egypt in 2013. Since then, 285,250 units of cryoprecipitate were processed using these devices and helped to produce more than 32 million units of coagulation Factor VIII (FVIII) to treat more than 2000 patients with hemophilia A, von Willebrand Disease as well as other IBDs, like fibrinogen deficiency. The cost of a FVIII unit using the minipool technology was around 7 US cents which is lower than that from industrial cryoprecipitate (>14 US cents according to lowest price of FVIII concentrates in Egypt) and even much lower if compared to the mean cost of 21 US Cents for all types of CFCs according to procurement prices in Egypt as well. This supply strategy is now on going with the development of a medical device to produce local immunoglobulins for the treatment of immunodeficient patients.

Treatment Outcome and Prognostic Factors of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: A Single Institution Experience in Egypt

Introduction: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare lethal malignancy. It is one of the most aggressivehuman malignancies with limited progress in finding effective therapies.Aim: We aimed to study the treatment outcome and prognostic factors of ATC patients treated at our institution.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed charts of 30 ATC patients, treated at the Clinical Oncology Department,Ain-Shams University from 2006 to 2017. The clinical characteristics and factors affecting survival were studied.Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to analyze the overall survival (OS) of the patients.Results: The median age of patients was 60 years and males represented 63% of them. Almost half of patients(47%) had stage IVA disease. Equal number of patients received combined modality treatment versus singlemodality treatment (37% each). The median OS was 3 months (95% Confidence interval: 1.429-4.571). Variablesassociated with significantly better OS in univariate analysis included male sex (p=0.04), stage IVA disease(p=0.012), surgical treatment (p=0.034), radiotherapy (p=0.003), and combined modality treatment (p=0.005).However, only female sex was identified as significant poor prognostic variable of OS (p=0.043) by multivariateanalysis.Conclusion: Our results of treatment outcome and prognosis of ATC agree with most of the literature.Multimodality treatment is currently the standard of care. While still there is no successful treatment of this rapidlyfatal disease, exploration of novel therapies and approaches are warranted to help improve the outcome.

Impact of fractional flow reserve on decision-making in daily clinical practice: A single center experience in Egypt

BackgroundFractional flow reserve (FFR) is the reference standard for the assessment of the functional significance of coronary artery stenoses, but remains underutilized. Our aims were to study whether FFR changed the decision for treatment of intermediate coronary lesions and to assess the clinical outcome in the deferred and intervention groups.MethodsIn this retrospective study, coronary angiograms of patients with moderately stenotic lesions (40–70%) for which FFR was performed were re-analyzed by three experienced interventional cardiologists (blinded to FFR results) to determine its angiographic significance and whether to defer or perform an intervention.ResultsWe revised 156 equivocal lesions of 151 patients. The clinical presentation were stable angina (65.6%) and acute coronary syndrome in (34.4%). All reviewers had concordant agreement to do PCI in 59 (37.8%) lesions based on angiographic assessment. Interestingly 23 (39%) of these lesions were functionally non-significant by FFR. The reviewers agreed to defer 97 (62.2%) lesions, however, 32 (33%) of these lesions were functionally significant by FFR and necessitated PCI. MACE were similar in both groups (1.5% vs 2.4%, p = 1.0).ConclusionMismatches between visually- and FFR- estimated significance of intermediate coronary stenosis are frequently encountered across a wide spectrum of clinical presentations. FFR leads to a change in decision for coronary intervention. The clinical and cost implications of such changes-in areas with limited resources- needs further evaluation.

Genetic Counseling in Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders: An Emerging Experience in Egypt.

Primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs) are a heterogeneous group of diseases of the immune system leading to life-threatening infections, and, unless urgently treated with immune reconstitution, patients do not usually survive. With the continuing progress in molecular diagnosis, many mutations have been described in more than 300 genes. Genetic counseling has recently been considered an essential part of the management of PIDs. This study presents the experience of genetic counseling services in the largest PID center in Egypt, and reports on our management plan and the impact of prenatal diagnosis (PND) on families. Based on the biochemical and molecular diagnosis of index cases, PND was offered for 10 families in 12 subsequent pregnancies. Five different genes were sequenced by Sanger sequencing in fetal samples. Seven fetuses were either normal or were carriers, while five fetuses were affected and human leukocyte antigen typing was performed, seeking a suitably related donor for stem cell transplantation. In spite of the genetic heterogeneity behind PIDs, genetic counseling should play a critical role in the management and future decisions of affected families.

Self-expandable metal stent for palliation of malignant dysphagia & quality of life improvement in advanced cancer esophagus: Upper Egypt experience

BackgroundIn advanced cancer esophagus patients, self-expandable metallic stents (SEMS) are utilized to relieve malignant difficulty in swallowing and improve their quality of the life. Retrospectively, we evaluated the efficacy, feasibility, and outcomes of SEMS in palliation of malignant dysphagia in advanced cancer esophagus and its' complications. MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed data of 350 patients with malignant dysphagia due to advanced cancer esophagus from December 2012 to April 2017. They were subjected to esophageal stenting with SEMS in our GIT endoscopy unit, General and Cardiothoracic Surgery departments at Qena and Sohag University Hospitals, Egypt. ResultsThe mean age was 56.34 + 12.44 years ranging from 30 to 85 years, and 264 of them were males. Mean duration of dysphagia was 2.90 months. SEMSs were placed successfully in all cases without major complications; however minor bleeding and retrosternal discomfort were seen. The improvement in the dysphagia score was significant. ConclusionsSEMSs were safe and effective in palliation of malignant dysphagia and improvement of the quality of life in advanced esophageal cancer patients without major complications.

Steven Koltai with Matthew Muspratt (2016) “Peace through Entrepreneurship: Investing in a Startup Culture for Security and Development”

Koltai argues that the current US approach to managing terrorism is primarily military in nature. Further, he argues that this approach will not be successful in the long run because the supply of recruits from terrorist organizations is drawn primarily from large unemployed youth cohorts in developing countries and in particular from Muslim-dominated countries. In Koltai’s view and argument, a long-run policy is needed to provide alternative future pathways for members of these cohorts. Entrepreneurship programs that create growth companies, and thus jobs, are the prescribed solution. Koltai provides not only a well-documented argument that undergirds his proposal but also draws on his experience in Egypt and other Middle Eastern countries that demonstrate how such programs can be successful.

Sparking a Reading Revolution: Results of Early Literacy Interventions in Egypt and Jordan.

This article examines the effects of two early grade reading interventions in two Arabic-speaking contexts (Egypt and Jordan), developed in partnership with ministries of education. The interventions relied on similar research bases for improving reading instruction in Arabic. In Egypt, the results of a 166-school pilot led to the national scale-up of the Early Grade Reading Program for more than 4 million children in grades 1-3. Informed by Egypt's experience, a demonstration effort in 43 schools led to a national rollout in Jordan's 2,651 public primary schools and the creation of a remediation program. We reflect on the conditions that influenced the pilot and scale-up outcomes given the commitments made to "inclusive and equitable quality education and lifelong learning opportunities for all" under the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

Abstract P3-13-25: Oncoplastic breast surgery is oncologically safe in locally advanced breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, an Egyptian experience

Abstract Background: Oncoplastic surgery (OPS) has emerged as a new approach for extending breast conserving surgery (BCS) possibilities, reducing mastectomy and re-excision rates, while avoiding breast deformities. OPS integrates plastic surgery techniques for immediate reshaping after wide excision for breast cancer. This techniques is emerging and our experience in Egypt has been gradually increasing. Our aim was to extend the applicability of OPS into more advanced tumours following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Method: A prospective feasibility cohort study of OPS after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was carried at the national Cancer institute – Cairo University and included 40 patients. We aimed to look at long term oncologic safety and cosmetic outcomes. The primary outcome was the local recurrence rate. Secondary outcomes included survival and margins obtained as well as cosmetic outcomes. Survival analysis was performed with Kaplan-Meir curves. Cosmetic outcomes were assessed using a modified Breast Q questionnaire (EORTC 10801). Results: 40 patients were included in this study. All were diagnosed with locally advanced breast cancer between September 2012 and January 2015 at the National Cancer Institute – Cairo University. All were treated primarily with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (Anthracycline-based). The median age was 44.45 (Range 22- 65) years with median follow-up period of 42 (Range 24 – 60) months. 27.5% showed complete pathological response. 62.5% of patients had a level I OPS procedure, 10% had a level II procedure, and 27.5% had a volume replacement procedure with a Latissimus Dorsi flap. The median resection margins with level I, level II, and volume replacement were 10 mm,25 mm and 15 mm respectively. The difference in margins between level I and II was statistically significant (p = 0.028), so was the difference between the 3 types of procedures (p = 0.035). Three patients (7.5%) had local recurrence and required mastectomy; at 11, 13 and 16 months respectively. One of those (2.5%) developed distant bone metastasis. Cumulative disease-free survival (DFS) for the whole cohort was 90.2%. Overall survival (OS) was 100% as there was no mortality reported during the follow-up period. Cumulative disease-free survival for patients with level I surgery was 85.4% while for those with level II and volume replacement it was 100% with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.2) because of small number of events. The cumulative disease-free survival when the median resection margin obtained was less than 20 mm was 86.3%, whereas when the median margin was equal or more than 20 mm, it was 100%. This difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.2). The cosmetic outcomes ranged between excellent result (70%), very good (15%), good (10%) and poor results (5%) on a very simplified scale that was used for the purpose of the study. Discussion: Oncoplastic breast surgery didn't compromise oncologic safety in the patients included in the study. The local recurrence rate, the DFS and OS were all within acceptable ranges .It even allowed wider margins of resection which could be associated with better oncologic outcomes. At the same time, it gave a better cosmetic outcome and therefore higher patient satisfaction. Citation Format: Youssef M, Namour A, Youssef O, Morsi A. Oncoplastic breast surgery is oncologically safe in locally advanced breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, an Egyptian experience [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-13-25.