Experienced Professionals Research Articles

Transmanubrial osteomuscular sparing approach: different indications for non-pulmonary malignancies.

The transmanubrial osteomuscular sparing approach (TMA) is recommended for surgeries involving or originating from the thoracic outlet structures. We present a series of consecutive patients treated from 2014 to 2024 who underwent oncological thoracic outlet surgery for primary or metastatic (non-pulmonary) malignancies. Overall, 33 patients were included. Our procedures resulted in no mortality, seven complications (21.2%) and all surgeries achieved radical (R0) status. In the hands of experienced professionals, the TMA approach proves to be safe and conservative, enabling radical surgery for tumors of the thoracic outlet. For low-grade tumors, it avoids the need for additional combined surgical access, while for high-grade tumors, it allows for more extensive en bloc resection.

Estudo das dificuldades encontradas por laboratórios brasileiros na implementação de métodos alternativos ao uso de animais: avaliação de irritação ocular e o teste de Permeabilidade e Opacidade da Córnea Bovina (BCOP)

Introduction: Ensuring the safety of products causing ocular irritation is crucial. The Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) test is an accepted alternative method for ocular irritation assessment in regulatory contexts. Objective: This study aimed to identify the main challenges and technical limitations faced by professionals when implementing alternative methods, particularly for ocular irritation assessment. Method: A qualitative research approach was employed using questionnaires (n = 22 respondents) and interviews (n = 7), followed by discourse analysis. Results: Findings reveal that 71% of alternative method practitioners encounter significant difficulties, primarily due to high validation/implementation costs (62%), driven by consumable expenses. Limited access to training (62%) and importation of reagents and equipment (43%) were also noted. Key BCOP limitations include restricted access to bovine eyeballs (50%), less precise risk classification (43%), and substantial eyeball waste (29%) due to damage. Interviews supported these conclusions, highlighting challenges such as travel to slaughterhouses, insufficient technical details in the OECD Guide, the need for additional support materials, and a lack of experienced professionals. These results underscore the need for expanded training opportunities for test implementation. The high cost of imported materials indicates greater validation expenses in Brazil than in other countries. Conclusions: Addressing these challenges requires an open innovation environment, fostering collaboration among the Triple Helix (Companies, Scientific and Technological Institutions, and Government).

Discovery and Underground Mining of Large Deposits: Essential Training to Ensure Copper Supply

Editor’s note: The aim of the Geology and Mining series is to introduce early career professionals and students to various aspects of mineral exploration, development, and mining in order to share the experiences and insight of each author on the myriad of topics involved with the mineral industry and the ways in which geoscientists contribute to each. Abstract A supply shortfall of at least 6 million tonnes (Mt) Cu is expected by 2031—with total demand now forecast to increase from 25 Mt in 2023 to >36 Mt, and possibly to a suggested 50 Mt by 2050—given the present trend in demand. The deficit can be partially filled by increased mine production, expanding currently installed mine production capacity, and increasing Cu recycling. However, satisfying demand in 2050 as the demand-to-mining supply gap increases will require the accelerated discovery of at least five large Cu deposits—individually producing >0.5 to >1.0 Mt/yr Cu—and their related mine development, by 2030. These five deposit discoveries are required to replace mines scheduled to close in the 2050s, given the >20 years needed to take a deposit from discovery to mine production. The two largest sources of Cu supply, porphyry and sediment-hosted Cu deposits, can potentially fill the gap if enough discoveries are made; however, there is no evidence that this is about to occur. Future porphyry Cu discoveries are expected to be mined underground, mostly by a caving method. The demand increase is occurring at a time when the capital intensity of porphyry Cu mine development has almost doubled since 2006. We predict that the only solution to the future Cu demand-supply challenge for society and the mining industry in the short to medium term rests with simple demand-supply economics and a substantially increased Cu price. Copper substitution by other materials and recycling could potentially benefit from a significantly increased price; however, the major advantage will be conferred on deposits amenable to open-pit mining that are undeveloped because of price-dependent, failed feasibility studies. The challenge of possibly doubling Cu supply by ca. 2050 through developing mines on large Cu deposits—both discovered and undiscovered, in an unprecedented number and in a shorter period—will require a major increase in the number of competent mining industry personnel. This comes at a time when the industry faces an aging workforce, leading to a critical skills gap compounded by a chronic shortage of students graduating in the sciences and engineering with mining-related university degrees. There is an acute shortage of experienced professionals in cave mining, and the substantial number of open-pit mining professionals who are predicted to retire by 2030 will need to be replaced. On-the-job training of geoscientists and engineers after graduation, delivered by experienced practitioners through university-accredited professional development programs, is suggested as the solution.

Impact of a deep learning-based brain CT interpretation algorithm on clinical decision-making for intracranial hemorrhage in the emergency department

Intracranial hemorrhage is a critical emergency that requires prompt and accurate diagnosis in the emergency department (ED). Deep learning technology can assist in interpreting non-enhanced brain CT scans, but its real-world impact on clinical decision-making is uncertain. This study assessed a deep learning-based intracranial hemorrhage detection algorithm (DLHD) in a simulated clinical environment with ten emergency medical professionals from a tertiary hospital’s ED. The participants reviewed CT scans with clinical information in two steps: without and with DLHD. Diagnostic performance was measured, including sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Consistency in clinical decision-making was evaluated using the kappa statistic. The results demonstrated that DLHD minimally affected experienced participants’ diagnostic performance and decision-making. In contrast, inexperienced participants exhibited significantly increased sensitivity (59.33–72.67%, p < 0.001) and decreased specificity (65.49–53.73%, p < 0.001) with the algorithm. Clinical decision-making consistency was moderate among inexperienced professionals (k = 0.425) and higher among experienced ones (k = 0.738). Inexperienced participants changed their decisions more frequently, mainly due to the algorithm’s false positives. The study highlights the need for thorough evaluation and careful integration of deep learning tools into clinical workflows, especially for less experienced professionals.

Importance of the quality management of aerobiological monitoring networks: The case study of Madrid Region in Spain

Interest in biological air quality monitoring is rising, and updated public information is increasingly demanded by stakeholders in the case of airborne pollen, which requires maintaining high standards of data quality. The number of aerobiological stations worldwide is continuously growing, and quality management is becoming more complex with the increase in the scale of aerobiological networks. Quality control exercises are crucial for maintaining the quality of the data used in the pollen monitoring routine over time. In this study we show the results of an intercomparison test among technicians in the Madrid Region Palynological Network in central Spain in order to identify potential sources of error during the pollen analysis. The findings of this intercomparison exercise indicated very high-quality pollen data based on two different proficiency tests: i) the technicians' analysis of common samples with the light microscopes used in the routine pollen analysis; and ii) the analysis of common samples with all technicians using the same light microscope. A few specific remarkable errors were detected (i.e., those whose Absolute Error > |10| and Relative Error > |20 %|), such as confusion by four participants between Quercus vs. Acer and Quercus vs. Platanus pollen. Since the pollen analysis routine requires very experienced professionals, we believe it is essential to provide adequate training programmes for pollen analysis and the specific identification of these problematic pollen types. High-quality environmental data is crucial for sharing with regional, national and continental networks to ensure applicability, reproducibility and integration in large-scale studies.

Trust in AI and Top Management Support in Generative-AI Adoption

ABSTRACT Generative AI technologies like ChatGPT have gained popularity, promising substantial benefits, but have also started debates on their potential to redefine roles in the workforce. This study explores how trust and top management support are related to the actual employment of these technologies in various work environments. The research, conducted among experienced professionals from different countries, utilized an online survey. After data cleaning, the final analysis cohort comprised 128 participants. This study leveraged PLS-SEM for statistical analysis, underlining that top management support, while not directly leading to actual usage, profoundly impacts trust in AI. This trust forms a bridge between top management support and actual technology use. Thus, this study offers a novel concept of trust in AI as a key mediator. Despite the mixed sentiments surrounding generative AI, these insights are important for organizations willing to integrate such tools.

Addressing the elephant in the room: How do we understand value for money in transport Public Private Partnerships?

Value for Money (VfM) is often considered the criterion for assessing whether Public Private Partnerships (PPPs), or the traditional procurement should be adopted to deliver infrastructure projects and their services. Yet, this decision is mostly focussed on whichever approach that embodies a lower cost while neglecting the value it can bring to projects. Addressing this elephant in the room, a set of interviews with highly experienced professionals (with an average of 23-year working experience in infrastructure procurement) were conducted to engender an in-depth understanding of VfM. Through the lens of sensemaking, our results empirically demonstrated the duality of VfM in the context of transport projects instead of the previous foci on cost, time, and quality (i.e., traditional VfM), and further unearthed the nuances when considering them. As such, this research contributes to the PPP body of knowledge by providing a more meaningful concept of VfM. For practitioners and decision makers, it proposes a framework to benchmark their VfM assessments of infrastructure interventions.

Ethical preparedness of data monitoring committees (DMCs) to oversee international clinical trials: a qualitative descriptive study

IntroductionA data monitoring committee (DMC) is an independent group of experts who assess the ongoing scientific and ethical integrity of a study through periodic analyses of study data. The objective...

Prioritization of the barriers to integrated modular buildings (IMBs) in developing countries: Nigerian construction professionals’ perspectives

Integrated modular building (IMBs) enhance construction performance, quality, and productivity. However, in developing economies, adoption is impeded by challenges that hinder efficiency and sustainability. The study investigated and prioritized the barriers associated with IMBs through purposive sampling of experienced construction professionals in IMBs. Of the various statistical analyses, the fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE) indicated that perception-related barriers are the most significant barrier to IMBs, among other barriers, namely skill-related, cost-related, technical-related, and regulation-related. The study holds significant implications for construction stakeholders to intensify efforts in addressing the identified barriers and raising awareness to facilitate more IMBs adoption. The study underscores the importance of tailored strategies aligned with these priorities to effectively address these barriers. Furthermore, enhancing awareness and implementing targeted interventions are crucial steps towards promoting IMBs and advancing sustainability in the construction sector. Additionally, the prioritization of the barriers gives a logical order of required actions for construction stakeholders.

Digital Twin Stakeholder Communication: Characteristics, Challenges, and Best Practices

Digital Twins (DT) encompass virtual models interconnected with a physical system through data links. Although DTs hold significant potential for positive organisational impact, their successful adoption in industrial practice remains limited. Whereas existing research predominantly focuses on technical challenges, more recent studies underscore the importance of addressing organisational and human factors to overcome implementation barriers. One central aspect in this context is stakeholder communication, especially given the ambiguous nature of the term DT in academic and industrial discussions. To expand the limited understanding of the factors causing challenging DT stakeholder communications, this article presents findings from an extensive exploratory study. It involves 27 in-depth interviews and two focus groups with highly experienced DT professionals. By employing grounded theory and the Gioia methodology, a grounded model for DT stakeholder communication challenges is derived. This model reveals the complex communication dynamics within DT projects, emphasising the emergence of novel stakeholder communication patterns that heavily rely on multidisciplinary collaboration. In total, 28 communication challenges were identified, grouped into eight theoretical themes and categorised into two aggregate dimensions: human- and organisation-centric challenges. Additionally, the study identified 15 practices, e.g., defining clear objectives, and starting small and building gradually, that organisations are following to mitigate these challenges. As a result, this article provides the theoretical groundwork for a comprehensive understanding of DT stakeholder communication and its associated challenges by revealing distinctive features and offering practical guidance to overcome critical challenges in DT projects.

Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Pendeteksi Golongan Darah Dan Rhesus Berbasis Internet Of Things

The rapid advancement of technology in today's world has led to significant progress in various aspects of human life, including healthcare. Nowadays, numerous advanced medical devices are being created to facilitate healthcare services. Health is a crucial element in human life, which is why regular monitoring through laboratory tests is essential. Blood type and Rh factor are critical pieces of information in the medical field, especially for blood transfusions and specific medical treatments. However, determining a person's blood type still relies on manual methods, requiring experienced professionals and a considerable amount of time to analyze blood samples. To address this challenge, an Internet of Things (IoT)-based blood type and Rh factor detection device is being developed.The main objective of this research is to design and implement an efficient, fast, and user-friendly device for detecting blood type and Rh factor using IoT technology. Furthermore, this device aims to simplify data storage after conducting a large number of blood type checks, eliminating the need for repeated testing. The creation of this blood type and Rh factor detection device requires several components, including the WiFi module ESP8266, Arduino Uno, and a light sensor built with LDR components. The results will be displayed on a 16x2 LCD and the data obtained from the testing process will be sent to a designated web page. This data will be stored in a MySQL database and subsequently presented on a website.

Empowering public relations for sustainability: examining the landscape in Turkey

PurposeThis paper examines the engagement of public relations (PR) in advancing sustainability within Turkey, exploring both current contributions and future potential. It analyzes how PR professionals and scholars conceptualize sustainability, revealing divergent perspectives within the industry. The study delves into the perceived roles and responsibilities of PR professionals in driving sustainable initiatives, highlighting the key challenges hindering their impact. Ultimately, the research identifies essential knowledge and skills needed to empower Turkish PR to effectively contribute to a more sustainable future.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs a qualitative research approach using semi-structured in-depth interviews with two distinct groups: experienced PR professionals holding director positions in agencies and corporate communication departments, and PR professors with at least five years of teaching experience in Turkey.FindingsThe findings reveal a dynamic, yet complex, landscape of sustainability within the Turkish PR industry. While PR professionals are actively integrating sustainability into strategic initiatives and emphasizing measurable impact, they face barriers to full integration, and their conceptualization of sustainability often differs from that of PR scholars. The findings point to a critical need for targeted education and professional development to better equip Turkish PR practitioners to drive sustainable development.Originality/valueMethodologically, the incorporation of representative groups, consisting of senior communication professionals and professors, offers valuable insights that can inform improvements in PR practices, enhance PR education, and advance the understanding of sustainability within the field of communication within the specific context of Turkey.

Saudi Interpreters’ Adaptive Cognitive Strategic Behaviors in Consecutive Interpretation

This study investigates the adaptive cognitive strategies used by Saudi interpreters in consecutive interpretation (CI) guided by Gile’s (2009) Effort Models. Using a structured questionnaire, insights were gathered from 102 Saudi interpreters, divided into undergraduate students and professional interpreters with varying levels of experience. The research focuses on how interpreters manage the selection of interpretation strategies across four phases of CI: listening, note-taking, note-decoding, and reformulating. Notable findings include the contrast between experienced professionals, who seldom rely on common sense, omitting, or paraphrasing, and trainees, who employ these strategies more frequently in response to unfamiliar topics. Professionals, regardless of experience, effectively use paraphrasing when faced with numerical complexities. When dealing with fast-speaking speakers, experienced professionals avoid omitting content, while trainees rely on this strategy. In conclusion, to manage concentration during long speeches, trainees prioritize attention to the source speech and use selective omission, while experienced professionals gravitate toward generalizing and summarizing approaches. This research highlights the influence of experience on strategy choice, aligning with Jääskeläinen’s (1996) claim that experienced translators allocate more cognitive resources to production strategies than novices. A key recommendation of this study is the need for specialized training for novice interpreters, particularly in strategy development, to handle various CI process challenges. Training focused on enhancing note-taking skills is vital, especially for trainees, as clear and understandable notes are crucial for success in the note-decoding and reformulating stages of CI.

FEATURES AND ADVANTAGES OF THE DUAL FORMOF HIGHER EDUCATION

The advantages and possibilities of a dual form of higher education as a symbiosis of theoretical and professional-practical components of education are considered. In this case, the applicant receives all the necessary knowledge on the basis of a higher education institution (university or college), and practices them at an enterprise or company with which the institution cooperates. This system is currently being implemented in all European countries. Modern professional education, including higher education, lacks practical content. Instead, the dual form involves constant communication between the educational institution and the employer. Enterprises reserve the required number of training places for future specialists in higher education institutions. Students work in their chosen specialty during the entire period of professional training. There are various options for combining training and practice: three days at the enterprise and three days at the institution; classes in the morning, and work in the afternoon or vice versa. Depending on the chosen program and the agreement with the employer, applicants can spend a week studying theory and a week gaining practical experience, or two months attending lectures and the next two months working, developing and improving the acquired skills and abilities. Undoubtedly, the introduction of dual education requires adjusting industry standards and revising educational programs, designing learning outcomes that are required by the labor market. The concept of training specialists under the dual form of education, approved in Ukraine, regulates the rights, interests and obligations of educational institutions, employers, and students. Dual education makes it possible to turn students into mobile, competent, dynamic and experienced professionals who know what they want to achieve. It opens up new opportunities for professional training. At the same time, in the authors’ opinion, it is inappropriate to transform all professional education into dual education; this is a form of education for those who are able to combine study and work experience.

Potential Role of Generative Adversarial Networks in Enhancing Brain Tumors.

Contrast enhancement is necessary for visualizing, diagnosing, and treating brain tumors. Through this study, we aimed to examine the potential role of general adversarial neural networks in generating artificial intelligence-based enhancement of tumors using a lightweight model. A retrospective study was conducted on magnetic resonance imaging scans of patients diagnosed with brain tumors between 2020 and 2023. A generative adversarial neural network was built to generate images that would mimic the real contrast enhancement of these tumors. The performance of the neural network was evaluated quantitatively by VGG-16, ResNet, binary cross-entropy loss, mean absolute error, mean squared error, and structural similarity index measures. Regarding the qualitative evaluation, nine cases were randomly selected from the test set and were used to build a short satisfaction survey for experienced medical professionals. One hundred twenty-nine patients with 156 scans were identified from the hospital database. The data were randomly split into a training set and validation set (90%) and a test set (10%). The VGG loss function for training, validation, and test sets were 2,049.8, 2,632.6, and 4,276.9, respectively. Additionally, the structural similarity index measured 0.366, 0.356, and 0.3192, respectively. At the time of submitting the article, 23 medical professionals responded to the survey. The median overall satisfaction score was 7 of 10. Our network would open the door for using lightweight models in performing artificial contrast enhancement. Further research is necessary in this field to reach the point of clinical practicality.

In experts’ words: Translating theory to practice for teaching self-regulated learning

Introduction Health professions education (HPE) should help students to competently self-regulate their learning, preparing them for future challenges. This study explored the perspectives of expert self-regulated learning (SRL) researchers and practitioners on the practical integration of SRL theories into teaching. Methods An exploratory qualitative research study was conducted involving semi-structured interviews with acknowledged research leaders in the field of SRL and/or experienced professionals dedicated to teaching SRL strategies for complex skills in different disciplines. The data were analyzed using an iterative thematic approach guided by a six-step framework. Results Fifteen interviews were conducted with experts from six countries representing diverse contexts, cultures, and disciplines. We identified five themes related to translating theory to practice for teaching SRL in HPE: theoretical issues, cultural aspects, stakeholders’ participation, teaching complexity, assessment, and feedback. Conclusions This study presents a useful starting point for teaching SRL. The experts suggest a supportive learning environment with the guidance of competent teachers by using general and task-specific teaching and learning strategies, as well as sufficient sources and cycles of feedback, all tailored to the culture and context. These findings call for a shift in faculty development programs to foster teachers to support second-order scaffolding in HPE.

Building Bridges for Ocean Sustainability: The Evolution and Impact of the Early Career Ocean Professional (ECOP) Programme

Abstract Since its endorsement as a global network Programme in June 2021, the Early Career Ocean Professional (ECOP) Programme has been instrumental in supporting ocean professionals worldwide through funding, training, networking opportunities, and career development initiatives. Rooted in the vision of elevating diverse perspectives, the ECOP Programme fosters knowledge exchange between experienced professionals and ECOPs to promote ocean sustainability. As the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030) enters its fourth year of implementation, the ECOP Programme has grown and diversified to a formidable extent, both geographically and thematically. With over 5,200 ECOPs from 151 countries and overseas territories, the global ECOP community is currently dispersed across five regional nodes and more than 40 national hubs. This commentary brings some of the most active ECOP nodes into the limelight, amplifying their collective efforts to better understand, engage, and empower the next generation of ocean professionals across different cultural contexts. This is also an opportunity to showcase the successes, milestones, and challenges that ECOP nodes have encountered over the past 2 years, including on thematic priorities such as communications and outreach, capacity development, and ocean literacy. Moving forward, the ECOP Programme aims to further expand geographically, enhance funding capacities, deepen capacity development efforts, and promote greater awareness of the UN Ocean Decade ecosystem and its vast portfolio of endorsed Actions. As the next generation of ocean professionals will inherit our interconnected ocean beyond 2030, building trust, transferring knowledge, and taking true ownership of the global ocean agenda are paramount.

Prioritizing family-centered developmental care: insights from parents of children with critical congenital heart disease: a qualitative study

As survivors of early cardiac surgery are at high risk of neurodevelopmental impairments, systematic health observations of children with critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) throughout childhood are recommended to enable early diagnosis and offer interventions to optimize neurodevelopment. A qualitative study using thematic analysis was performed to explore parents’ concerns, experiences, and needs regarding the development and received developmental care of their child (0–10 years) during hospital admission and beyond. Data were collected using semi-structured online interviews with 20 parents of children with CCHD. Four major themes were identified: (1) “impact of diagnosis and disease on the family-system,” (2) “parental concerns from diagnoses and beyond,” (3) “the need for information,” and (4) “the need for individualized and family-centered care.” The main themes can be divided into 13 sub-themes as impact, concerns, and needs are influenced by various impactful moments from diagnosis and afterwards. Conclusion: This study confirms the importance of early identification of neurodevelopmental problems by experienced healthcare professionals, especially in the early years when parental expectations and concerns about their child’s neurodevelopment are lower. A tailor-made family-centered follow-up program should be offered, which pays attention to both the neurodevelopment of patients with CCHD as well as the mental wellbeing of the entire family system. Furthermore, an online portal is recommended with a variety of reliable, controlled, understandable information from which parents can obtain the desired information to understand better the consequences of specific heart condition and to provide their child with the best possible guidance.What is Known:• Survivors of early cardiac surgery are at high risk of neurodevelopmental impairments; systematic health observations of children with CCHD throughout childhood are strongly recommended.What is New:• Parents need a tailor-made family-centered follow-up program, which pays attention to both the neurodevelopment of patients with CCHD as well as the mental wellbeing of the entire family system.• An online portal offering diverse, trustworthy information and sources would effectively meet parents’ needs by providing accessible insights into the potential consequences of specific heart conditions and guiding them in supporting their child optimally.

Detection of Covid‐19 disease by using privacy‐aware artificial intelligence system

AbstractCovid‐19 is a highly infectious respiratory disease that spreads quickly between individuals and has been recognized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Chest x‐ray images, lung computed tomography images, and polymerase chain reaction tests are generally used to diagnose this disease by the doctors. Nevertheless, manual diagnosis of Covid‐19 disease is laborious and requires highly experienced professionals. Therefore, automated systems are always needed to assist doctors in their diagnostic decisions. In the field of medicine and healthcare, artificial intelligence and deep learning currently offer incredibly effective and rapid automatic decision‐support systems. Since sensitive data is used to diagnose Covid‐19, privacy has become a major concern in research that uses artificial intelligence and deep learning. In order to eliminate these issues, this paper proposes a novel deep learning model that privately detects Covid‐19 disease. The proposed model utilizes differential privacy technique to provide data privacy and convolutional neural network to diagnose Covid‐19 disease. The performance of the proposed model was evaluated through experiments conducted on five different datasets, resulting a maximum accuracy rate of 97%.

Brazilian undergraduates' and dentists' knowledge on preventing, diagnosing and managing dentin hypersensitivity: A cross-sectional questionnaire study.

To analyse the knowledge of dental undergraduates and dentists on the prevention, diagnosis and management of dentin hypersensitivity (DH); to compare their knowledge scores; and to understand the related variables using a regression model. An original online questionnaire investigated the attitudes, self-reported knowledge ('how much they thought they knew') and real knowledge ('how much they really knew') of 132 students and 338 dentists. Data were analysed descriptively, both knowledge scores were compared using Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and data were subjected to two multiple linear regression analyses considering real knowledge scores as the dependent variable (α < 0.05). The self-reported knowledge on DH was higher than the real knowledge for both students and dentists, but dentists presented the highest scores. Gingival recession and acidic diet were reported as the main predisposing factors for DH by undergraduates and dentists. Students normally managed DH with dietary and hygiene instructions followed by a desensitizing agent application, while dentists managed with occlusal adjustments. The mechanism of glutaraldehyde/HEMA and bioactive fillers on DH is widely unknown by students and dentists. The majority of the questioned individuals cannot differentiate DH from sensitivity of caries or molar-incisor hypomineralization. Both students and dentists overestimate their knowledge of DH, revealing deficiencies in prevention, diagnosis and management. Students' knowledge improves towards the end of the Dentistry course, while younger dentists and PhD holders are more knowledgeable. Institutions should implement ongoing DH education for undergraduates and conduct interventions for experienced professionals, especially older ones.