Experience Of Poverty Research Articles

Coping with old-age poverty – the role of agency and different forms of societal support

Abstract Across Europe, there is a substantial but varying number of older people struggling to make ends meet. We examine how older people with a low income make use of their individual resources and those that are available from their family and community as well as public support (in cash and in kind) when coping with poverty. This article is based on the experience of old-age poverty, drawing on 59 life-course interviews with low-income older people in Norway, Germany, Estonia, Hungary, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom. We introduce a typology of coping strategies with two main dimensions: the capacity for agency and the capacity for transformation. We show that coping strategies vary not only based on individual factors and appropriate social policy support, but also on further societal support provided by civil society, families or social networks that supplements or compensates for gaps in social policy provision.

Persistent poverty and incidence-based melanoma mortality in Texas.

Previous studies have shown that individuals living in areas with persistent poverty (PP) experience worse cancer outcomes compared to those living in areas with transient or no persistent poverty (nPP). The association between PP and melanoma outcomes remains unexplored. We hypothesized that melanoma patients living in PP counties (defined as counties with ≥ 20% of residents living at or below the federal poverty level for the past two decennial censuses) would exhibit higher rates of incidence-based melanoma mortality (IMM). We used Texas Cancer Registry data to identify the patients diagnosed with invasive melanoma or melanoma in situ (stages 0 through 4) between 2000 and 2018 (n = 82,458). Each patient's PP status was determined by their county of residence at the time of diagnosis. After adjusting for demographic variables, logistic regression analyses revealed that melanoma patients in PP counties had statistically significant higher IMM compared to those in nPP counties (17.4% versus 11.3%) with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.35 (95% CI 1.25-1.47). These findings highlight the relationship between persistent poverty and incidence-based melanoma mortality rates, revealing that melanoma patients residing in counties with persistent poverty have higher melanoma-specific mortality compared to those residing in counties with transient or no poverty. This study further emphasizes the importance of considering area-specific socioeconomic characteristics when implementing place-based interventions to facilitate early melanoma diagnosis and improve melanoma treatment outcomes.

Bowo Perkawinan Adat Suku Nias Dengan Dasar Perkawinan Gereja Katolik

Böwö marriage of the Nias tribe is generally interpreted as sumange (giving awards). Böwö is masi-masi/hele-hele dödö Zatua khö nono nia ono alawe (giving affection/proof of the bride's parents' love at the time of marriage). Böwö determines the agreement for the implementation of a marriage. This can take the form of money, gold and other trinkets. The aim is as a form of humanizing humans through love and living prosperously in the family. However, the current application of Böwö is contrary to the true meaning of Böwö. Recently, Böwö in Nias society has experienced a change in meaning and even received a meaning that is contrary to its true meaning. There is a decline in Böwö's understanding which leads to a materialistic aspect. Böwö became honest too expensive. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate why there is a change in the implementation of Böwö. This research specifically seeks to determine the understanding of Böwö Nias ethnic marriages on the basis of Catholic Church marriages using qualitative research which uses three data collection techniques, namely, observation, interviews and documentation. From the researcher's observations, it was found that the Böwö marriage of the Nias tribe is known and is still carried out in social life. Through interviews with informants, researchers found that in the implementation of the Böwö traditional Nias marriage, its meaning had decreased. The reality on the ground shows that some Nias people experience poverty because Böwö is too expensive. Böwö is no longer an expression of love. The informants wanted Böwö to be restored to its true meaning as masi-masi (proof of love). For this reason, it is necessary to simplify Böwö on the basis of Catholic Church marriage. This needs to be socialized to Catholics so that they truly understand and are able to practice it according to the true meaning of Böwö.

What it means to be poor: dimensions of economic hardship among older people living in poverty across Europe

Abstract There is a lack of comparative and quantitative research on how poverty manifests itself in the economic wellbeing of older people across European countries. In this study, we focus in on two central dimensions of economic wellbeing: the ability to pay for usual expenses and unexpected expenses. Our aim is to find out how often older people living at risk of poverty experience hardship on these dimensions, how these dimensions overlap, and whether the incidence of hardship differs between the poor and the non-poor. The study is based on the cross-sectional component of the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) 2018 survey, involving 29 countries and 148,432 respondents aged 65+ years. The analysis builds on both descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression, which takes into account differences in household characteristics between the poor and the non-poor. The results reveal that for the poor, meeting unexpected expenses is a more common problem than meeting usual expenses, although they typically experience hardship on both dimensions. Hardship among the poor is more frequent in Central Eastern and some Southern European countries, while poor people living in Continental and Nordic countries tend to fare better, even though relatively large numbers in these countries lack cash margin. The non-poor do also experience hardship, but to a lesser extent. The poor experience combined hardship relatively often in Continental European countries. Based on the results, we conclude that studies should pay closer attention to the different dimensions of economic wellbeing in old age.

First, Seek to Understand: Deconstructing the Concept of Poverty for Nursing Education

Poverty, an important social determinant of health, is a multifaceted issue that impacts the health of individuals, families, and communities. People who live in impoverished communities have limited access to many necessary resources. This deficit often results in increased risk for mental illness, chronic disease, higher mortality, and lower life expectancy and greater need for healthcare services. There is a call for nurse educators to provide multiple opportunities throughout curricula for students at all levels to develop competencies to assess and intervene in outcomes impacted by social determinants of health. Doing so requires a perspective of empathy, grounded in cultural humility, to advance health equity and advocate for persons facing challenges, such as those who experience poverty. This article provides an overview of poverty in the context of the social determinants and discusses strategically designed experiential learning experiences, such as simulations and community-academic partnerships. An exemplar of an interprofessional community-academic partnership is provided to illustrate an ongoing successful effort that has fostered a deeper understanding of the lived experience of poverty for students of nursing and other professions.

Describing the characteristics and symptom profile of a group of urban patients experiencing socioeconomic inequity and receiving palliative care: a descriptive exploratory analysis.

Individuals experiencing socioeconomic inequity have worse health outcomes and face barriers to palliative and end-of-life care. There is a need to develop palliative care programs tailored to this underserved population. To understand the characteristics and symptom profiles of a group of urban patients experiencing socioeconomic inequity and receiving palliative care. Descriptive exploratory analysis of a patient dataset. The patient dataset was generated through a pilot research study with patients experiencing socioeconomic inequity and life-limiting illness who received a community-based palliative care intervention. The intervention took place over 1 year in the Palliative Care Outreach and Advocacy Team, a community-based urban palliative care clinic in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, serving persons experiencing socioeconomic inequity. Participants had to be at least 18 years of age, be able to communicate in English, require palliative care for a life-limiting illness, and be able to consent to inclusion in the study. Twenty-five participants were enrolled. Participants predominantly identified as male and Indigenous, experienced poverty and housing instability, and had metastatic cancer. Our participants rated their pain, shortness of breath, and anxiety as more severe than the broader community-based palliative care population in the same city. Most patients died in inpatient hospices (73%). Our analysis provides an in-depth picture of an understudied, underserved population requiring palliative care. Given the higher symptom severity experienced by participants, our analysis highlights the importance of person-centered palliative care. We suggest that socioeconomic inequity should be considered in patients with life-limiting illnesses. Further research is needed to explore palliative care delivery to those facing socioeconomic inequity.

Microbiological indices of unregulated herbal drinks in Benin City, Nigeria: A potential health hazard to consumers

Abstract Background: The use of herbal medicine has increased globally due to people’s dissatisfaction with conventional medicine, family traditions, poverty, and prior positive experiences. Since the last decade, the general public has become increasingly interested in herbal products from several medicinal plants. This study sought to evaluate the microbial contamination of liquid herbal drinks sold in Benin City, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Fifty different herbal medicines were purchased from three different locations in the study area. The 50 herbal medicines were centrifuged and the sediment was used for culture, biochemical, and antibiotic tests for the identification of isolated microorganisms and the assessment of the total viable bacterial count. Results: In comparison to regulated herbal preparations (4%), a percentage (36%) of unregulated herbal preparations contained viable bacteria. The most common bacterium found in unlicensed herbal medicines was Klebsiella pneumonia (10%). The percentage of regulated and unregulated herbal preparations that had microbiological contamination that was above the permissible limit (>10 colony-forming unit/ml) was 2% and 26%, respectively. Conclusions: Numerous unlicensed herbal treatments in Benin City have microbial contamination over the World Health Organization-permitted limit for aerobic and coliform bacteria. The regulatory bodies should step up their efforts to make sure that all herbal medicines marketed in the nation are legally registered and created in compliance with current Good Manufacturing Practice standards.

Family member incarceration and loneliness among low-income U.S. veterans.

Exposure to incarceration can have significant ramifications for one's social relationships. However, the study of how the incarceration of a family member influences loneliness, including among specific segments of the population that experience elevated levels of loneliness, such as U.S. military veterans, has gone understudied. This study aimed to examine the relationship between family member incarceration and perceptions of loneliness among a sample of low-income U.S. military veterans. Data are from the National Veteran Homeless and Other Poverty Experiences Study-a national survey of low-income U.S. veterans collected in December 2022 and January 2023. Multiple Poisson is used to assess the relationship between family member incarceration and a loneliness index, and multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship with specific constructs in the loneliness index. The results indicate that respondents who ever experienced the incarceration of a family member reported significantly more loneliness (incidence risk ratio = 1.189, 95% CI [1.035, 1.366]). Further, analyses of the specific items in the loneliness index revealed that family member incarceration was related to an increased risk of reporting feelings of often lacking companionship (relative risk ratio = 1.598, 95% CI [1.077, 2.370]) and often feeling isolated from others (1.711, 95% CI [1.014, 2.886]). Given the potential adverse consequences of loneliness and family member incarceration for well-being, the results from this study emphasize the need for increased attention and coordinated approaches in addressing feelings of loneliness, developing efforts to mitigate the harms of family member incarceration within the U.S. veteran community. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Upotreba foto-elicitacije u sociologiji

In sociological research, photography is most commonly used to supplement presented data and less frequently as a data collection technique. This paper focuses on using photography to examine the gender aspect of poverty in rural areas of Serbia. Through the application of photo-elicitation, data were collected in field research during 2015 in Serbia. The data include photographs taken by girls and women beneficiaries of social services. Additionally, they incorporate the notes on the motives and interpretation of the photographs taken, along with transcripts of interviews conducted with the photographers a month after the photography sessions. The research has shown that photography, as a medium, connects the emotional experiences of poverty among research participants with the factual conditions of their lives in material deprivation and isolation. Consequently, it offers the possibility of articulating diverse meanings of poverty. The diversity of meanings of poverty is evident in the specific social categories to which the interviewees in this study belong, such as persons with disabilities, for example. Based on the findings of this research, the use of photo-elicitation emerges as particularly significant in sociological studies that involve the exploration of subjective meanings and experiences of specific population groups, such as girls and women living in poverty in rural areas of Serbia.

Pengaruh Jumlah Penduduk dan PDRB terhadap Kemiskinan di Sumatera Utara

Poverty is one of the biggest problems in various developing countries, including Indonesia. All provinces in Indonesia experience poverty, one of which is in North Sumatra Province. Level poverty in North Sumatra Province continues to experience fluctuations and poverty this issue every year is in a serious spotlight. Poverty problems this has to be overcome immediately. Therefore, this study aims to analyzing how much a Large Population and Gross Regional Domestic Product affects poverty in northern Sumatra in 2004 to 2021 both simultaneously and partially. The type of data used in this study is secondary time series data from 2004 to 2021.The data used is data obtained from the official website of the North Sumatra Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The analytical method used in this study is the analysis of multiple linear regression with statistical software and ekonometrika Eviews 12. The results showed that Partially a variable of population and regional gross domestic product had a significant effect on the number of poor people in North Sumatra in 2004 to 2021. The implications that can be given from this research are that population variables are positive and insignificant while gross domestic product is positive and significant to poverty in the province of North Sumatra. then the government of the north sumatra needs to increase human resources through health, education, or increase several supporting aspects so that it does not overflow in accordance with existing job vacancies. so that the number of quality and economically capable population is no longer the driving force of poverty. The northern Sumatra government also needs to equal the regionql grossto domestic product and perform improvements in each sector by exposing potensi- potential.

Unveiling Multidimensional Poverty in Jammu and Kashmir: Insights from Alkire Foster Method and NFHS-5 Data

This study seeks to examine the multidimensional poverty in Jammu and Kashmir, aiming to illuminate its nature and extent beyond traditional monetary measures. Utilizing the Alkire Foster method and drawing on data from NFHS-5, the research uncovers a prevalence of multidimensional poverty surpassing that of monetary poverty in the region. Within surveyed districts, the study identifies Ramban as experiencing the highest incidence, contrasting with Srinagar, which exhibits the lowest headcount. Anantnag emerges as the district facing the most intense multidimensional poverty. In exploring the factors influencing multidimensional poverty, binary logistic regression reveals the significant roles of education, occupation, and land ownership. Conflict is identified as an amplifier of multidimensional poverty, and a predictive model achieves an accuracy rate of approximately 82.80%. The study underscores the critical importance of local factors in shaping poverty experiences, emphasizing the roles of nutrition, sanitation, housing, and education. Gender, age, and conflict are highlighted as pivotal determinants in the latter stages of the study. The research concludes with a managerial perspective, offering actionable insights for policy recommendations, development initiatives, and specific steps for government agencies and stakeholders. These proposed interventions aim to address identified determinants and contribute to the overarching goal of reducing poverty in Jammu and Kashmir.

Relational Marginalisation: Comparing Scheduled Tribe Gaddi in Himachal Pradesh and Bhils in Maharashtra, India

The socio-economic condition of Scheduled Tribe (ST) groups of India has been a key academic concern since the administrative category was established by Constitutional Order in 1950. This article explores the integration of ST groups into the present-day Indian capitalist economy along with the social and political forces that have shaped this process of inclusion from the colonial period onwards. Specifically, it compares experiences of residual poverty and relational inequality among two groups administratively classified as ST—Gaddi in Himachal Pradesh and Bhils in Maharashtra. Recognising that Gaddi and Bhils remain rooted at the bottom of socio-economic hierarchies we ask why this remains the case despite affirmative action programmes aimed at ensuring ST inclusion in educational institutions, government jobs and elected bodies along with many welfare schemes. Against the backdrop of booming India, the article documents how Bhils and Gaddis struggle to negotiate the obstacles which block paths to economic and social mobility.

Examining College Students’ Attitudes Toward Poverty During the Adult Role of the Community Action Poverty Simulation

Family and Consumer Sciences (FCS) and Extension professionals need to understand the lived experience of poverty because it affects every aspect of an individual’s life. Poverty is related to inadequate nutrition and food insecurity, lack of access to health care, insufficient child care, unsafe neighborhoods, lack of affordable housing, under-resourced schools, and a lower quality of life. Attitudes toward poverty vary widely among Americans and can be categorized as either internal/individual attributions (e.g., laziness, welfare dependency, etc.) or systemic/structural attributions (e.g., unemployment, inflation, etc.). Individuals holding internal attributions toward poverty are more likely to have negative feelings toward impoverished individuals. As such, efforts to educate FCS college students, Extension agents, and all Americans on the day-to-day reality of those in poverty are important. Extension-sponsored Community Action Poverty Simulation (CAPS) programs are effective in changing participants’ attitudes toward poverty. This research used Reflexive Thematic Analysis to analyze 56 reflection papers written by college students enrolled in a family resource management course. Three themes emerged from the research: (a) empathy, (b) a turn from internal attributions, and (c) systematic attributions. This research has implications for Extension and FCS professionals offering CAPS programming in higher education settings.

Long-term social assistance recipients' experiences with an increased monthly payment: a qualitative pilot study.

Ten long-term social assistance recipients in a Norwegian municipality received a greater-than-average fixed monthly payment for 12 months. This study aimed to explore whether these recipients with reduced administrative requirements and a fixed monthly payment that was greater than the average social assistance experienced reduced poverty, increased feelings of independence, better daily living, and an improved quality of life. The study's explorative design included 20 qualitative, in-depth, semi-structured interviews and a longitudinal electronic survey for 12 months. The 10 participants had been selected by the local labour and welfare agency based on stringent criteria and are therefore not representative of social assistance recipients in general. Individual interviews were conducted during autumn 2021 and spring 2022. The interview data were analysed using systematic text condensation, and the survey results are presented using descriptive statistics. The participants included in the project described a reduced experience of poverty. They could buy additional items and set aside money, something they had not been able to do in the past, and meant a great deal to them. They expressed experiencing freedom, gaining a stronger sense of independence, and having lessened feelings of shame. Many of the participants described health issues that were incompatible with working. Being given this opportunity led to a feeling of increased dignity and greater inclusion in society among this selected group of participants. They appreciated the simplified conditions and reduced requirements for administrative matters. All expressed that spending 8 months without contact with the social welfare office was a liberation.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Social Transfer Policies on Poverty for Children with Previous Experience in Poverty

AbstractThis paper assesses the effectiveness of social benefit programs on children who had prior experience with poverty across 27 European countries in the years following the Great Recession (2012–2015). Even though social benefit functions might contribute to alleviating child poverty, our findings highlight that child poverty differs not only across social benefit functions, but also between children with and without previous experience in poverty. While living in a country with comparatively high family/children’s benefits is associated with lower child poverty risk, these benefits do not significantly prevent children from being poor when they have been in poverty in the past year. By contrast, old-age/survivor benefits appear to be strongly associated with a lower risk of poverty for children with previous experience in poverty. This is particularly noticeable in multigenerational households, especially in countries that provide limited support for families with children and allocate significant expenditure to pension benefits. This finding remains consistent even when using lower poverty thresholds.

Loneliness and firearm acquisition among low-income U.S. veterans: Findings from the National Veteran Homeless and Other Poverty Experiences (NV-HOPE) study

RationaleThere are theoretical reasons to expect loneliness related to firearm purchasing. For instance, loneliness might amplify social isolation and feelings of insecurity, anxiety, perceived danger, and need for self-reliance. Purchasing a firearm might be seen as a way to bolster one's security and gain a sense of control when faced with potential threats, yet there is a lack of research assessing this possibility. ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the relationship between loneliness and purchasing a firearm among a sample of low-income U.S. military veterans. MethodsData are from a national survey of 1,004 low-income U.S. veterans collected in December 2022 and January 2023. Firth logistic regression—a rare event logistic regression model to address small-sample bias stemming from rare outcomes through a penalized likelihood approach—was used to estimate the adjusted association between loneliness and purchasing a firearm in the past year. ResultsApproximately 5.4% reported the purchase of a new firearm in the past year, and respondents reported an average loneliness score of 1.82 (standard deviation = 1.96; range = 0–6). Results of Firth Logit regression analyses found that net of control variables for demographic, socioeconomic, and household characteristics, loneliness was positively associated with purchasing a firearm in the past year (OR = 1.167, 95% CI = 1.006, 1.352). ConclusionThe findings indicate that loneliness among U.S. military veterans is associated with firearm purchasing. Considering the risks posed by both loneliness and firearm ownership for veteran suicide, the findings suggest the need for greater focus and synergistic strategies to address loneliness and safe firearm practices among U.S. veterans.

The power of CEO growing up in poverty: Enabling better corporate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance

AbstractRecently, environmental, social, and governance (ESG) has been the subject of extensive research and publication. Researchers have pointed out that corporate ESG performance is not only determined by the demographic and personality characteristics of current executives, but also by early‐life experiences. Recent research has illuminated the influence that early‐life experiences of executives have on corporate social performance. However, there is still a lack of research on how executive poverty experiences affects corporate ESG performance. To fill this void, our study investigates the potential influence of CEOs' childhood poverty experiences on corporate ESG performance, employing the upper echelon theory and imprinting theory. Specifically, we gathered data for publicly traded Chinese companies from 2011 to 2020, and discovered that companies helmed by CEOs who grew up in underprivileged neighborhoods demonstrated superior ESG performance. We also scrutinized the moderating mechanisms that impacted the strength and attenuation of poverty imprinting. Our findings reveal that CEO expected tenure and green investors augment the favorable impact of poverty imprinting on corporate ESG performance, while CEOs who receive higher compensation exhibit a weaker imprint. Our study contributes significantly to the imprinting field and the literature on corporate ESG performance, while also providing valuable insights into strategies that facilitate pro‐social conduct among firms.

Social Determinants of Health: Healthcare managers’ COVID-19 experiences of poor governance, poverty and social media on health interventions

ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted many barriers to healthcare including structural factors like poverty and governance, and intermediary factors such as service delivery, especially in low and middle-income countries where resources are limited. Social Determinants of Health like poverty, governance and access to basic services significantly affect the effectiveness of health interventions. This study aimed to explore healthcare managers’ experiences of delivering health interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Gauteng Province, South Africa, using the Social Determinant of Health lens. Study designExploratory qualitative study. MethodsOnline in-depth interviews were conducted with senior healthcare managers at the Gauteng Department of Health, to explore their experiences during COVID-19, using open-ended questions. The data was saturated with 13 respondents and was analyzed thematically and inductively in NVivo 10. ResultsWe identified four interrelated themes that adversely impacted health interventions from the manager's COVID-19 experiences: poor governance through non-service delivery, government distrust, poverty within communities and the influence of social media on societal values. ConclusionThe failure of the government to deliver community services leads to public distrust and in turn has a spill-over effect which constitutes a barrier to healthcare. COVID-19 has reaffirmed that poverty, poor governance and societal values (influenced by social media) are structural Social Determinants of Health that exacerbates the vulnerability of the poor during outbreaks. Poor governance and poverty limit behavioral options, trust and the effectiveness of health interventions. Social support is needed to assist the poor and vulnerable during outbreak. Finally, while social media messages negatively influenced health-seeking behaviors during COVID-19, they are also a potential tool to counter disease infodemics.

Pushed Out and Drawn In: Exclusionary Discipline, Mental Health, and Protective Factors Among Youth in Public Schools.

Exclusionary discipline (ED) has long been an educational equity concern, but its relationship with student health and protective factors is less understood. Using population-based public school student data (N = 82,216), we examined associations between past-month ED and positive depression and anxiety screening instrument results. We also assessed whether each of 9 potential protective factors moderated the ED-mental health relationship by testing interaction effects. Over 1 in 10 youth experienced past-month ED, with variation by sex, gender identity, special education status, poverty, region, race/ethnicity, and adverse childhood experiences. Net of sociodemographic factors, youth who experienced ED had higher likelihood for current depression (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.55, 1.73) and anxiety (AOR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.41, 1.58) symptoms. Significant associations were robust across 5 racial/ethnic groups, except for anxiety among American Indian/Alaska Native youth. Individual, interpersonal, and school-level protective factors appeared to mitigate depression and anxiety regardless of disciplinary experience. Our findings document ED disproportionality and possible ramifications for emotional well-being. In concert with structural efforts to reduce reliance on ED, strategies that bolster protective factors may support youth already impacted by ED and/or mental health problems.

Using the Community Action Poverty Simulation to Accelerate Learning About Health Equity

With nurse practitioners abating the shortage of primary care services, especially within poorly resourced areas, it is imperative that they understand poverty and how it affects health equity. We proposed to determine how poverty is perceived by nurse practitioner students and to improve understandings of upstream challenges of poverty. We used a mixed-method design that introduced a poverty simulation to 161 health provider students and conducted measures of poverty attitudes and experiences. Results indicated greater understandings of poverty and its antecedents and how to improve health equity in care. We recommend including experiential learning to improve quality of care.