Experience Sampling Method Research Articles

Momentary Self-esteem as a Process Underlying the Association Between Childhood Trauma and Psychosis: Experience Sampling Study

Exposure to childhood trauma is associated with an increased risk of developing and maintaining psychotic symptoms later in life. Self-esteem might be an important psychological process underlying the association between childhood trauma and psychosis, but there is only limited evidence to support this claim, especially in daily life. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether exposure to childhood trauma (physical, emotional, and sexual abuse and physical and emotional neglect) moderates the cross-sectional and temporal associations between self-esteem and psychotic experiences in patients with psychotic disorders, their first-degree relatives, and controls. We assessed momentary self-esteem and psychotic experiences in daily life using the experience sampling method in 139 patients with psychotic disorders, 118 first-degree relatives of patients with psychotic disorders, and 111 controls. Childhood trauma was measured using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. We fitted linear mixed models and added two-way and three-way interaction terms to test the hypotheses. The association between momentary self-esteem and psychotic experiences in daily life was modified by prior exposure to high versus low levels of several types of childhood trauma, that is, physical (χ22=24.9, family-wise error-corrected P<.001) and sexual abuse (χ22=15.9, P<.001) and physical neglect (χ22=116.7, P<.001). Specifically, momentary self-esteem was associated with more intense psychotic experiences in patients exposed to high versus low levels of physical neglect, in relatives exposed to high versus low levels of physical abuse, and in relatives and controls exposed to high versus low levels of sexual abuse. When investigating temporal order, the results showed no evidence that childhood trauma modified the temporal associations between self-esteem at tn-1 and psychotic experiences at tn or those between psychotic experiences at tn-1 and self-esteem at tn. The association between self-esteem and psychotic experiences in daily life was found to be stronger in those exposed to high versus low levels of several types of childhood trauma (ie, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and physical neglect).

70 Social Anhedonia in the Daily Lives of People with Schizophrenia: Examination of Anticipated and Consummatory Pleasure

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Social anhedonia is considered a key feature of schizophrenia that leads to social withdrawal. Research in general anhedonia suggests those with schizophrenia exhibit deficits in anticipated (predicted), but intact consummatory (in-the-moment), pleasure. This study will determine if these temporal differences apply to daily social anhedonia. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This project will use experience sampling methods (ESM) to measure real-world social pleasure in people with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Using electronic surveys, participants will predict social activities they plan to do throughout their day and report anticipated pleasure for each. Then, in subsequent surveys, participants will report their consummatory social pleasure shortly after engaging in each of these activities. We will use a time-lagged approach to match anticipated/consummatory pleasure ratings for specific social events and compute a difference score to determine discrepancy. Multi-level modeling will be used to determine if clinical status (schizophrenia/control) predicts anticipated pleasure, consummatory pleasure, and/or their discrepancy. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Data collection for this project was recently completed. The schizophrenia and control groups (n = 30 per group) were demographically matched for age, sex, race, and ethnicity. Data processing and analyses are currently underway. We hypothesize that, in line with laboratory research in general anhedonia, those with schizophrenia will exhibit deficits in anticipated, but not consummatory, social pleasure throughout their daily lives. Moreover, when anticipated and consummatory pleasure ratings for the same social activities are matched, we expect those with schizophrenia to exhibit larger discrepancies between predicted and in-the-moment pleasure. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This project serves as a critical intermediate step to bridge the gap between laboratory research and patient treatment. ESM bypasses limitations of laboratory studies and increases ecological validity. Results will provide a nuanced understanding of social anhedonia and help identify precise targets to treat social withdrawal in schizophrenia.

The smartphone as a tool for mobile communication research: Assessing mobile campaign perceptions and effects with experience sampling

Mobile communication differs from other forms of mediated communication in terms of connectedness, dynamics, omnipresence, and interactivity. Consequently, it can be difficult for scholars to investigate mobile communication using traditional research methods. The main goal of this article is to show how the mobile experience sampling method (MESM), in combination with data donations, can be useful for addressing the challenges of mobile communication research. We explicate the design using an experience-sampling study that was conducted on mobile campaigning during the Dutch 2021 national election. Using this case, we discuss how MESM can be extended and combined with other data sources, such as tracking data, GPS, and sensory data, to address the challenges of mobile communication effects research and facilitate future studies.

Daily life positive affect regulation in early adolescence: Associations with symptoms of depression.

Individual differences in positive affect (PA) are related to a host of salient developmental outcomes, including social functioning, physical health, and psychopathology. One factor that may contribute to individual differences in PA involves individual differences in PA regulation, which may be broadly categorized into strategies to enhance PA and strategies to dampen PA. To date, however, factors contributing to individual differences in youth PA regulation have been largely understudied. Thus, the present study examined associations between youth depressive symptoms and (a) the implementation and (b) the effectiveness of enhancing and dampening regulation in daily life settings. Participants included 146 early adolescents (52.1% girls; ages 10-14; M[SD] = 12.71[.86]). Youth depressive symptoms were measured using self-report on the CDI-SF. Youth PA and use of enhancing and dampening regulation were assessed 3-4 times per day for a period of 9 days using smartphone-based experience sampling methods (31 total assessments). Results of multilevel structural equation models indicated that depressive symptoms predicted individual differences in youth implementation of dampening but not enhancing regulation. Cross-level interaction analyses indicated that depression did not predict the effectiveness of enhancing or dampening regulation in modulating youth subsequent PA. Findings indicate that youth reporting more depressive symptoms engage in greater dampening of PA relative to their peers, but that PA up- and down-regulation strategies are no more or less effective among early adolescents experiencing elevated levels of depression. Results have implications for understanding mechanisms of risk and resilience across development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Using the experience sampling method to support clinical practice: An illustration with problematic cannabis use

Objective The experience sampling method (ESM) has been frequently used in clinical research; however, there is low translational uptake in clinical practice. This may be due to challenges with interpreting individual-level data at granular intervals. We provide an illustrative example of how ESM can be leveraged to generate personalized cognitive–behavioral strategies for problematic cannabis use. Method We conducted a descriptive case series analysis using ESM data from 30 individuals reporting on problematic cannabis use, craving, affect, and coping four times daily for 16-days (t = 64, T = 1,920). Results Analyzing ESM data using descriptive statistics and visualizations from individuals with similar clinical and demographic profiles supported a diverse array of personalized clinical insights and recommendations for each case. These recommendations included psychoeducation regarding affect- and boredom-regulation strategies, functional analyses of occasions during which cannabis was not used, and discussions on how cannabis use intersects with one’s personal values. Conclusion While many clinicians utilize measurement-based care, barriers have limited the incorporation of ESM towards personalized, data-informed approaches to treatment. We provide an illustrative example of how ESM data can be used to generate actionable treatment strategies for problematic cannabis use and highlight continued challenges with interpreting time-series data.

Do loneliness and social exclusion breed paranoia? An experience sampling investigation across the psychosis continuum

BackgroundThe role of loneliness and social exclusion in the development of paranoia is largely unexplored. Negative affect may mediate potential associations between these factors. We investigated the temporal relationships of daily-life loneliness, felt social exclusion, negative affect, and paranoia across the psychosis continuum. MethodSeventy-five participants, including 29 individuals with a diagnosis of non-affective psychosis, 20 first-degree relatives, and 26 controls used an Experience Sampling Method (ESM) app to capture the fluctuations in loneliness, feelings of social exclusion, paranoia, and negative affect across a 1-week period. Data were analysed with multilevel regression analyses. ResultsIn all groups, loneliness and feelings of social exclusion were independent predictors of paranoia over time (b = 0.05, p < .001 and b = 0.04, p < .05, respectively). Negative affect predicted paranoia (b = 0.17, p < .001) and partially mediated the associations between loneliness, social exclusion, and paranoia. It also predicted loneliness (b = 0.15, p < .0001), but not social exclusion (b = 0.04, p = .21) over time. Paranoia predicted social exclusion over time, with more pronounced effects in controls (b = 0.43) than patients (b = 0.19; relatives: b = 0.17); but not loneliness (b = 0.08, p = .16). ConclusionParanoia and negative affect worsen in all groups following feelings of loneliness and social exclusion. This highlights the importance of a sense of belonging and being included for mental well-being. Loneliness, feeling socially excluded, and negative affect were independent predictors of paranoid thinking, suggesting they represent useful targets in its treatment.

Capturing the Dynamics of the Social Environment Through Experience Sampling Methods, Passive Sensing, and Egocentric Networks: Scoping Review

Social interactions are important for well-being, and therefore, researchers are increasingly attempting to capture people's social environment. Many different disciplines have developed tools to measure the social environment, which can be highly variable over time. The experience sampling method (ESM) is often used in psychology to study the dynamics within a person and the social environment. In addition, passive sensing is often used to capture social behavior via sensors from smartphones or other wearable devices. Furthermore, sociologists use egocentric networks to track how social relationships are changing. Each of these methods is likely to tap into different but important parts of people's social environment. Thus far, the development and implementation of these methods have occurred mostly separately from each other. Our aim was to synthesize the literature on how these methods are currently used to capture the changing social environment in relation to well-being and assess how to best combine these methods to study well-being. We conducted a scoping review according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. We included 275 studies. In total, 3 important points follow from our review. First, each method captures a different but important part of the social environment at a different temporal resolution. Second, measures are rarely validated (>70% of ESM studies and 50% of passive sensing studies were not validated), which undermines the robustness of the conclusions drawn. Third, a combination of methods is currently lacking (only 15/275, 5.5% of the studies combined ESM and passive sensing, and no studies combined all 3 methods) but is essential in understanding well-being. We highlight that the practice of using poorly validated measures hampers progress in understanding the relationship between the changing social environment and well-being. We conclude that different methods should be combined more often to reduce the participants' burden and form a holistic perspective on the social environment.

Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic emotion regulation training in an at-risk sample: a randomized-controlled trial of group-based training versus self-help bibliotherapy.

Subclinical psychotic, depression, and anxiety symptoms form a transdiagnostic 'at-risk state' for the development of mental disorders. Emotion regulation has been identified as a transdiagnostic factor relevant to the formation of these symptoms that can be successfully addressed in clinical interventions. Here, we tested whether a group-based emotion regulation training would be effective in reducing distress and at preventing the transition to mental disorders in an at-risk sample. Participants with distressing subclinical psychotic, depression, or anxiety symptoms (n=138) were randomly allocated to either the 8-week group-based affect regulation training (ART; Springer, New York) or an 8-week self-help bibliotherapy (BT). They underwent biweekly measurements during the intervention, as well as at a six- and 12-month follow-up. In an exploratory analysis, we tested whether the ART would be superior to BT in preventing the transition to any mental disorder at 12-month follow-up. We also tested for differences in trajectories of psychopathology and emotion regulation (via questionnaires) and emotion regulation in daily life (via the experience-sampling method). Participants in the ART condition showed a greater improvement of emotion regulation in daily life than those with BT, but the ART was not superior over BT in preventing the transition to mental disorders. There were significant longitudinal reductions from pre- to post-intervention for general psychopathology and symptoms but no superiority of the ART over BT. Despite its efficacy in improving emotion regulation skills, the ART does not produce effects on psychopathology that justify its recommendation over self-help approaches.

Temporal pathways from attachment insecurity to paranoia in a heterogeneous clinical sample: An experience sampling study.

There has been growing interest in the role of attachment mechanisms in the onset and maintenance of paranoia. The latest systematic reviews of mixed samples of healthy individuals and psychiatric patients have revealed that increased trait attachment anxiety and avoidance are associated with experiencing paranoia, with trait attachment anxiety showing a stronger association. Few studies have examined attachment and paranoia in naturalistic conditions via the Experience Sampling Method. The present study examined whether experiences of attachment anxiety and avoidance fluctuate in the flow of daily life, and whether a within-person change in both attachment states precedes the experience of momentary paranoia, and negative and positive emotions. Thirty-seven clinical participants and twenty-six healthy controls were studied over six consecutive days using the Experience Sampling Method (ESM). An experience-in-close-relationships questionnaire (ECR-R 16 SF) was used to capture trait attachment dimensions. Several ESM items were used to capture momentary negative and positive affect, paranoia and attachment insecurity states. The findings revealed that fluctuations in both attachment insecurity states were significantly higher in the clinical group. A prior elevated attachment anxiety and avoidance was followed by an increase in negative affect in the next moment and elevated attachment avoidance was additionally followed by a decrease in positive affect and an increase in paranoia. Our findings reveal the specific temporal associations between momentary attachment insecurity states as predictors of change in emotions/affects and paranoia, along with evidence that state attachment avoidance has a superior impact on momentary affect and paranoia compared to state attachment anxiety. These results contrast with those of recent cross-sectional studies.

It’s the Little Things in Life: An Examination of Hassles, Mindfulness, and Counterproductive Behaviors

Despite longstanding interest in the work-life interplay, little research exists exploring the role of non-work/non-family related stressors (i.e., hassles) on work processes and how individuals may cope with such stressors. In this paper, we test the effects of hassles on counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs). Drawing on the work-home resources model, we propose that the experience of hassles contributes to higher levels of CWBs by depleting energetic resources which leads to emotional exhaustion. Further, we suggest that mindfulness serves as a protective resource that can buffer against engagement in CWBs associated with exhaustion. We employ three studies—first a pilot study using an experience sampling method design ( N = 205) to explore within-person variation in the proposed relationships. We next conduct a construct validation study of the non-work/non-family hassles construct ( N = 293), and then utilize this validated scale in our third study which was a time-lagged, between-person study ( N = 161). Analyses generally support our predictions that the indirect effect of hassles on CWBs through emotional exhaustion is contingent on mindfulness such that it is stronger when individuals are less mindful. Together, these findings suggest that individuals who experience more hassles feel higher levels of exhaustion, making them more susceptible to engaging in negative behaviors at work. Higher levels of mindfulness, however, play a protective role in deterring individuals from acting out their negative feelings in counterproductive ways.

Is someone looking over my shoulder? An investigation into supervisor monitoring variability, Subordinates' daily felt trust, and well‐being

SummaryRemote working has become the new norm in organizations. However, little is known about how supervisors' monitoring affects their relationships with subordinates in remote work settings. Our research aims to enhance the understanding of the daily dynamics of monitoring and trust between supervisors and subordinates. Based on self‐determination theory, we propose a multilevel theoretical model predicting that supervisors' daily monitoring affects the extent to which subordinates feel trusted by their manager (“felt trust”) and their subsequent daily exhaustion and vigor. Further, we develop the novel concept of supervisor monitoring variability and test its role in these relationships. We conducted two experience sampling method (ESM) studies (N = 191, 1,417 data points for Study 1; N = 257, 2,244 data points for Study 2) in different hybrid work contexts. Multilevel analysis findings confirmed that daily monitoring was negatively associated with daily felt trust, which in turn had a negative impact on subordinates' daily well‐being in both contexts. Furthermore, we found that monitoring variability intensified the negative relationship between daily supervisor monitoring and subordinates' daily felt trust in the newly introduced remote working context, although not in a more stable context. We discuss the theoretical implications of our findings and derive a research agenda to study the daily dynamics of monitoring and its implications for organizations.

Effects of thriving at work on employees' family role performance: A moderated mediation model.

Existing research has demonstrated that thriving at work has a positive effect on work performance, but little is known about how thriving at work affects family role performance. Based on the work-home resource model, this study examines the impact mechanism of thriving at work on family role performance. This paper uses an experience sampling method to conduct a 5-day daily study of 151 married employees in Northwest China, and the data were analyzed using a multilevel linear model. We find that thriving at work positively affects family role performance partly through the mediating effect of work-family enrichment at the individual level. Moreover, family-supportive supervisor behavior moderates the relationship between thriving at work and work-family enrichment. Through work-family enrichment, family-supportive supervisor behavior also moderates the indirect relationship between thriving at work and family role performance. Specifically, the higher the level of family-supportive supervisor behavior, the stronger the indirect effect of thriving at work on family role performance through work-family enrichment. Previous research has focused more on the effects of thriving at work within the work domain, suggesting that thriving at work can have a positive impact on work outcomes. However, only a few studies have examined the positive relationship between thriving at work and family role performance from the perspective of employees' positive psychological resources. This paper explores the positive effects of thriving at work on family role performance based on a resource flow perspective and identifies its potential boundary conditions. This study enriches the theoretical research on the relationship between thriving at work and family role performance. Additionally, it provides a new foothold and research perspective on improving work-family enrichment.

Real-time Symptom Assessment in Patients With Endometriosis: Psychometric Evaluation of an Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome Measure, Based on the Experience Sampling Method.

The experience sampling method (ESM) holds advantages over traditional retrospective questionnaires including a high ecological validity, no recall bias, the ability to assess fluctuation of symptoms, and the ability to analyze the temporal relationship between variables. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of an endometriosis-specific ESM tool. This is a short-term follow-up prospective study, including patients with premenopausal endometriosis aged ≥18 years who reported dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, or dyspareunia between December 2019 and November 2020. An ESM-based questionnaire was sent out by a smartphone application 10 times a day during 1 week on randomly chosen moments. Additionally, patients completed questionnaires concerning demographics, end-of-day pain scores, and end-of-week symptom scores. The psychometric evaluation included compliance, concurrent validity, and internal consistency. Twenty-eight patients with endometriosis completed the study. Compliance for answering the ESM questions was as high as 52%. End-of-week pain scores were higher than ESM mean scores and showed peak reporting. ESM scores showed strong concurrent validity when compared with symptoms scored by the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale-Irritable Bowel Syndrome, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorders Scale, 9-question Patient Health Questionnaire, and the majority of questions of the 30-item Endometriosis Health Profile. Cronbach α coefficients demonstrated a good internal consistency for abdominal symptoms, general somatic symptoms, and positive affect, and an excellent internal consistency for negative affect. This study supports the validity and reliability of a newly developed electronic instrument for the measurement of symptoms in women with endometriosis, based on momentary assessments. This ESM patient-reported outcome measure has the advantage of providing a more detailed view on individual symptom patterns and offers the possibility for patients to have insight in their symptomatology, leading to more individualized treatment strategies that can improve the quality of life of women with endometriosis.

Neural correlates of conflict adaptation predict daily stress reactivity.

Chronic exposure to daily stress can be harmful to mental health especially when individuals lack adaptive adjustment mechanisms. The present study aimed to investigate how the adaptive capacities in cognition and emotion as well as their neural signatures could moderate the stress reactivity in daily life. Seventy-five healthy participants aged 18-24 years participated in this study. We recorded brain activity using electroencephalography while participants were performing a conflict task and an emotion regulation task in the laboratory. Using the experience sampling method, participants were subsequently instructed to report their daily stress and daily affect on 14 consecutive days. Our results revealed that a larger adaptation effect in reaction times of the conflict task predicted a stronger negative affect in response to the stress of the same day. The adaptation effect in the N2 and P3 components elicited by the conflict task predicted a weaker influence of today's stress level on the next day's stress level, pointing to a better stress adaptation. However, emotion regulation capacities did not predict daily stress reactivity. Our data indicate that conflict adaption predicts two aspects of stress reactivity in daily life: how stress influences the negative affect that day, and how stress that day is related to stress the next day. These findings point to new avenues for early screening of stress-vulnerable populations, with implications for the prevention and intervention of stress-related mental disorders.

Beyond Mindfulness Assessed by Questionnaires: The Mindful-Breathing Exercise as an Additional Approach in PTSD and Depression

ObjectivesDespite various methodological concerns, previous studies mainly use questionnaires to assess mindfulness. Following a multi-measurement approach, the present study aimed to evaluate the added value of an experience-sampling measure in the context of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression.MethodData were collected in a PTSD group, depression group, and control group (each n = 33). The Mindful-Breathing Exercise (MBE) was used as an experience-sampling method and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) as a mindfulness questionnaire. Clinical variables included PTSD and depressive symptoms.ResultsScores from the MBE and the FFMQ were positively correlated in the control group (r = 0.48) and the depression group (r = 0.28), while a non-significant correlation emerged for the PTSD group. On the level of FFMQ facets, results were heterogeneous among the three groups. The MBE predicted hyperarousal (β = − 0.41) and intrusions (β = − 0.32) in the PTSD group, whereas the FFMQ predicted depressive symptoms in the depression group (β = − 0.41) and the control group (β = − 0.65). Compared to the control group, the PTSD group (d = 1.88) and the depression group (d = 1.67) demonstrated lower FFMQ scores. In terms of the MBE, there was a trend towards higher scores in the control group than either clinical group.ConclusionsFindings hint at conceptual overlaps and distinctive features of both measurement approaches. With respect to the clinical context, results suggest an added value of the MBE to questionnaire-based assessments of mindfulness with respect to its predictive value for hyperarousal and intrusions.PreregistrationThis study is not pre-registered.

Does ICT Usage Have a Positive or Negative Effect on Taiwanese Older Adults' Emotional Experiences? The Moderating Role of Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction.

While some studies have found that older adults' use of information and communications technology (ICT) contributes to their positive emotions, others have not. According to previous research, basic psychological needs satisfaction may help us explore the relationships between older adults' ICT usage and their emotional experience. This study aimed to investigate the moderation effect of older adults' basic psychological needs satisfaction on the relationship between ICT usage and emotional experience using the experience sampling method via the communication application, Line. At the first phase of the study, we surveyed each participant's age, gender and satisfaction with basic psychological needs, and afterward, each participant needed to complete their current situation each day throughout the 10-day period. A total of 788 daily experiences of 32 participants (Mage = 63.13; SDage = 5.97, ranging from 52 to 75; 81% women) were collected, and hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was conducted. Results revealed that ICT usage generally enhanced older adults' positive emotional experience. Those with satisfied competence needs had stable and positive emotional experiences with or without using ICT, while those without could further promote their positive emotional experience by using ICT. Those with satisfied relatedness needs had more positive emotional experiences when using ICT, while those without had similar emotional experiences with or without ICT.

Short-, medium-, and long-term impact of watching humorous video clips on stress and well-being: An experience sampling method-based field experiment

Stress-induced diseases and the severe consequences of chronic stress have been rising steadily over the past several decades. To examine the effectiveness of watching humorous videos as an easily-accessible, adaptive coping-strategy, a preregistered field-based experience-sampling method experiment was conducted (3 weeks) by using a unique design (short-term retests nested within daily assessments). At a daily level, participants (N = 57) watched short, preselected humorous videos and stated their stress level and well-being (i.e., activation, valence), once before the video and three times in the half-hour after (N = 2,789 assessments). Furthermore, stable concepts such as personality, coping strategies, stress, life satisfaction, negative thinking, somatic symptoms, and resilience were assessed before and after the study (i.e., 3-weeks). Watching humorous videos was associated with an instant effect in stress reduction and well-being improvement, which slowly faded in the medium-term (i.e., within 30 min). No consistent long-term effects after 3 weeks were found. These findings highlight the short-term effectiveness of an adaptive, free-of-charge, and widely used coping strategy to reduce stress and increase well-being.

Combining actigraphy and experience sampling to assess physical activity and sleep in patients with psychosis: A feasibility study.

Sleep disorders and reduced physical activity are common in patients with psychosis and can be related to health-related outcomes such as symptomatology and functioning. Mobile health technologies and wearable sensor methods enable continuous and simultaneous monitoring of physical activity, sleep, and symptoms in one's day-to-day environment. Only a few studies have applied simultaneous assessment of these parameters. Therefore, we aimed to examine the feasibility of the simultaneous monitoring of physical activity, sleep, and symptoms and functioning in psychosis. Thirty three outpatients diagnosed with a schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder used an actigraphy watch and experience sampling method (ESM) smartphone app for 7 consecutive days to monitor physical activity, sleep, symptoms, and functioning. Participants wore the actigraphy watch during day and night and completed multiple short questionnaires (eight daily, one morning, and one evening) on their phone. Hereafter they completed evaluation questionnaires. Of the 33 patients (25 male), 32 (97.0%) used the ESM and actigraphy during the instructed timeframe. ESM response was good: 64.0% for the daily, 90.6% for morning, and 82.6% for evening questionnaire(s). Participants were positive about the use of actigraphy and ESM. The combination of wrist-worn actigraphy and smartphone-based ESM is feasible and acceptable in outpatients with psychosis. These novel methods can help both clinical practice and future research to gain more valid insight into physical activity and sleep as biobehavioral markers linked to psychopathological symptoms and functioning in psychosis. This can be used to investigate relationships between these outcomes and thereby improve individualized treatment and prediction.

Do People With Schizophrenia Enjoy Social Activities as Much as Everyone Else? A Meta-analysis of Consummatory Social Pleasure.

The "emotion paradox" of schizophrenia suggests people with schizophrenia demonstrate deficits when reporting anticipated and retrospective pleasure; yet, in-the-moment, consummatory pleasure is largely intact. It is uncertain how these findings extend to social situations. This meta-analysis aimed to (1) determine the mean difference in consummatory social pleasure between people with schizophrenia and healthy controls, and (2) examine moderators of this effect, including study design and clinical characteristics of participants. A literature search using PsycINFO, Web of Science, Pubmed, and EMBASE databases was conducted. Studies measuring consummatory social pleasure using experience sampling methods and laboratory social simulations were included. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted using Hedge's g. Meta-analysis of 26 studies suggests people with schizophrenia exhibited a small, significant deficit in consummatory social pleasure (g = -0.38, 90% CI [-0.53, -0.22]). There was significant heterogeneity in effect sizes; magnitude was moderated by study design and type of measure used to assess social pleasure. Overall, people with schizophrenia seem to exhibit less consummatory social pleasure than controls. However, this deficit is smaller than in studies of anticipated and retrospective pleasure. Thus, consummatory social pleasure may not be quite as impaired in people with schizophrenia as traditional anhedonia research suggests. Moreover, pleasure deficits observed in people with schizophrenia may result from differences in the quality of their daily social experiences rather than differences in their capacity for social pleasure. Results have important implications for clinical interventions that address barriers to social engagement, low-pleasure beliefs, and cognitive remediation to treat schizophrenia.

"I Know Myself Again, Which Makes Me Motivated for Life": Feasibility and Acceptability of Using Experience Sampling Methods With Trauma-Exposed Sexual Minority Women.

Intensive longitudinal designs (e.g., experience sampling methods [ESMs]) hold promise for examining the dynamic interplay between daily adversity, coping strategies, and behavioral and mental health issues among marginalized populations. However, few studies have used intensive longitudinal designs with sexual minority women (SMW), an understudied and at-risk population. We assessed feasibility and acceptability of using once-daily, interval-contingent ESM with 161 trauma-exposed SMW (Mage = 29.1, SD = 7.57); 20.5% nonbinary; 32.3% queer; 52.2% people of color; 14.3% with annual incomes ≤$9,999; and 30.4% in Southern United States (U.S.). SMW completed one comprehensive online baseline assessment and once-daily brief online assessments for 14 days. Daily surveys assessed past-24-hour stressors, stress responses, and behavioral and mental health symptoms. At the end of the 14-day ESM period, SMW answered three open-ended questions about participating in this study and about research with SMW. Regarding feasibility, 151 participants (94.0%) initiated the post-baseline ESM study portion and 72 (45.0%) completed all 14 daily surveys. An average of 11.70 (median = 13, SD = 3.31) daily surveys (83.5%) were completed by those who initiated the ESM. ESM completion level varied by race/ethnicity and U.S. region. Qualitative acceptability data revealed several themes, namely that SMW (1) enjoyed participating and felt positively about the ESM experience, (2) felt supported to reflect on impacts of early and ongoing stressors, (3) appreciated the chance to self-reflect and challenge existing thought patterns and coping behaviors, (4) recognized their capacity to tolerate trauma-related distress, (5) recommended that researchers focus on SMW's diverse stressors and daily experiences, (6) wanted a rationale for providing sensitive information and more space to narrate their experiences, and (7) recognized the need for affirmative treatment and policies. Findings could inform modifications to ESM protocols to improve their feasibility and acceptability among trauma-exposed SMW and promote ongoing utility of this valuable method.