Experience Of Physical Violence Research Articles

Occupational violence toward mental health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: an international study.

According to pre-COVID-19 pandemic studies, occupational violence (OV) toward mental healthcare professionals (MHCPs) is a common phenomenon with important consequences for their own mental health. This study sought to assess the prevalence of different types and sources of OV toward MHCPs during the COVID-19 pandemic, analyze the risk for OV conferred by relevant factors, and compare the emotional distress reported by MHCPs with and without OV. The study is an international cross-sectional Internet-based study completed by 3,325 MHCPs having provided direct clinical services during the COVID-19 pandemic. 13.11% experienced OV. The most frequent type/source of OV was psychological violence inside the workplace (59.6% of those who reported OV). Risk factors for any type/source of OV being younger, working in emergency services, treating COVID-19 patients, and living in a lower to upper middle-income country. Emotional distress was higher in those who had experienced OV. Risk factors for emotional distress among those reporting OV included being younger and having experienced physical violence outside the workplace. Approximately one in ten MHCP experienced OV during the COVID-19 pandemic. This figure is consistent with the range of OV against MHCPs reported prior to the pandemic and indicates that efforts are needed to prevent and manage OV and its negative emotional consequences among MHCP, particularly in aforementioned high-risk groups during health emergencies, and addressing both proximal and distal environmental factors related to OV toward MHCPs.

Association between workplace violence from patients and the mental health status of healthcare workers in Zhuhai China: a cross-sectional study.

Workplace violence (WPV) poses a serious occupational risk. This study aims to explore the association between WPV from patients and the occurrence of insomnia, depression, and anxiety among healthcare workers. Information about the WPV from patients was collected by a self-designed questionnaire. Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were used for the assessment of mental health. Logistic regression was used to explore the association between WPV from patients and insomnia, depression, and anxiety. Mediation analysis was used to evaluate the mediation effect of depression and anxiety on the relationships between WPV from patients and insomnia. Of 10,413 included healthcare workers, 40.05% experienced verbal violence, 6.44% experienced physical violence from patients in the past year. There is a significant association between verbal violence and insomnia (OR = 1.780, 95% CI: 1.591-1.990), depression (OR = 1.823, 95% CI: 1.640-2.026), and anxiety (OR = 1.831, 95% CI: 1.606-2.087), as well as physical violence (insomnia: OR = 1.220, 95% CI: 1.002-1.481; depression: OR = 1.274, 95% CI: 1.052-1.540; anxiety: OR = 1.316, 95% CI: 1.058-1.630). Moreover, depression and anxiety mediated the relationship between WPV and insomnia, the mediated proportion was 62.21% in the association between verbal violence and insomnia, and 60.22% in the association between physical violence and insomnia. The association between WPV from patients and heightened risks of mental health issues emphasizes the necessity of supportive work environments. Recognizing the mediating role of depression and anxiety stresses the significance of tailored mental health training for healthcare staff.

Attitudes of healthcare professionals toward individuals with substance use disorders

Introduction and Objectives: This research project aims to gain insight into the attitudes of health professionals towards individuals with substance use disorders, and to examine the impact of these attitudes on various aspects of healthcare, including treatment processes, the physician-patient relationship, and social interactions. Materials and Methods: The scientific research on the awareness of health personnel towards substance addicts included medical professionals such as doctors, pharmacists, nurses, midwives and medical secretaries, as well as other similar health personnel. A total of 69 health personnel participated in the research. The questionnaire comprised demographic questions, questions about their professional behaviours and their thoughts about substance addicts in their social lives. Findings: The many of participants (73.9%) were doctors, while a smaller proportion were pharmacists (5.8%), nurses (5.8%), pharmacist journeymen (5.8%), medical secretaries (4.3%), and individuals from other occupational groups (4.3%). A total of 27.9% of the participants were between the ages of 35 and 44, while 25% were between the ages of 45 and 54. Three individuals reported encountering substance addicts on a daily basis within the workplace. Seven individuals indicated that they had been subjected to violence by individuals with substance use disorders. Twenty health care personnel reported that they had been forced to procure drugs illegally. Among those who were subjected to violence, 10.1% experienced verbal violence, while 6% experienced physical violence. Additionally, 42% of respondents perceived the applicability of preventive measures against substance addiction in society to be low. Conclusion: Substance addiction can be defined as a life-threatening condition that needs to be treated. Increasing the level of education and awareness of health personnel in substance addiction should be considered to have a positive effect on the addicts who receive and want to receive treatment.

Casting a long shadow: Examining the relationships between vicarious and direct racism and generalized trust among Asian communities in New Zealand during COVID-19

Utilizing a social learning perspective, this study investigated the associations between vicarious and direct racism and generalized trust among Asian communities in New Zealand during COVID-19, highlighting the comparability of their effects. Data from a cross-sectional online survey conducted in 2021 (N = 1377), were utilized to estimate the prevalence of vicarious and direct racism experiences and the distribution of since-COVID generalized trust. Linear regression was used to assess the association between experiences of racism and shifts in generalized trust. Findings indicate that almost 40 % of participants experienced racism, with vicarious experiences of physical violence and unfair treatment being more prevalent, while direct experiences of microaggressions and verbal/written abuse were more common. Female, younger, Chinese, and South East Asian participants, those for whom English is a first language, and students reported disproportionate reductions in generalized trust. Negative associations were identified between vicarious and direct racism experiences and changes in generalized trust. Crucially, our analysis reveals that vicarious microaggression experiences have a greater negative association with generalized trust than direct experiences, challenging prevailing perceptions of their significance. Emphasizing a comprehensive approach to eliminating all forms of racism, the findings support the need for critical scrutiny of media reporting of racism and its influence on trust.

Assessment of Mothers' Shaking Behavior of their Babies and Related Factors: An Experimental Approach Using an Accelerometer and an Infant Manikin.

Our study aimed to investigate the factors associated with mothers' shaking behavior of their babies. Sixty-three mothers who stated that they shook their babies (Group B) and 91 mothers who stated that they did not (Group A) among those who applied to or were followed up from the Pediatric Outpatient Clinics of our University Hospital were included. The mothers (with a baby aged 0-30 months) completed the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and psychiatric rating scales measuring attachment styles, empathic tendency, perceived social support, and self-esteem. The severity of the simulated shaking of the mothers was measured by an accelerometer placed on an infant manikin and separately scored on a Numerical Rating Scale by the researchers and an Illustrated Numeric Rating Scale by the mothers. In group B, babies' crying frequency was higher (P = .008); soothing the babies when they cried was more difficult (P = .019), mothers reported that they were exposed to physical violence more in their childhood (P = .003), BSI hostility scores (P = .004) and BSI-anxiety scores (P = .034) of the mothers were higher when compared with the group A. The age of the babies (P = .002, OR = 1.096), moderate crying frequency (P = .035, OR = 2.900), the mothers' difficulty in soothing their babies (sometimes P = .018, OR = 3.705, often/always P = .014, OR = 7.777), and the mothers' experience of physical violence in childhood (P = .002, OR = 5.674) were found to be factors affecting the shaking behavior. Clarifying the factors associated with the mothers' shaking behavior of their babies would be helpful in terms of protecting future generations.

Violent encounters on the front line: Sequential explanatory mixed-methods investigation of physical violence factors in the prehospital setting

ObjectiveWorkplace violence (WPV) is an important issue in prehospital care, especially for emergency medical technicians ( EMTs) who are at increased risk of physical violence due to the nature of their work. This study aimed to shed light on the specific factors that contribute to the underlying causes of physical WPV in the prehospital context through direct experience and insight into the work of EMTs.MethodsSequential explanatory mixed methods were applied in five western provinces of Iran from 2022 to 2023. In total, 358 EMTs that met the criteria for the quantitative phase were selected using a multi-stage clustering method. In the quantitative phase, the researchers used a questionnaire on workplace violence in the healthcare sector. Based on the results of the quantitative phase, 21 technicians who had experienced physical violence in the past 12 months were invited for in-depth interviews in the qualitative phase.ResultsThe average age of the EMTs was 33.96 ± 6.86 years, with an average work experience of 10.57 ± 6.80 years. More than half (53.6%) of the staff worked 24-hour shifts. In addition, most EMTs were located in urban bases (50.3%), and 78 (21.8%) reported having experienced physical violence. No significant correlations were found between the demographic characteristics of the technicians and the frequency of physical violence, except base location in the last 6 months. The qualitative study also created one theme (the complexity of WPV in the prehospital setting), four categories, and ten subcategories.ConclusionThe study’s results emphasize the need for comprehensive WPV factors in the prehospital setting. These factors can lead to identifying and improving strategies such as organizational support, improving communication and collaboration between responders, and training in de-escalation techniques. In addition, it is crucial to address the root causes of WPV such as poverty and lack of education in the community to create a safer and more supportive environment for patients and staff.

Intimate partner violence in Nepal: Analysis of Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2022.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health issue in Nepal. IPV has social and economic impacts on women, family, and the wider society. In this study, we aimed to determine factors associated with IPV among currently partnered women aged 15-49. We conducted a secondary data analysis of the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2022. The study examines the lifetime prevalence of IPV. IPV was measured in three domains: experience of physical violence, emotional violence, and sexual violence. Weighted univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis were applied to determine factors associated with IPV. The results of logistic regression were presented as crude odds ratio (COR) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and their 95% confidence interval (CI). Of 3853 women, 27.2% had experienced any form of IPV. The lifetime prevalence of physical violence, emotional violence, and sexual violence were 23.2%, 12.8%, and 7.1%, respectively. Higher odds of physical violence were reported among women aged 35-49 years (AOR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.58-2.87), women without formal education (AOR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.10-2.06), and women who justified wife-beating (AOR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.00-1.52). Women from poor households (AOR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.12-2.35) and women with uneducated partners (AOR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.08-2.58) were at higher risk of experiencing sexual violence. Women with unemployed husbands reported a higher risk of physical violence (AOR: 2.72, 95% CI: 1.45-5.06) and emotional violence (AOR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.12-2.35). Almost one in three currently partnered women experienced some form of IPV in their lifetime. Various sociodemographic, partner-related, and women's empowerment-related factors were associated with experiencing IPV. Acknowledging and addressing these factors is essential to mitigating the high rates of IPV among reproductive aged women.

Physical, Sexual, and Intimate Partner Violence Among Transgender and Gender-Diverse Individuals

Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) communities experience disproportionate levels of violence, yet due to limitations in measuring TGD identity, few state-representative estimates are available. To assess gender identity differences in experiences of violence among adults. Cross-sectional data from the 2023 California Violence Experiences (CalVEX) survey, weighted to provide state-representative estimates, was used to assess associations between gender identity and past-year experiences of violence among adults 18 years and older. Data were analyzed from June to December 2023. Gender identity (cisgender women, cisgender men, transgender women, transgender men, and nonbinary individuals). Experience of physical violence (including physical abuse and threat or use of a weapon), sexual violence (verbal sexual harassment, homophobic or transphobic slurs, cyber and physically aggressive sexual harassment, and forced sex), and intimate partner violence (IPV; emotional, physical, or sexual violence) using age-adjusted logistic regression. In total 3560 individuals (weighted cumulative response rate, 5%) completed the 2023 CalVEX survey, with 1978 cisgender women, 1431 cisgender men, 35 transgender women, 52 transgender men, and 64 nonbinary respondents (mean [SD] age, 47.1 [17.5] years; 635 [17%] were Asian, 839 [37%] were Hispanic, and 1159 [37%] were White). Past-year physical violence was reported by 22 transgender men (43%), 9 transgender women (24%), and 9 nonbinary respondents (14%). Past-year sexual violence was reported by 23 transgender men (42%), 11 transgender women (14%), and 31 nonbinary respondents (56%). Compared with cisgender women, transgender women and transgender men had greater risk of past-year physical violence (any form) (transgender women adjusted incidence rate ratio [AIRR], 6.7; 95% CI, 2.5-18.2; transgender men AIRR, 9.7; 95% CI, 5.3-17.7), as well as past-year IPV (any form) (transgender women AIRR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.3-8.0; transgender men AIRR, 6.7; 95% CI, 4.0-11.3). Relative to cisgender women, transgender men (AIRR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.7-5.1) and nonbinary respondents (AIRR, 3.3; 95% CI, 2.1-5.2) had greater risk of past-year sexual violence (any form). In this survey study of adults in California, results showed that TGD individuals, especially transgender men, are at higher risk of experiencing all forms of violence relative to cisgender women. Results highlight the need for gender-affirming violence prevention and intervention services as well as policies that protect TGD individuals from discriminatory violence.

Relación entre Violencia Física y Otras Formas de Maltrato Intrafamiliar en Mujeres Adolescentes Embarazadas

Besides the relationship with each other, forms of abuse are risk factors for the use of alcoholic beverages, early initiation of sexual activity, and early pregnancy. There are still gaps in the literature regarding maltreatment events in specific groups. This study aims to identify the relationship between physical violence and other forms of mistreatment in Malanje municipality pregnant teenagers from August 2nd to October 5th, 2022. It is quantitative survey of 137 participants in a single-stage cluster. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, and multivariate analysis by logistic regression were applied at a 0.05 significance level. As results, the study demonstrates that pregnant adolescents living in rural areas were 5.38 times more likely to suffer physical violence than those from urban/ peri-urban areas. The experience of physical violence by study participants was associated with corporal punishment (AOR= 4.35; 95% CI. 1.86-10.18) and severe physical violence (AOR= 4.95; 95% CI. 1.24-19.80). No significant association was found between physical violence and psychological aggression (AOR= 1.81; 95% CI. 0.55-5.96). In conclusion, pregnant teenagers who are victims of non-violent abuse are equally vulnerable to violent acts. A permanent dialogue with families to promote violence-free education is needed, especially in more disadvantaged areas. Future studies should further explore geographic issues to generate more assertive strategies.

Interpersonal violence against children in sport in the Italian context: prevalence research

The current article presents the results of the first comprehensive prevalence study focusing on interpersonal violence against children in the context of sports in Italy. Utilizing a dedicated online questionnaire, our survey encompassed a cohort of over 1.400 adults who had engaged in organized sports activities before reaching the age of 18. The inquiry sought to elicit information regarding their experiences with childhood psychological, physical, and sexual violence within the sporting milieu. The survey outcomes revealed noteworthy statistics, with 30% of all respondents reporting incidents of psychological violence, 18% disclosing experiences of physical violence, 14% reported neglect and 14% indicating encounters with sexual violence during their participation in sports. Some of this data and their discussion has already been included in the Change the Game project's final research report. These findings can be used as a fundamental foundation for monitoring and assessing current and future protective measures in the context of sports in Italy.

‘I’m his safe space’: Mothers’ Experiences of Physical Violence From Their Neurodivergent Children—Gender, Conflict and the Ethics of Care

Abstract Drawing on recent criminological scholarship on child to parent violence (CPV), this article applies a feminist ‘ethics of care’ framework to understand how mothers of neurodivergent children understand the violence they experience from them. Examining data from in-depth interviews with 15 mothers who experience CPV, this article explores how mothers construct themselves as a ‘safe space’ through which their child can manage their distress. The tensions and emotional conflicts this produces for mothers, as well as the harms that result, are highlighted. Discussion focusses on the usefulness of understanding family violence from an ‘ethics of care’ framework, and the implications for violence prevention through broader social change.

Description of the Compliance of Women Who Experience Physical Violence in Dating

One type of violence that many women face is dating violence. Shock will appear when someone goes out violently. Many people are susceptible to change in response to stressful conditions. This study aims to find out how the compliance of women who experience physical violence while dating. This study used narrative qualitative methods to find these problems and analyze the picture of compliance of women who experienced dating violence. Three students of Satya Wacana Christian University, Salatiga, were involved in the study. This research data was obtained through observation and interviews. Data is analyzed by subtracting, presenting, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study found that the picture of dating violence is due to overprotective actions justified by the victim. The victim feels comfortable because the overprotective act is seen as reasonable in dating. The mechanism of obedience can then make the victim decide to continue their relationship, despite the physical violence against him.

29 Predictors of Verbal Memory Performance Following Brain Injury Among Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence

Objective:Numerous survivors of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) experience physical violence to the head and neck areas, placing them at high risk of sustaining a brain injury (BI). Studies report that the prevalence of traumatic BI among IPV survivors ranges from 35% to as much as 80%. IPV-related BIs can have debilitating long-term consequences on survivors’ quality of life and overall functioning. One important factor impacting quality of life following TBI is verbal memory abilities. Given the link between verbal memory abilities and functional status, identifying predictors of verbal memory performance has important implications for directing support and rehabilitative efforts for survivors of IPV-related BIs. The current aim of the study was to investigate predictors of verbal memory performance following TBI among survivors of IPV.Participants and Methods:A modified HELPS Brain Injury (BI) screener was administered to women receiving services for IPV through community organizations and shelters in two urban, Midwestern cities. Women who screened positive for IPV-related BI (n=32) were invited to complete a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation including the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. The delayed recall score of the RAVLT was used as a measure of verbal memory performance. BI history and characteristics were based on survivors’ responses to the modified HELPS screener. Multiple regression was used to determine significant predictors of verbal performance with RAVLT-Delayed Recall scores serving as the criterion, and education, age, number of reported injuries, number of injuries that left participants feeling dazed/confused, following provider recommendations, and childhood history of injury all entered as predictors.Results:The model indicated that a large percentage of the variability (R2 = .378) in delayed recall performance could be attributed to the combination of predictors in the model (F (6, 25) = 2.828, p = .047). Examination of the regression coefficients indicated that only following provider recommendations (ß = .420, p = .019), and number of injuries that induced disorientation/confusion (ß = -.592, p = .004) were significantly related to delayed recall after controlling for all other variables in the model.Conclusions:The results of this study suggest that injury severity and adhering to medical recommendations after IPV-related TBI play a significant role in predicting cognitive functioning. Consistent with existing literature, our findings show that injury characteristics of severity and repetition are closely associated with memory functioning. These findings have implications for guiding screening procedures that may be more sensitive to functional outcome in survivors of IPV who are at risk for BI. Furthermore, our findings highlight a need to increase awareness of IPV-related BI in medical professionals, and to support these front-line staff in providing medical care and psychoeducation about BI to IPV survivors.

Prevalence and risk factors of physical violence against husbands: evidence from India.

As the proportion of women being victims of spousal violence in India is higher than men, laws are usually framed to safeguard women. However, men who have experienced physical spousal violence are not unheard of. The study aims to provide the nationwide prevalence of physical violence against husbands and the risk factors for such violence, using large-scale nationally representative 'National Family Health Survey' (NFHS 4) data. The study used descriptive, bivariate, logistic, and multilevel regression models with a random intercept clustering within states and households to explain the physical violence against husband. Sample size for the analysis was 62,716 currently married women aged 15-49 years. Findings revealed that in most of the states of India, physical spousal violence has increased over time. Behavioural characteristics like marital control, alcoholism, and childhood experience of parental violence have a consistent and strong role in explaining the experience of physical violence across states. With age, experience of violence against husbands increases. Differences in socio-economic characteristics do not have unidirectional effect on violence experienced by husbands across regions of India. Working women who are earning cash and having access to mobile phones perpetrate more physical violence in selected regions. Education shows a gradient on such violence perpetration, indicating that only after achieving a certain level of education, chances of violence reduce. Regionally contrasting social and economic risk factors in explaining violence strengthen the argument that violence is space and culture-specific, and development alone may not resolve violence unless the system is addressing the behavioural aspects. There is a need for supporting men experiencing domestic violence within the existing system facilities. Revisiting the present domestic violence laws and programmes for inclusivity is the need of the hour.

Review Based Study of Physical Violence Experienced by Women from their Husband in Nepal

The article is based on the issues of violence against women (VAW) by their husbands. The experience of physical violence faced by women from their husband in Nepal is the main focus of this article. Violent behaviors like physical attacks or harm done by men against women have been unfortunate events in individuals. The article shows the status of Nepal in the world in the context of violence. The objectives of the article are to identify the situation of violence against women by age, level of education, caste/ ethnicity and occupation of the women. The data for this article was collected by cross-sectional survey and the study was quantitative descriptive study. The prevalence of all forms of VAW by husband was common among women aged 15-49. Even physical violence (22.8%) was higher than emotional (12.3%) and sexual (7%) violence. Physical violence is pervasive in any status of the women; in such a situation the government must focus its programs to eliminate any type of violence against women.

Understanding sibling violence and its impact over the life course: The case of Ghana.

Sibling relationships are a significant part of family dynamics, and sibling violence may be manifested in these relationships. Sibling violence has rarely been examined in the domestic violence literature on sub-Saharan Africa, so little is known about its prevalence or consequences. This study used a life course perspective to examine the effects of sibling violence on Ghanaian women's intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and perpetration in adulthood. Data were collected from about 1700 ever-married Ghanaian women aged 18 years and above between May and August 2022. Logit models were used to explore retrospective accounts of women's experience of various types of sibling violence in childhood and their later victimization and/or perpetration of IPV. Results showed sibling violence was prevalent in our sample: 51.2% experienced sibling emotional violence, 39.5% experienced physical violence, and 2.3% experienced sexual violence. Our findings generally supported the life course perspective. Women with experiences of sibling physical, sexual, and emotional violence were significantly more likely to perpetrate physical, sexual, and emotional IPV in adulthood. Similarly, women with experiences of sibling violence were more likely to report IPV victimization in later years. Domestic violence interventions should pay attention to sibling relationships in children's early years.

Low awareness but high acceptability of pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV among men who have sex with men and transgender persons in Delhi, India.

Background: HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is part of India's HIV prevention policy. We aimed to determine awareness of and willingness-to-use PrEP among men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) and transgender-persons (TG) in Delhi, India.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at five purposively selected targeted-intervention projects in Delhi. Participants included self-identified MSM/TG aged ≥18years, with negative/unknown HIV serostatus. A structured interview schedule, developed using formative research, was used. Primary outcomes were awareness of, and willingness-to-use PrEP. Socio-demographic and behaviour variables included age, living situation, education, anal-sex, condom-use and experiences of physical-violence. Determinants of outcome were identified in univariable logistic regression; variables associated at p < .25 were included in multivariable regression models.Results: Of 400 (224 MSM, 176TG), mean ± SD age 25.7 ± 7.2years, 14.5% (95% CI 11.0, 18.0) were aware of PrEP, while 63.3% (95% CI: 58.6, 68.1) reported willingness-to-use PrEP. PrEP-awareness was independently associated with formal-education (adjusted odds ratio; AOR = 1.20), professional occupation (AOR = 5.45) and condom-use (AOR = 3.07). Willingness-to-use PrEP was higher if participants had recent anal-sex (AOR = 2.29), had used condoms during anal-sex (AOR = 2.09), or recently experienced physical-violence (AOR = 3.65).Conclusions: PrEP awareness was low, but most were willing to use PrEP, implying that communication is key to PrEP awareness and uptake.

Awareness of Gender Based Violence Interventions by Women of Reproductive Age in Kibera Slums

Gender-based violence (GBV) is a major worldwide public health concern which is quite prevalent with domestic violence being voiced as the most common (WHO, 2020). According to WHO (2020), at least 1 in 3 women have experience physical or sexual violence. A study by NCRC (2020) showed cases of gender- based violence in Kenya reported between January and June, 2020 (that is 2,032) are way above the total numbers reported between January and December, 2019 (that is 1,057), representing 92.2% increase and confirming an escalation of incidents (NCRC, 2020). Kibera slum is not spared from GBV cases and other public health issues. A cross-section study was designed to determine the level of awareness of the available GBV interventions among women of reproductive age in Kibera slums and to determine the factors associated with awareness of available GBV interventions offered to women of reproductive age in Kibera slums, the second largest slums in Sub-Saharan Africa. The data was collected with a questionnaire from a sample of 390 interviewees. The findings showed that only 9 (2.3%) which is a small percentage had adequate awareness of the types of interventions that were available for GBV while 112 (28.7%) were not aware of any GBV interventions. The age, education level, occupation, affordability, accessibility, cultural factors, and acceptability of the services were the factors associated with the awareness of available GBV interventions. The study recommended the training of the public and private sectors on the importance of the GBV interventions so as to ensure that the survivors are attended to early enough to curb long- term consequences and that the perpetrators are punished for the vice and there is also a need to raise the women of Kibera slums from low socio-economic status which make them susceptible to and victims of GBV.

Association between intimate partner psychological violence and psychological distress among nurses: The role of personality traits and social support.

This study proposes investigating the risk and protective factors of intimate partner (IP) psychological violence and psychological distress to better promote psychological wellbeing for nurses and health outcomes for patients. A cross-sectional study. This cross-sectional study was carried out chiefly in Guangdong, Hunan, and Shaanxi provinces, in the east, central, and west of the Chinese economic areas, respectively. It was conducted in October 2021 using convenience sampling. A total of 843 nurses were eligible for the final analysis. Single-factor linear regression models were used to identify potential factors associated with IP psychological violence and psychological distress. In addition, the structural equation model was used to explore the role of personality traits and social support in the association between IP psychological violence and psychological distress. The predictors for the score of IP psychological violence among nurses were participants' married status, contact frequency with a partner, perceived past-year psychological and physical violence experience, the alcohol consumption of partners, and personality traits and social support of partners. Moreover, the alcohol consumption of participants, the past-year experience of IP psychological violence, the score of psychological violence, personality traits, social support, and the personality traits of partners were associated factors affecting the psychological distress of nurses. In the structural model, the personality trait of partners had a direct pathway to psychological violence and social support. The results demonstrated that psychological violence significantly increased psychological distress. Personality traits and social support are essential factors influencing the relationship between IP psychological violence and psychological distress. The findings of this study emphasize the possibility and importance of identification and intervention for reducing IP psychological violence based on personality traits and social support.

Prevalencia de experiencias adversas y victimización en personas adultas con trastorno mental grave en Barcelona

ObjectiveTo describe the extension of the adverse experiences, including victimization, lived in childhood and adulthood in a sample of people with severe mental illness residing in Barcelona, Spain. MethodDescriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional study. Adverse and victimization experiences were assessed using 26 items from the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE-IQ). Items were included obtain information regarding victimization during adulthood. Seventy-four people with severe mental illness were interviewed (median age: 42.03 years; standard deviation: 9.60). ResultsAll participants reported at least two victimization experiences throughout their lifetime. The most frequent experiences were conventional crimes (87.8%) and victimization by caregivers (86.5%). Before age 18, half of the participants reported having experienced physical violence by their caregivers (52.7%) and almost one out of three reported to have been victim of sexual abuse (32.4%). Women were almost 13 times more likely to experience sexual victimization than men throughout their lifetime (odds ratio: 12.75; 95% confidence interval: 4.19–38.71). ConclusionsVictimization experienced by people with severe mental illness is a widespread problem that has received little attention. The results of this study are consistent with those obtained in previous investigations and underscore the need to translate this knowledge into medical practice into medical practice, considering them in order to develop treatments with a comprehensive approach to mental health.