Experience Of Survival Research Articles

Усна історія Голодомору:специфіка наративу усноісторичних джерел

The goal of the research is to reveal peciliarities of Holodomor oral history sources through the prism of oral history theory and trauma studies. Methodology of the research is built on the principles of historicism, systematic and structural approaches in combination with the elements of such methods, as source heuristics, comparative, historical-chronological analysis; extrapolation, textological and terminological analysis. Scientific novelty is revealing of the peculiaritites of Holodomor oral history as a historical source basing on the analysis of oral history sources. Conclusions. The article suggests a set of signs of Holodomor oral history, established with the help of approahes, used in oral history theory in three angles. The first sign is tied with coexistence of two spheres «official history/personal narrative». The author concludes that taking into account pressure of the state, caused by the ideological factors, information pressure of the state became visible in 2000s, when a reasonable part of oral history testimonies had been already written; and politics of the state on ban of presence in public sphere of information about the famine had resulted into reverse reaction – rootenization of famine in individual memory. In the frames of block “time/memory” the article separates age and gender specificity. The author points that the earlier a testimony is separated, the more details and social life of a village can be received; about mostly children memories with their specificity (fragmentary, with fixation on smell-taste-colors). The article points at distinctions of female (emotional and family oriented) memories from male (try to define experience of survival of a community, with attempts to provide background of events). The majority of peculiarities is revelaed in the spheres of «trauma/recalling» – five: specific terminology («graze», «to die out», «kurkul», about food); emotionality that blocked the road as a historical source to academic studies and information field; frequent articulation or observation of high traumatism of seen and lived through during the famine; victims as almost exceptional authors of the narrative; unification of narrative that allows separation of factographic core and reflexive component of oral history source.

Abstract 4837: Perceived discrimination, medical mistrust, and their associations with ovarian cancer mortality among women in the African American Cancer Epidemiology Study

Abstract Background: There are pronounced racial disparities in ovarian cancer mortality wherein Black women are on average 30% more likely to succumb to their disease than White women. Factors that contribute to these disparities are complex and multifactorial. Racial discrimination is hypothesized to affect cancer health disparities through three distinct pathways including the impact on socioeconomic inequities, chronic stress, and restricted access to goods and services. In this study, we examined the role of perceived discrimination and medical mistrust on all-cause mortality among ovarian cancer patients. Methods: Using data from the African American Cancer Epidemiology Study (AACES), we included 592 ovarian cancer patients who self-identified as Black or African American and completed a telephone interview. Perceived discrimination was measured with a modified version of the 5-question Williams Everyday Discrimination scale. Medical mistrust was measured with the Trust in Physician scale (ranged 0-48 based on a combination of 12 questions). We used Cox proportional hazard models to compute hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associating perceived discrimination and medical mistrust with all-cause mortality, adjusting for age, stage, and histotype. Results: Nearly two-thirds of the cohort passed away by the end of follow-up (mean follow-up 5.5 years, ranging 0.5-12 years). We observed that 231 participants patients (39%) reported experiencing discrimination in at least one of the domains assessed. Reporting any experience of discrimination was associated with lower all-cause mortality (HR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.62, 0.97). In multivariable adjusted models, higher trust in physicians (above vs. below the median of 35) was associated with a decreased risk of mortality (HR=0.87, 95% CI: 0.70, 1.08). Conclusion: In our preliminary results, we observed an association between any experience of discrimination and better survival, and that a higher trust in physicians was associated with better survival. Further work on this project will try to understand the paradoxical association with perceived discrimination, and evaluate the associations of discrimination and medical mistrust with ovarian cancer treatment, leading to more insight into drivers of racial disparities in ovarian cancer mortality. Citation Format: Lindsay Jane Collin, Courtney Johnson, Maxwell Akonde, Mary Kan, Elisa V. Bandera, Lauren Peres, Anthony Alberg, Theresa Hastert, Joellen Schildkraut. Perceived discrimination, medical mistrust, and their associations with ovarian cancer mortality among women in the African American Cancer Epidemiology Study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 4837.

IDENTITY FORMATION OF THE CHILD MIGRANT IN MICHAEL ONDAATJE’S AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL NOVEL “THE CAT’S TABLE”

The current article examines the process of identity formation in the autobiographical novel “The Cat’s Table” by Michael Ondaatje, a Sri Lankan-born Canadian writer. The novel focuses on the childhood and youth stages, which are critical periods for transitioning into adulthood. The research aims to reconstruct the artistic depiction of the migrant character’s identity as they travel from East to West, taking into account the influence of location, environment, external factors, the experience of emigration and survival on the way to the formation of one’s own self. Research methods are subordinate to the aim of the study and tasks. The study employs literary analysis techniques such as close-reading, biographical and autobiographical analysis, narratology, postcolonial criticism, and identity studies. The objectives of the research include analyzing the novel’s poetics, thematic complexity, and genre specificity, examining the synthesis of autobiographical elements and motifs from postcolonial travel literature in relation to modern conceptualizations of identity, and exploring the processual nature of the identity formation of the author-narrator-migrant and the literary character-teen-migrant who exists in the “Third Space” according to H. Bhabha. The emigration of a child is seen as “rites of passage” proposed by Van Gennep, shared by the characters who have undergone international mobility in their early years. The article focuses on the transitional stage of identity acquisition by a child migrant, emphasizing that the writer draws from his own childhood experiences and attempts to convey his teenage identity crisis. The central character of the novel, an eleven-year-old boy, occurs on board a ship that travels from Sri Lanka, a colonized country, to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the largest colonial state in the world in the 20th century. The sea voyage and events on the Oronsay, the ocean liner depicted in the novel, are based on the author’s real memories and serve as a means to delve into the inner journey of the past and reconstruct childhood memories. The concept of “identity crisis”, as described by E. Erikson, is viewed not as a catastrophic event but as a pivotal moment of development that reflects the complexities of social identity and personal growth during the transitional age. The article concludes that the experience of migration during the formative years of personal identity, shared by the author and the characters, is crucial for the adaptation strategies of individuals undergoing resettlement and serves as a significant motif in postcolonial literature focused on the lives of migrants.

Real-world experience of IL-17Ai drug survival in a large cohort of axial spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis.

The aim was to assess the use and drug survival of IL-17Ai in a real-world cohort of axial SpA (axSpA) and PsA patients. Patients ever commenced on an IL-17Ai (secukinumab or ixekizumab) for axSpA or PsA at the Leeds Specialist Spondyloarthritis Service were identified. Demographics, IL-17Ai treatment length and reason for cessation were collected. Drug survival data were plotted as a Kaplan-Meier curve, with log rank test of median survival compared between axSpA and PsA. Cox regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between diagnosis and length of drug survival. In total, 228 patients (91 axSpA and 137 PsA) were exposed to IL-17Ai. Drug survival for all patients at 12 months was 69% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 63, 75%) and at 24 months 60% (95% CI 54, 67%). In axSpA and PsA, drug survival at 12 months was 63% (CI 54, 74%) and 73% (CI 66, 81%), respectively, and at 24 months it was 53% (CI 44, 65%) and 65% (CI 57, 75%), respectively. Median survival did not differ significantly between both diseases (log rank test 0.65). There was no association between diagnosis and survival (hazard ratio 0.92, 95% CI 0.63, 1.33), including when adjusting for age, previous biologic DMARD usage and sex (hazard ratio 0.89, 95% CI 0.61, 1.13). This is the first study, to our knowledge, to analyse and compare real-world IL-17Ai drug survival in patients with axSpA and PsA from a single centre. We demonstrate that there is no difference in IL-17Ai survival rates and no relationship between diagnosis and drug survival. These results contribute to the body of real-world evidence confirming the role of IL-17Ai in the management of axSpA and PsA.

‘Trapping my way up’: a corpus-assisted discourse analysis of Black Sherif’s songs

ABSTRACT Taking cognisance of the social and linguistic power of trap music and its song lyrics as crucial avenues for language use in society, this study set out to conduct a corpus-assisted discourse analysis of selected song lyrics of Black Sherif. The study synergised Wmatrix and a socio-cognitive approach to CDA to interpret the song lyrics. The analyses revealed three linguistic strategies: (a) pronouns; (b) Ghanaian Student Pidgin; and (c) metaphors in the song lyrics that served as a means of empowering the youth to survive and strive for success despite social and psychological aggressions in life. Also, the individualistic self-representation in the song lyrics included plural identities of people who share a common experience of struggle, pain, survival, and self-empowerment. Finally, the study highlighted crucial societal issues, such as economic hardship and social injustice, that may otherwise be overlooked or underrepresented in mainstream media or academia. Based on these findings, the study provides recommendations for practice and further research.

DESIGNING HORROR SURVIVAL MYSTERY GAME ”REMEMBER THE DAYS” COMBINING 2D AND 3D ELEMENTS.

“Remember The Days” is a survival horror single player game for Windows, that combines 2D and 3D elements with a pixelated and low poly art style. As a detective trapped in an old abandoned haunted house, players must solve puzzles, and be able to manage limited resources to survive and escape. The game’s immersive storytelling is told through environmental cues and artifacts, complemented by a haunting soundtrack and ambient sounds that add to the eerie atmosphere. This game will bring a spine-tingling horror experience of exploration, puzzle solving, and survival. The game will be develop using Unity Engine and C as the main programming language.

A biomythography introducing the Blafemme Healing framework.

Black feminism has so much to offer. Its philosophical, intellectual, and activist practice grounded in the experiences of Black women is a source of healing and liberation. Building on the Black feminist tradition, the current article introduces an intersectional and practical healing framework titled Blafemme Healing. The framework is designed to support individuals in exploring personal healing regardless of their social location while intentionally providing mechanisms for increasing the experience and outcome of wellness, equity, love, liberation, and survival for Black people. The framework includes eight areas, or chambers, that require people's attention if we are to achieve personal and collective wellness. The author, a Black queer cisgender woman pursuing personal and collective wellness and healing through and beyond the field of psychology, uses the biomythography method to introduce and describe Blafemme Healing. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Natural Resources. Cycle of substances in nature. Implementation of ecological education and formation of ecological culture in the studies of “Man and Nature” and “Chemistry and Environmental Protection”

Abstract Throughout a long historical period, the natural resources of the world have been managed by different human communities. Living within the boundaries of their own ecosystems forces people to develop a deep knowledge of managing their natural resources. Whether they and their children will survive directly depends on their behavior. People have given the land and natural resources a social and symbolic value that goes beyond their immediate use value. This symbolism is based on ecological principles and supports a system of ethical, social and economic rules that are adaptive. This means that these principles and rules help human communities prevent the overexploitation of natural resources, preserve their connections with the surrounding ecosystems, so that people can live within the limits imposed by the availability of resources and technology. Over the course of the last few generations, however, the world's diversity of cultures, along with their adaptations to local environmental conditions, has been rapidly disintegrating under the influence of a new, global culture characterized by extremely high levels of consumption. Economic growth based on fossil fuel energy led to the rapid development of industry and international trade, and improved lifestyles as well as advances in health care led to rapid growth in human population and consumption. As a consequence, the search for new ways of extracting resources, involving powerful machines and efficient technologies, which absorb the traditions of conservation of nature built by local human communities during their long historical experience of survival, is intensified. Mechanisms developed as adaptations to the environment over hundreds of years are rapidly breaking down as a result of globalization, thereby freeing humans from their traditional environmental constraints.

The Lived Experience of Serious Stroke Survival: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Case Study.

The Lived Experience of Serious Stroke Survival: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Case Study.

Year of sustainability, openness, and new roles: A Ukrainian university library in wartime

One year of russia’s full-scale military invasion of Ukraine to seize its territory and destroy the Ukrainian people as a nation, its language, culture, scientific achievements, and educational traditions have demonstrated the incredible adaptability of universities and their libraries. This paper aims to analyze the administrative aspect of the urgent adaptation of library teams of Ukrainian higher education institutions to martial law conditions in the example of the Scientific Library of the Ukrainian State University of Science and Technologies (USUST). The paper considers the experience of survival, resilience, and adaptation of the USUST library to the war, which can be extrapolated to other libraries of Ukrainian higher education institutions. In addition, the study comparatively analyzes quantitative indicators of five university libraries as of January 1, 2022, and January 1, 2023. The main vectors of library activity are distance, openness, unification, and improvement of the single information space. The primary motivating factors for librarians’ resilience and adaptation to wartime working conditions are belief in the Armed Forces and the victory of Ukraine. The study emphasizes the importance of university libraries’ support of open educational resources as one of the methods of overcoming the Ukrainian linguocide. Library directors in wartime, with predominantly female staff, note the impact of psychological factors on their professional activities. Despite the threatening trends, libraries continue to support educational and scientific processes in their universities, launching new directions of activity.

Life Years Lost in Children with Kidney Failure: A Binational Cohort Study with Multistate Probabilities of Death and Life Expectancy.

In children with kidney failure, little is known about their treatment trajectories or the effects of kidney failure on lifetime survival and years of life lost, which are arguably more relevant measures for children. In this population-based cohort study of 2013 children who developed kidney failure in Australia and New Zealand, most children were either transplanted after initiating dialysis (74%) or had a preemptive kidney transplant (14%). Life expectancy increased with older age at kidney failure, but more life years were spent on dialysis than with a functioning transplant. The expected (compared with the general population) number of life years lost ranged from 16 to 32 years, with female patients and those who developed kidney failure at a younger age experiencing the greatest loss of life years. Of the consequences of kidney failure in childhood, those rated as most important by children and their caregivers are its effects on long-term survival. From a life course perspective, little is known about the experience of kidney failure treatment or long-term survival. To determine expected years of life lost (YLL) and treatment trajectory for kidney failure in childhood, we conducted a population-based cohort study of all children aged 18 years or younger with treated kidney failure in Australia (1980-2019) and New Zealand (1988-2019).We used patient data from the CELESTIAL study, which linked the Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant registry with national death registers. We estimated standardized mortality ratios and used multistate modeling to understand treatment transitions and life expectancy. A total of 394 (20%) of 2013 individuals died over 30,082 person-years of follow-up (median follow-up, 13.1 years). Most children (74%) were transplanted after initiating dialysis; 14% (18% of male patients and 10% of female patients) underwent preemptive kidney transplantation. Excess deaths (compared with the general population) decreased dramatically from 1980 to 1999 (from 41 to 22 times expected) and declined more modestly (to 17 times expected) by 2019. Life expectancy increased with older age at kidney failure, but more life years were spent on dialysis than with a functioning transplant. The number of YLL ranged from 16 to 32 years, with the greatest loss among female patients and those who developed kidney failure at a younger age. Children with kidney failure lose a substantial number of their potential life years. Female patients and those who develop kidney failure at younger ages experience the greatest burden.

Disasters – Sociocultural Effects on the Quality of Life of Local Communities

This article presents an analysis of the impact of disasters on the quality of life of local communities. Its empirical basis is collected field material within the framework of a study conducted by the Institute for Еthnology and Folklore Studies with the Ethnographic Museum at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences as part of the project "Local Disasters and Quality of Life: Cultural Strategies in Overcoming Natural, Technological and Biological Catastrophes", funded from National Science Fund of the Ministry of Education and Science. The empirical data, on the basis of which the theoretical analysis is carried out, concern two natural disasters that occurred in Bulgaria - the earthquake in Pernik in 2012 and the flood in the Asparuhovo district in 2014. Research results show that the disaster affects, albeit to different degrees and in different ways, all components of the "quality of life" category, changing them at the moment or creating conditions for their later change. It has a powerful impact on the material and economic side of people's lives as the basis of their social well-being, which is entirely in a negative direction. Also negative is the impact of the disaster event on the affected person's physical and mental health, sense of security, tranquility, and mental balance. Unexpectedly, it turns out that disaster can also positively impact people's quality of life. This is most often in terms of their social connectedness and cohesion when the disaster event catalyzes social connections and support. Striving to restore the pre-disaster quality of life leads to social change that reflects the experience of survival through changes in local traditions and everyday life and the creation of new cultural memory and places of memory, thus building a new post-disaster model of social relations, accumulating gained experience and refracting it through the unique situation.

The Transformation of Chinese Cultural Images of the Plague through Chinese Characters, Legends and Folkways1

The human experience of survival from a plague is about distinguishing the sick from the healthy as quickly as possible, establishing a barrier to stop the infection, and protecting healthy people. Nevertheless, the various quarantine rules and the acceptance and compliance of the population are a kind of battle between policy implementers and the public. This paper tries to understand how Chinese cultural attitudes (Henderson, 1984) unconsciously influence the Chinese people to be most cooperative with the strict containment and quarantine measures to confront the COVID-19 pandemic. This article begins with the Chinese characters, exemplified by the four characters of disease and plague, to discuss how the pictograph nature and spatial structural way profoundly shaped the cultural mind. Then, through plague-related Chinese legends, stories and folklore, the paper sets out the Chinese cultural attitudes which are also manifested in the analogical associations between disease, plague and seasons, the balance of the five elements of the universe and ghosts, gods and the government bureaucrats in the Kingdom of the Heaven. All of these approaches are well in line with Jung's method of associative amplification as a way to locate the archetypal wisdom that assures survival.

The Lived Experience of Serious Stroke Survival: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Case Study.

The aim of this study was to describe the lived experiences of a serious stroke survivor. This is a hermeneutic phenomenological case study. Data were collected via observations and conversations during 75 visits, 14 brief audiotaped interviews, field notes, and conversations with family members, close friends, and care providers. Seven themes emerged that form the general structure of the lived experience of surviving a serious stroke. These themes were organized around four fundamental existential themes including space, time, body, and relationships. Spend intentional time with patients beyond the initial stroke rehabilitation period to better understand the experience, individualize care, identify meaningful activities previously engaged in, and identify people who may be willing to partner with them to continue participation in the meaningful activities. Hermeneutic phenomenology allows the essence of the stroke survival experience to be revealed and contributes to better understanding of the phenomenon.

ГЕНОЦИД І ПОСТПАМ’ЯТЬ У МЕДІАРЕАЛЬНОСТІ

<p><strong><em>The purpose of the study </em></strong><em>is to characterize the phenomenon of the formation of genocide by the tools of media reality creation and to reveal the peculiarities of the formation of the phenomenon of post-memory in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war.</em></p><p><strong><em>Research methodology. </em></strong><em>To study the phenomena of genocide and post-memory, methods of analysis and synthesis were used, and a survey was conducted of students who attended the course «Media content in the information society» (2021 and 2022) in order to reveal the knowledge of the young audience about genocides in world history. The expert interview method was used to reveal the dependence of propaganda tools such as hate speech and creating an image of the enemy, and actions aimed at discrimination and genocide. The method of interpretation is used to work with images of media reality.</em></p><p><strong><em>Results</em></strong><em>. The mass media are the creators of media reality and are responsible for creating the dominant ideas in totalitarian and near-totalitarian societies, when people’s right to choose and electoral laws replace manipulation and unfair elections. Creating the image of the enemy and hate speech are part of the media image of Ukrainians created in the Russian information space to justify the killing of Ukrainians, genocide. The experience of survival is related to social memory, however, when traumatic memories of experienced cruelty remain unreflected, postmemory takes their place. This term was formulated by M. Hirsch during his research on the Holocaust.</em></p><p><em>The article is devoted to issues of media instruments of genocide as a language of enmity, forming the image of the enemy. The work uses the results of a survey of the student audience, as well as student observations regarding media instruments for the formation of media reality in the context of genocide. Surveys show that the Holocaust is known to a wide audience as the most famous tragedy of the genocide of the Jewish people, but the understanding that similar tragedies happen in the world later and now is not formed. Various media projects should highlight this topic. For Ukraine, this is a period of awareness of the many negative consequences of human discrimination and awareness of the necessity and importance of European values. </em></p><p><strong><em>Novelty.</em></strong> <em>The formation of media reality demonstrates the conditioning of discriminatory media practices, the creation of an image of the enemy, propaganda myths with the actions of an aggressor who commits genocide. Such instruments of creating media reality as hate speech, creating an image of the enemy are also instruments for preparing and carrying out genocide. This condition is traced in the article.</em></p><p><strong><em>Practical significance. </em></strong><em>The results of the research can be used in the process of studying courses on communication, formation of media reality in the specialties «Journalism», «Advertising and Public Relations», «Information Business», media practitioners in matters of studying the instruments of media reality formation </em></p><p><strong><em>Key words: </em></strong><em>genocide, media reality, post-memory, mass media, anti-discriminatory practices, hate speech, image of the enemy, human rights.</em></p>

Reclaiming the Past in Caryl Phillips s Cambridge

Black-Atlantic writer Caryl Phillips portrays slavery as an experience of trauma, an experience of death and survival leading to the suppression of and the demand for an assertion of Black identity. The protagonist Cambridge is liberated and resold into plantation slavery; so, his life is sealed by the Middle Passage which drifts him from the shores of Guinea to the Caribbean of the 19th century. His passage represents Africans’ never-ending trauma of slavery that continued even after the trade became illegal. As a survivor, he feels responsible for the Blacks. By exploring Shoshana Felman’s “the burden of the witness,” this paper reads Cambridge as a neo-archival retelling of the history of slavery.

Review of Transgender Marxism edited by Jules Joanne Gleeson and Elle O’Rourke (Pluto Press)

'Transgender Marxism' is a provocative and groundbreaking union of trans studies and Marxist theory. Exploring trans lives and movements, the authors delve into the experience of trans survival and movement solidarity under capitalism. They explore the pressures, oppression, and state persecution faced by trans people living in capitalist societies, and their tenuous positions in the workplace and the home. The authors give a powerful response to right-wing scaremongering against “gender ideology.” Reflecting on the relations between gender and labor, these essays reveal the structure of antagonisms faced by gender non-conforming people within society. Looking at the history of trans movements, Marxist interventions into developmental theory, psychoanalysis, and workplace ethnography, the authors conclude that in order to achieve trans liberation, capitalism must be abolished.

Comparative studies on regeneration of different tissues of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst in vitro and analysis of genetic homogeneity by random DNA markers (RDMs)

The natural populations of Bacopa monnieri L., is severely affected by increased indiscriminate collection and overexploitation. There is a need to establish a micropropagation method that should perform effectively for commercial propagation and conservation. In this study, various physiological elements such as medium strength, carbon source (1% to 4%), concentration of agar (0.6%–0.9%), medium PH (5.4–6.0) was optimized for the high frequency regeneration of B. monnieri. Among different cytokinins tested, N6-benzyladenine (BA) was found to be better cytokinin over kinetin for shoot multiplication. The shoot cluster, when subcultured to its same medium, the multiplication rate of the shoot increase significantly by the end of the fifth subculture. The highest number of rooted shoots (10.75) was obtained with half-strength MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Among the experiments tested on different soil mixtures, the experience of higher survival of plants in sand, soil and compost (2:2:1) showed a condition survival rate of 87.7% in field conditions. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker analysis indicated a high level of uniformity between regenerated plants and together with the mother plant. This study provides important information about selection of suitable explants, micropropagation medium and strategies to improve mass multiplication of B. monnieri which offers a scope for commercial propagation.

The Culture of Community Life in the Context of National Identity

Modern processes of globalization present new challenges for different societies and cultures, as they relate to everyday relationships of people and change the way of life that has developed over the centuries. When living conditions change very slowly - over the course of dozens of generations, the reproduction of culture, which acts primarily as a system of prohibitions, is able to organize the life of each subsequent generation in the same way through norms, values and ideals inherited from the past, which may not change significantly, because the social environment hasn`t changed. But in the modern world, when radical changes take place already in the life of one generation, it is obvious that simple reproduction can no longer give the culture viability and duration. The article shows that rich and viable, first of all, is the culture that is able to adapt to the changing reality and offer alternative ways of organizing life. Alternative in this case are all mechanisms that allow groups of people (nations, ethnic groups), while maintaining their cultural identity, to express themselves and find their place in a changing reality. This experience of adaptation and survival was also historically acquired by the Armenian people, who, in the conditions of geographical fragmentation and deprived of the opportunity to unite into a single national state, were forced to organize their lives through autonomous cultural communities. The main task of cultural communities was mainly survival, not development, but thanks to this, members of the communities acquired such qualities as initiative, flexibility, awareness of belonging to “we” (family, community). This rich experience of Armenian culture is also the basis for the fact that in this case the culture takes birth to a nation-state, unlike many Western countries, where the nation-state purposefully creates and disseminates national culture - a common language, norms of behavior, narratives, values, etc.

The bridge above the steep: on the fate of spiritual heritage of the white émigré in modern Russia

The article is dedicates to the problem of spiritual continuity of generations, the solution of which allows extrapolating our future. It is claimed that the descendants of white émigré are a thin bridge across the historical rift that separates us from the prerevolutionary Russia, the objective markers that are not deformed by the “new incubatory ideology”. The author reveals the spiritual grounds of the life of the Eastern Russian diaspora in different historical periods based on communication with M. P. Taut, a former repatriate from Harbin, involving the documents from her personal archive, publications from journals and newspapers published by the descendants of white émigré at the present time. The key research principle lies in reference to the historical sources. It is substantiated that the restoration of intergenerational link prompts the progress in terms of preservation of the centuries-old values of the Russian civilization and openness to the technological modernization of the XXI century. The author believes that in the era of the oncoming Western globalism, which threatens the national identity and historical integrity of Russia, it is crucial to build the own path of development, adopting the experience of survival and spiritual heritage of the Russian world abroad. The conclusion is made on the need for active study of the documents from the personal archives of the descendants of repatriates, as they are the reservoir of life experience and the source of national self-cognition.