Experience Of Spousal Violence Research Articles

Domestic Violence against Women in India: Does Empowerment Matter?

Past research on domestic violence in India recurrently highlight women’s economic empowerment as a major deterrent to domestic violence. That said, this paper tries to understand what is the nature of relationship between women’s empowerment and their experience of spousal violence? In doing so, it specifically explores how this relationship is interceded by regional specificities. Based on an analysis of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-5 data in India, this paper observes that the relationship between women’s empowerment and domestic violence is contentious. However, women having some education and using mobile phones are less vulnerable. Hence, this study concludes that mobile phones and Internet-based applications as well as community-based interventions could be the effective measures to end domestic violence.

Prevalence of intimate partner violence against women and associated factors in Ethiopia

BackgroundViolence against women is a major public health problem that affects the physical, sexual, mental, and social wellbeing of more than one third of all women globally. Violence against women in Ethiopia is widely acknowledged to be of great concern from human rights, economic and health perspective. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women and associated factors in Ethiopia.MethodThe data was obtained from 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey which is the fourth survey conducted in Ethiopia as part of the worldwide project. The sample was selected using a stratified; two-stage cluster sampling design and the data was analyzed using logistic regression model.ResultA total of 4714 ever-married women in reproductive age who reported their experience of spousal violence were considered from nine regional states and two city administratives. Over 30% of study participants were subjected to IPV. Living in rural areas, divorced, primary and secondary education, 25–39 years old, being poor are found to be predictors of IPV against women in Ethiopia.ConclusionThe prevalence of IPV was found high in Ethiopia and government and any concerned bodies should design appropriate strategy and work hard to tackle the problem. There is a need of giving special attention for women living in rural area, women from poor family and 25–39 years old women to decrease the burden of IPV.

Perpetration and Experience of Spousal Violence Among Nigerian Women: An Analysis of the 2008 and 2013 NDHS.

Various socioeconomic and demographic factors have been known to be associated with spousal violence. The intimate partner violence (IPV) experiences of Nigerian women have been investigated from feminist and life course perspectives from previous studies. However, studies have also pointed to the complexities of victimhood with the presence of IPV perpetration. But there have been few studies on the impact of perpetration of violence on the experience of victimization, and this study seeks to address that gap in knowledge within the Nigerian context. It seeks to understand the dynamics of perpetration and the experience of spousal violence among Nigerian women across 2008 and 2013. The study analyzed the 2008 and 2013 Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) data. Using binary logistic regression, the study showed that the perpetration of violence is significantly associated with a woman's victimization experience, after controlling for socioeconomic, demographic, and abuse variables in 2008 and 2013. This study does not in any way minimize the victimization experiences of Nigerian women but simply seeks to provide data that add nuance to our understanding of spousal violence and the possible existence of bidirectional violence among Nigerian spouses.

Is Attitudinal Acceptance of Violence a Risk Factor? An Analysis of Domestic Violence Against Women in Pakistan.

Violence against women (VAW) is a grave problem in Pakistan, and women from all socioeconomic groups are vulnerable to domestic violence in varying degrees. It is argued that patriarchal definition of gender roles may reinforce the internalized inferiority of women. So, it may not be a mere coincidence that a large number of women in Pakistan justify VAW for various reasons. The objectives of this article are threefold: (a) to identify the drivers of VAW, (b) to see if women's attitudinal acceptance of violence is causally linked with observed violence against women, and (c) to see if attitudinal acceptance of violence mediates between the socioeconomic status of women and observed violence. We used data from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) 2012-13. The sample consisted of 3,265 ever married women aged between 15 and 49 years who were interviewed for domestic violence. We used multivariate logit regression analysis to identify the drivers of VAW and used the Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB) method for mediation analysis. We found that women's attitudinal acceptance of violence, their childhood experience of violence in their parental household, the education of both husband and wife, and some occupation types significantly predicted their experience of spousal violence. In addition, we found that women's attitudinal acceptance of violence mediated the relationships between socioeconomic factors (education and wealth status) and VAW. The significance of the study lies in the fact that it highlights the need to modify the perceptions of violence through change in educational policy. Among multiple other factors, an increase in the economic status of women is an effective hedge against the risk of spousal violence.

Spousal violence and receipt of skilled maternity care during and after pregnancy in Nepal

Objectivesa substantial number of Nepali women experience spousal violence, which affects their health in many ways, including during and after pregnancy. This study aimed to examine associations between women's experiences of spousal violence and their receipt of skilled maternity care, using two indicators: (1) receiving skilled maternity care across a continuum from pregnancy to the early postnatal period and (2) receiving any skilled maternity care in pregnancy, childbirth, or postpartum. Methodsdata were analysed for married women aged 15–49 from the 2011 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey. Data were included on women who completed an interview on spousal violence as part of the survey and had given birth within the five years preceding the survey (weighted n=1375). Logistic regression models were developed for analyses. Resultsthe proportion of women who received skilled maternity care across the pregnancy continuum and those who received any skilled maternity care was 24.1% and 53.7%, respectively. Logistic regression analyses showed that spousal violence was statistically significantly associated with receiving low levels of skilled maternity care, after adjusting for accessibility of health care. However, after controlling for women's sociodemographic backgrounds (age, number of children born, educational level, husband's education level, husband's occupation, region of residence, urban/rural residence, wealth index), these significant associations disappeared. Better-educated women, women whose husbands were professionals or skilled workers and women from well-off households were more likely to receive skilled maternity care either across the pregnancy continuum or at recommended points during or after pregnancy. Conclusionspousal violence and low uptake of skilled maternity care are deeply embedded in a society in which gender inequality prevails. Factors affecting the receipt of skilled maternity care are multidimensional; simply expanding geographical access to maternity services may not be sufficient to ensure that all women receive skilled maternity care.

Utilization of maternal and child health care services in North and South India: does spousal violence matter?

Spousal violence emerged as a major public health concern over the past few decades as its consequences on the health of victims are profound. Infliction of violence during pregnancy is even more detrimental as it might cause serious injuries to women and their unborn children. Violence during pregnancy can restrict access to proper health care and affect the health of mother and child. However, the role of spousal violence on utilization of pregnancy care services is not well explored in India where both fertility and spousal violence are high. In the present study, we used data of selected North and South Indian states from the National Family Health Survey (2005–2006) to examine the relationship between experience of spousal violence by young married women and utilization of maternal and child health care services. A marked regional variation was observed in MCH care utilization and levels of violence, where the South Indian states performed better than the North. Spousal violence was a significant factor determining MCH care use. Women who had experienced any form of physical/sexual violence were less likely to receive full ante natal care than non-abused women and the association was stronger in the South. Women experiencing any physical/sexual violence were also less likely to avail institutional delivery in the North. Emotional violence had similar constraining effects on MCH care use in the South. Integration of violence screening and counselling with MCH programs could be helpful to address the needs of abused pregnant women and provide essential care.

Exposure to intimate partner violence and repayment of microcredit: Evidence from field experiments in Bangladesh

Abstract This paper investigates the impact of intimate partner violence on poor women's repayment behavior in microcredit. In a laboratory-based field experiment, we extended collateral-free small loans to 485 currently married women in rural Bangladesh and observed their repayment decisions over multiple loan cycles. In a post-experiment survey, we asked subjects about their experience of spousal violence. We find that women who experienced physical or sexual violence in the last 12 months are more likely to strategically default on their loans relative to those who did not experience such violence. We conducted several robustness tests, and the results suggest that the negative correlation between victimization and loan repayment rates is unlikely to be explained by selection into victimization, non-random underreporting of violence, or the subjects’ attitude toward risk.

Spousal Violence in Southwest Nigeria: Prevalence and Correlates

Spousal violence is increasingly a health issue all over the world, especially in Africa where an unhealthy mix of tradition, inequality and ignorance aggravates the scourge. Despite numerous interventions from human right groups and NGO’s, the problem is still widespread. This study investigates the prevalence of two forms of spousal violencephysical and sexual violence and its correlation among the people of Southwest Nigeria. Data was collected from 300 ever married or cohabiting women through an interview method, and it was processed with SPSS to generate simple percentages and logistic regression estimates. The sample was selected through multistage stratified random sampling technique across all the states of Southwest Nigeria. Spousal violence was measured using a Shorthand and Modified Conflict Tactics Scale. The result indicated spousal violence prevalence rate of 47.3% for ever experience of spousal violence, and 32% for spousal violence prevalence in the 12months preceding the survey. The common forms of physical violence are: kicking/pushing- 31%, slapping-15.5% and arm twisting/throwing things at-14.1%; while the most common form of sexual violence is forced intercourse with 12.7% and 11.5% for ever experience and experience within the 12 months preceding the survey respectively. The experience of spousal violence varied substantially with number of living children, educational levels of women, union status and women’s attitude towards wife beating. The paper concluded that there is a need for massive girl child education and the enlistment of social, political, religious and other leaders in speaking out against spousal violence.

Early Modern Perspectives on the Long History of Domestic Violence: The Case of Seventeenth‐Century France

Few signifiers of the persistence of gender inequality are more potent than the evidence across many centuries of men beating their domestic partners. Yet the historicization of family conflict demands that we interrogate the specific and widely varied dynamics that shaped attitudes toward and experiences of spousal violence. Although a seventeenth-century woman was legally subject to her husband’s discipline, wives themselves as well as individuals and institutions in local communities publicly negotiated the parameters of that discipline. A twentieth-century woman living in a community that valorized romantic, companionate, and privatized ideals of marriage was, by contrast, isolated and wary of public acknowledgment of her status as a battered wife. This essay explores the matrix of early modern urban conjugal battery in seventeenth-century France to examine how and why individuals and communities defined the use of force between spouses as they did. Despite cliches about the early modern period’s acceptance of wife beating, attitudes toward domestic violence were complex. Certainly, men’s aggression toward their wives was naturalized to a degree, and women’s violence against their husbands was demonized.1 But, in practice, women as well as men, in courts and in communities, negotiated parameters for spousal behavior that defined husbands’ prerogatives in using force. What issues defined some men’s behavior

Wife battering: An exploration of the abuse of African women at two shelters in Johannesburg

Abstract This article reports on a research project which chronicles African women's experiences of spousal violence. Fourteen abused women from two shelters (NISSA Institute for Women Development and People Opposing Women Abuse) were interviewed in 1997. The history of the African society is one in which women have been. subjected to unspeakable cruelties. Until recently, women were considered first the properties of their fathers and after marriage, the objects of their husbands. Husbands could defile their property, let it run down, get rid of it, or take care of it. However they treated it, their decisions was theirs, and theirs alone. The purpose of the investigation was to traverse abused women's educational and employment statuses, find out about the development and nature of their relationships with men who abused them, and determine why they stay in such relationships. Findings indicate that battered women are indistinguishable from other women in terms of most demographic characteristics, socio-economic status, and occupation. Secondly, most experience abuse after marriage. Furthermore, most remain in such abusive relationships because they ‘love their husbands’.

Self-Reports of Spousal Violence in a Mexican-American and Non-Hispanic White Population

As part of a survey of Los Angeles households, 1,243 Mexican Americans and 1,149 non-Hispanic whites were surveyed about their experiences of spousal violence. Questions to assess violence included both perpetration (whether they had been physically violent toward a partner) and victimization (whether they had been the victim of sexual assault by a partner). Over one-fifth (21.2%) of the respondents indicated that they had, at one or more times in their lives, hit or thrown things at their current or former spouse or partner. Spousal violence rates for Mexican Americans born in Mexico and non-Hispanic whites born in the United States were nearly equivalent (20.0% and 21.6%, respectively); rates were highest for Mexican Americans born in the United States (30.9%). While overall rates of sexual assault were lower for Mexican Americans, one-third of the most recent incidents reported by Mexico-born Mexican-American women involved the husband and approximated rape.