Social Interaction Experience Research Articles

The influence of social pain experience on empathic neural responses: the moderating role of gender.

Empathy for pain, the ability to share and understand the pain of others, plays an important role in the survival and development of individuals. Previous studies have found that social pain experience affects empathy for pain, but potential gender differences have not been considered. The stage of information processing during which gender is most likely to play a moderating role has yet to be clarified. In the current study, we set up two groups (social pain experience priming: social exclusion group; positive social interaction experience priming: social inclusion group) with a Cyberball game paradigm. We recorded the electrophysiological responses when participants were completing an empathy task. An early frontal P2 and N2 differentiation between painful stimuli and neutral stimuli was observed and females showed larger P2 amplitudes than males. At the P3 stage, in the social exclusion group, males showed similar parietal P3 amplitudes for painful and neutral stimuli, while females showed smaller P3 amplitudes for painful stimuli. At the central-parietal late positive potential (LPP) stage, females in the social inclusion group showed larger LPP amplitudes for painful stimuli than males. Our results suggest that gender plays a significant moderating role in how social pain experience affects empathy for pain during the late cognitive processing stage. Experiment 2 was designed to investigate the cognitive mechanism behind the results for the P3 component in females and the results partially confirmed our speculation. This study provides a neurophysiological basis for the dynamic gender differences in the effects of social pain experience on empathy for pain.

ANALYSIS OF BÈMBÉ MUSIC OF OBÀFÈMI OWÓDÉ COMMUNITY, OGUN STATE SOUTH WEST NIGERIA

This paper examined the structural forms of Bèmbé music in Obàfèmi Owódé local government area of Abeokuta in Ògùn State. It also investigated the content and context of Bèmbé musical performance among the people with specific reference to rituals. The study equally examined the musical instruments used in Bèmbé musical performance and categorised them under the Sachs and Honbostel system of classification. The performances of the Arífáyò family band wererecorded and their songs randomly selected then subsequently analysed after the collection of relevant data from the field. Through detailed analysis, the study reveals salient elements of call and response with varied improvisations used in the music. It also established the multiple function of music performance in the context of social interaction and religious experience.

Food for Thought on Conducting Research Projects on Media Accessibility During the Covid-19 Pandemic and the New Normal

The following practice report is based on observational experiences of a project group running a research project on accessibility during the COVID-19 pandemic. The project aimed to provide accessibility using plain language in children’s programs on a public television channel. The project included three groups of end-users: Deaf, hard of hearing, and visually impaired children. An overview of the project is presented to provide background for the practice report. The second part of the report deals with changes encountered in the running of the project during the pandemic: compensating for the lack of interactivity, social interaction and collective experience; using video conferencing; monitoring research; at-home research spaces and technological availability; network availability and performance; dealing with home computers; communication load; workload and work-life balance. Some key concepts of actor-network theory are used to analyse new actors, networks and shifts encountered in the process of implementing the project in the “new normal” in comparison to its planned implementation pre-COVID-19. In conclusion, a summary of possible options is cited to provide food for thought in running such projects. Lay summary The following practice report is based on the observations of a group running a research project on accessibility for Deaf, Hard of Hearing and blind children to children’s programs during the Covid-19 pandemic. We aimed to provide accessibility using plain language (easy to understand and easy to follow language in subtitles, through sign language and audiodescription) in children’s’ programs on a public television channel. Initially, an overview of the project is presented to provide background, then the changes encountered in the running of the project due to the pandemic are studied. Some of the issues discussed are: How to compensate for the lack of interactivity and social interaction since there was no face-to-face interaction; using video conferencing, monitoring research; at home research spaces and technology availability; issues about network availability and performance; dealing with home computers; communication load, and workload. Some key concepts of the actor-network theory (ANT) are used to explain changes. ANT is concerned with exploring how networks come into existence, looking into which relations exist, how those relations are sustained, how actors come together to constitute and maintain a network and how networks maintain impermanent stability. In conclusion, a summary of possible options is cited to provide food for thought in running such projects.

SOCIAL ANXIETY AMONG STUDENTS DURING COVID-19: THE ROLE OF EARLY MALADAPTIVE SCHEMAS

The article focuses on social anxiety issues and predisposition to social anxiety disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic, namely the study of dysfunctional schemes as predictors of psycho-emotional distress and social dysfunction in terms of adaptation to new education requirements under quarantine restrictions. The relevance of the chosen topic is determined by the fact that the COVID-19 pandemic, appropriate quarantine restrictions, and changes in educational activity have become a significant challenge to maintain psychological well-being among students. Physical ("social") distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic can be expected to make it easier for people to avoid communication while providing short-term relief. On the other hand, there is strengthening by avoiding behavioral and cognitive strategies as meaningful. Social constraints, which allow more avoidance of social judgment, also mask persistent functional impairments associated with pre-existing levels of social anxiety. The analysis's emphasis is on expectations of negative social evaluation, denial of one's own needs, and uncertainty about the future in the context of distance learning may increase vulnerability to social anxiety disorder upon completion of quarantine restrictions and the need to return to everyday life. The author summarizes that analysis of the psycho-emotional discomfort associated with social anxiety among students during the pandemic related to the intensity of early maladaptive schemas. The performed study has expanded understanding of the mechanisms of vulnerability to psychosocial dysfunction in this group. The literature review proposed in the article and the results obtained may interest mental health practitioners. They may help develop education activities in distance learning settings during a pandemic and psychological support activities for students focused on correcting negative social interaction experiences and limited autonomy.

ПРАВОВЕ ВИХОВАННЯ ОСОБИСТОСТІ В УМОВАХ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ТА РОЗВИТКУ УКРАЇНИ ЯК ПРАВОВОЇ ДЕРЖАВИ

  The issue of legal education is of great importance in modern conditions of creation of the rule of law and democratic society. The article analyzes the views of foreign and domestic scientists on this issue. It is emphasized that there is a need to create an educational space as one of the conditions for the education of primary school children of legal competence at a new level of higher quality. Of particular importance in this matter is the task of preparing children for such an educational process in which the acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities in legal education would become a means of developing cognitive activity of schoolchildren. The development of the humanistic system at school is an important factor in the moral and legal education of schoolchildren, and the creation of an educational space based on a hermeneutic approach is extremely important. It is believed that the education of legal competencies, legal norms, legal ideas, etc. call more attention to the education of a set of generally accepted norms, principles and rules governing human behavior, and form the basis of moral education. It is proved that legal education can give positive results only if its organization takes into account not only the age characteristics of primary school children, but also carries it out differently, i.e. taking into account the real state of legal awareness and behavior of children, and ideas about legal relations and generalization   of experience of social and legal interaction.

Daily-Life Social Experiences as a Potential Mediator of the Relationship Between Parenting and Psychopathology in Adolescence.

Adolescence is a vulnerable period for psychopathology development, and certain parenting styles are consistent and robust predictors of a broad range of mental health outcomes. The mechanisms through which maladaptive parenting styles affect the development of psychopathology are assumed to be largely social in nature. Yet, the social mechanisms linking parenting to psychopathology are unexplored at arguably the most important level of functioning: daily life. This study aims to identify the associations between three parenting styles, and the experience of daily-life social interactions. Furthermore, we aim to explore the extent to which these parenting styles and altered daily-life social experiences are associated with psychopathology. In this study, we recruited a sample of N = 1,913 adolescents (63.3% girls; mean age = 13.7, age range = 11 to 20) as part of the first wave of the longitudinal cohort study “SIGMA”. Parenting styles (psychological control, responsiveness, and autonomy support) and psychopathology symptoms were assessed using a retrospective questionnaire battery. The experienced quality of social interactions in different types of company was assessed using the experience sampling method, ten times per day for 6 days. Direct associations between parenting styles and general quality of daily-life social experiences were tested using a three-level linear model, revealing significant associations between social experiences and different parenting styles. When interaction effects were added to this model, we found that maternal responsiveness and paternal psychological control mainly related to altered qualities of social interactions with parents, while paternal autonomy support was associated with better experiences of non-family social interactions. Finally, an exploratory path analysis highlighted how both paternal autonomy support and altered quality of non-family interactions are uniquely associated with psychopathology levels. These findings demonstrate the general and pervasive effects of maladaptive parenting styles, as parenting seems to broadly affect adolescents' interactions with different types of social partners in everyday life. Moreover, they illustrate a potential mediated relationship in which altered daily-life social interactions could drive the development of psychopathology. A stronger focus may be required on the role of altered day-to-day social experiences in the prevention and potentially, the treatment, of adolescent psychopathology.

Social interoception functions and the global body data market

The body-oriented approach in the philosophy of cognitive sciences is gaining in importance in the conditions of the formation of new high-tech contexts. The problem of interoception and integration of bodily data into socio-economic processes requires a comprehensive analysis and ethical assessment. This article examines the conceptual foundations of the body-oriented approach and its impact on the essence of cognitive processes. The main advantages and disadvantages of this approach are presented. We consider the methodological conflict zones of the bodily paradigm and traditional methodological attitudes of the cognitive sciences. The system ofinteroceptive sensations is a special «layer» of bodily experience. The social functions of interoceptive sensations are an interdisciplinary research area that focuses on the mechanisms of interaction between the private content of bodily experience and systems of social interaction. The regularity between interoceptive sensations and human behavioral patterns reflects the importance of examining bodily data. Today, the market for bodily data is just beginning to form, but at the same time it is already playing an important role in global digital transformation processes. A multitude of applications and wearable digital devices that track bodily activity and generate gigantic amounts of data are used today by millions of people around the world. The identification of bodily activity leads to the emergence of new forms of interaction between a person and socio-institutional systems, the specific properties of which are also considered in this article.

Covariation of psychobiological stress regulation with valence and quantity of social interactions in everyday life: disentangling intra- and interindividual sources of variation

While the overall effects of social relationships on stress and health have extensively been described, it remains unclear how the experience of social interactions covaries with the activity of psychobiological stress in everyday life. We hypothesized that the valence as well as quantitative characteristics of social interactions in everyday life would attenuate psychobiological stress. Sixty healthy participants provided data for the analyses. Using an ecological momentary assessment design, participants received 6 prompts on their smartphone for 4 days. At each prompt, they reported on social interactions since the last prompt (any occurrence, frequency, duration, quality, and perceived social support), current subjective stress, and provided one saliva sample for the analyses of cortisol (sCort) and alpha-amylase (sAA). Experiencing any contact within days as well as higher daily levels of contact quality and perceived social support were associated with reduced levels of sCort. Furthermore, on a daily level, experiencing at least one contact in-between prompts more often as well as having more contacts on average attenuated the sAA output. Perceived social support and contact quality as well as higher daily contact durations were associated with lower subjective stress. For sCort, daily levels of stress moderated the effects of experiencing any contact within days while daily perceived social support moderated the effects of subjective stress. For sAA, experiencing at least one contact in-between prompts more often on a daily level moderated the effects of subjective stress. There were no between-person effects throughout all analyses. The results show ecologically valid evidence for direct attenuating effects of social interactions on psychobiological stress as well as for the stress-buffering hypothesis in everyday life. Increasing the quantity and improving the valence of social interactions on an intrapersonal level can possibly reduce psychobiological stress and prevent its consequences.

Understanding Tourist Citizenship Behavioral Intentions: The Role of Social Interactions and Brand Perceptions

ABSTRACT This study integrates tourists’ social interaction quality and experience with a casino brand to examine changes of tourist citizenship behavioral intentions between pre- and post-casino trips. A two-stage sampling method was deployed with data driven in the casino industry: a random sampling approach to select casino properties followed by a quota sampling approach to respondent selection. It advances the casino tourism literature by delineating that brand experience and attachment partially mediate the relationships leading from a triadic social interaction process to changes in casino tourists’ citizenship behavioral intentions. Moreover, branded casinos relish a greater change in such intentions, as casino tourists may feel the urge to reciprocate the tourist resources geared toward them and associate themselves with these brands.

The impact of different responses to negative body talk on body satisfaction, shame, and future negative body talk likelihood: A UK sample

A recent online experiment found that, following a negative body talk induction task, receiving a response of ignoring the comment, compared with reassuring, reciprocating, and challenging, led to worse body satisfaction and socio-emotional outcomes for Australian women. The current online study aimed to replicate and extend this study by examining the effects of these four negative body talk responses on body satisfaction, shame, and future negative body talk likelihood in UK-based women. Participants (N = 156, Mage = 25.29, SDage = 5.64, rangeage = 18–40) recalled a scenario in which they engaged in negative body talk and were randomly assigned to receive one of four responses. Contrary to hypotheses, there were no significant differences in body satisfaction, shame, or future negative body talk likelihood across the four groups. Preferred negative body talk response data were mixed, with challenge and reassurance responses preferred at comparable rates, and just under a quarter of participants preferring a response outside of the original four. Possible explanations, including that the responses used in the original Australasian study may not perfectly correspond with UK women’s experiences of social interactions and heterogeneous motivations for engaging in negative body talk necessitate more nuanced and sophisticated responses, are explored.

Hard of Hearing Adults’ Interpersonal Interactions and Relationships in Daily Life

Globally, there is limited research on how deaf and hard of hearing adults experience higher education and work. The purpose of the present study is to examine hard of hearing (HH) adults’ experiences of social interactions and social relationships in higher education, the workplace and leisure time. Data were obtained from semistructured interviews with 16 individuals (aged 24–31 years) from diverse cultural backgrounds (10 males and 6 females) with severe-to-profound hearing loss. Participants were selected based on previous expressed interest in participating in further studies after having been involved in an earlier study. The interviews were subjected to a qualitative thematic data analysis. According to the results, people with a hearing loss experience communication barrier in higher education, at work and in leisure time. These communication barriers lead to difficulties achieving social inclusion, and in some circumstances to social exclusion. Assistive technology (AT) and information and communication technologies (ICT) were important facilitators of moving from social exclusion towards social inclusion.

Ценностно-смысловая матрица опыта социального взаимодействия будущего специалиста гуманитарной сферы

Ценностно-смысловая матрица опыта социального взаимодействия будущего специалиста гуманитарной сферы

Detached empathic experience of others’ pain in remitted states of depression – An fMRI study

BackgroundMajor depressive disorder is strongly associated with impairments and difficulties in social interactions. Deficits in empathy, a vital skill for social interactions, have been identified as a risk factor for relapse. However, research on empathy in remitted states of depression is scarce. We chose a social neuroscience approach to investigate potentially altered neural processes involved in sub-components of empathy in remitted states of depression. We expected aberrations in cognitive components of empathy, based on previous reports regarding their role as risk factors for relapse. MethodsEmploying functional magnetic resonance imaging and a pain empathy task (video clips of painful medical treatments), we compared behavioral and neural empathic responses of unmedicated remitted depressive patients (N = 32) to those of untreated acutely depressed patients (N = 29) and healthy controls (N = 35). Self-report ratings of pain evaluation and affect-sharing were obtained. ResultsCompared to controls and acutely depressed patients, remitted depressive patients reported higher pain evaluation and showed increased activity in the right temporo-parietal junction. This region, which is central to self-other distinction and which has been linked to adopting a detached perspective, also exhibited reduced connectivity to the anterior insula. Furthermore, we observed reduced activity in regions involved in emotion processing (amygdala) and perception of affective facial expressions (fusiform face area, posterior superior temporal sulcus). ConclusionsRemitted states of depression are associated with a detached empathic style in response to others’ pain, characterized by increased self-other distinction, lowered affective processing, and reduced connectivity between empathy-related brain regions. Although this may prevent emotional harm in specific situations, it may reduce opportunities for positive experiences in social interactions in the long run.

Social Acts and Anticipation of Social Feedback.

Socialization happens so regularly in humans that it can be perceived as an effortless activity. However, it reflects a sophisticated behavior, pervaded by anticipation and emotion. The fast-paced social interplay, strongly mediated by facial expressions, can be considered one of the most frequent high-order motor acts within the human behavioral repertoire. The ability to adequately process social feedback is critical for appropriate socialization and affects well-being. The social difficulties often observed in psychiatric patients highlight the link between mental health and successful socialization and the importance of characterizing the behavioral and neural mechanisms of social interaction. This chapter will present some cross-species evidence on the cortical regions engaged during social interactions including facial expressions, and the impact of induced or perceived social stress on the experience of social interactions.

Foreword - Technology, Creative Industry and the Great Empire of Imaginariness

There seems to be a certain consensus among the scientific and medical community that Covid-19 is becoming less of a pandemic and more of an endemic disease. In this sense, we’ll have to be able to adjust our lives taking into consideration the coexistence with the virus until it is possible to normalize its negative impact following a prophylactic approach in a medium to long-term basis, recurring to vaccines and other antiviral medication that are gradually at our disposal. However, as a result of Covid-19’s impact, many personal and professional routines have changed, in some cases quite substantially. One of the most (negatively) affected activities are precisely the ones of the cultural and creative industry worldwide. This is due, in part, to the fact that its foundations and reason of being depend on social and physical interaction: entertaining, informing, inform, socializing and experiencing. Social interaction is one of the most important bases of Creative and Cultural Industries, and it has been strongly constrained by the pandemic – or endemic disease – we are going through at this moment in history. However, technology seems to be a greater protagonist having a constant presence in our lives today, namely when it comes to new ways – or attempts – of social interaction and new experiences in the virtual world.

Student's perspective on distance learning during COVID-19 pandemic: A case study of Western Michigan University, United States

As the distance learning process has become more prevalent in the USA due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to understand students’ experiences, perspectives, and preferences. Our study's purpose is to reveal students’ perspectives and preferences on distance learning due to the dramatic change that happened in the education process. Western Michigan University is used as the case study to achieve that purpose. Participants completed an online survey that investigated two measures: distance learning and instructional methods with a set of scales associated with each. Students reported negative experiences of distance learning such as lack of social interaction and positive experiences such as time and location flexibility. These findings may help WMU and higher educational institutions to improve distance learning education.

«Цифровое слабоумие» молодежи как проблема современного образования

We consider the issues on the causes of the decline in the intellectual abilities of modern youth. We describe the correlation of this phenomenon with the wide-spreading and starting from an early age use of various kinds of digital devices. We briefly note the origin history of the term “digital dementia” and the author's position regarding this term perception. We describe a number of factors that contribute to the decline in the intellectual development of young people, including: a decrease in the quality of secondary education, deterioration of preschool training of children, simplification of animation and film production, reduction of communication time between parents and children, lack of funds for parents to organize high-quality regular leisure time for children. Negative effects on the intellectual abilities of a young person are described: digital devices can form only a fragmentary idea of reality, without forming a complete idea of a real object; a full-fledged experience of social interaction is not acquired; memory deterioration occurs; there is an appearance of mental dependence on digital devices. Examples from the author's pedagogical practice are given, confirming the manifestation of the effects of “digital dementia” among students: memory impairment in students, undeveloped critical thinking, poorly developed speech (terminologically poor, inconsistent, unsubstantiated), demonstration of misunderstanding of the meaning of the heard or read text.

دور وسائل التعبیر لطریقة خدمة الجماعة فی تنمیة الخبرات الإجتماعیة لدی الشباب

دور وسائل التعبیر لطریقة خدمة الجماعة فی تنمیة الخبرات الإجتماعیة لدی الشباب

Особенности отношений с преподавателями у студентов с ограниченными возможностями здоровья и инвалидностью при получении высшего образования

The article deals with the peculiarities of relations with teachers among students with preserved health and students with disabilities. It is assumed that students with disabilities and students with preserved health have specific features in their relationships with teachers. Sample: 167 students, 98 of them – with good health and 67-with disabilities (hearing, vision, etc.). The study was conducted on the basis of the RSSAI with students of all faculties (theater, music, fine arts). Methodology: the author's questionnaire on the study of various aspects of the attitude to education (professional plans, socio-psychological well-being, motivation of training, attitude to the content of education, socio-psychological relations within the university with teachers and other students, value orientations in the field of art culture, etc.). It is shown that when there are conflicts with teachers, students with preserved health do not transfer them to the attitude to the academic subject, while students with disabilities conflict with the teacher provokes a negative attitude to the course. It was revealed that among students with disabilities, almost one in ten believes that problems in understanding the educational material are due to the peculiarities of their health, with age the share of such responses increases. It was found that among students with disabilities a higher proportion of those who seek informal communication with teachers, which confirms the importance of higher education as an institution of socialization and a source of experience of social interaction.

Вербування та експлуатація дівчат під час збройних конфліктів (досвід Донбасу)

Метою статті є вивчення проблеми залучення дітей до участі у військових конфліктах та аналіз досвіду Донбасу в питанні вербування дівчат до незаконних збройних формувань та опосередкованої їх участі (експлуатації військовими) у поза бойовому житті. Оскільки дана проблема недостатньо досліджена автором було зроблено спробу аналізу добровільних та примусових форм вербовки дівчат, а також ролі в цьому пропаганди в ЗМІ, соціальних та Інтернет мереж, а також вчителів загальноосвітніх шкіл і безпосередньо батьків. Окремо проведено аналіз факторів, що сприяють залученню дівчат, як специфічної гендерної групи, до участі в діяльності незаконних збройних формувань. Особливу увагу приділено висвітленню факторів соціального відчуження та тяжіння в рамках негативної взаємодії, а також вивченню особистісних та групових мотивів приєднання дівчат до незаконних збройних угрупуваннях. Окремо було досліджено роль віртуальної взаємодії в процесі вербування.