Experimental Project Research Articles

Tobacco smoking and early onset cataracts

Background and Hypothesis:Cataracts are among the leading causes of blindness in the world. Smoking tobacco has been linked to cataract formation in old age. However, its linkage in causing an earlier onset is much more questionable. Assessing this linkage can help identify risk factors and help understand the causes and pathogenesis in development of cataracts over time. This can help direct modifiable risk factors in patients to prevent early deterioration in health, finance, physical capabilities, and overall comfort. It is hypothesized that history and intensity of smoking tobacco correlates with earlier onset cataracts.
 Experimental Design or Project Methods:Patient data of patients aged 40-65 were gathered from the last two years of cataract surgeries from Deen-Gross Eye Centers EMR (n=718). Age at date of surgery was used as observed value for determining earlier onset, and pre-operation charts were used to collect patient data on smoking status (light, someday, every day, heavy, former, never), age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, number of eyes operated on, family history (cataracts/glaucoma), and glaucoma. Statistical analysis was performed among the gathered data.
 Results:Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in the ages of cataract surgeries between smokers and non-smokers. Controlling for non-hypertensive and non-diabetic patients revealed a similar result. There was no significant difference in smoking status between ages 40-55 and ages 56-65 who underwent surgery. There was no significant difference in age of surgery among each of the individual types of smokers.
 Conclusion:No significant associations were found. This calls for further research to better understand the linkage between tobacco smoking and cataracts, as well as the pathogenesis of earlier onset cataracts. No modifications in directing patient care can be made yet.

The Effects of Extracellular Matrix Allograft Administration on Knee Inflammation Following an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Mice

Background and Hypothesis:A human placental-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) allograft has previously been developed and is indicated by the manufacturer for reducing tissue inflammation and accelerated repair. To evaluate the efficacy of this product for reducing post-anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury inflammation, we used a novel murine in vivo ACL injury model. This model has previously been shown to induce significant synovitis, infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) fibrosis, and articular cartilage (AC) degradation within 2 weeks following an ACL injury. We hypothesized that intra-articular injections of the allograft would correspond with a decrease in synovitis, fibrosis, and articular cartilage degradation.
 Experimental Design or Project Methods:Ten-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly placed into 4 groups (n=10/group). For all mice, the right ACL was ruptured. One group served as sham controls, with a single intra-articular saline injection 24-hours following injury. The remaining three groups received 1, 2, and 6 allograft injections respectively beginning 24-hours after injury. Mice were euthanized 14 days after injury. Following euthanasia, the degree of IFP fibrosis, knee synovitis, and AC degradation were histopathologically evaluated.
 Results:Thus far, 5 mice per group have been analyzed. Within this subset of mice, those that received 6 injections demonstrated a significantly higher synovitis score (p < 0.01) than the sham group. The 1-injection (p < 0.01), 2-injection (p = 0.16), and 6-injection (p = 0.03) groups each displayed greater IFP fibrosis, relative to sham. No significant differences were found in AC degeneration across groups.
 Conclusion and Potential Impact:If the current results hold, following the analyses of the remaining mice, then this particular orthobiologic may not be suitable for reducing the post-ACL injury inflammatory response in mice. However, there are several limitations to this pilot study that will first need to be accounted for to confirm the lack of efficacy found.

Evaluation of the Relationship Between Collagen Matrix Damage and Proteoglycan Activity Following Submaximal Fatigue Loading

Background and Hypothesis:Previous research indicated that fatigue loading of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) leads to disruption and unraveling of the collagen triple helix structure. Using a novel in vivo murine model, we have spectroscopically shown that collagen unraveling at the molecular level is associated with an increase in proteoglycan activity. Moreover, we found an increase in tissue compliance within these damaged tissue domains. We hypothesize that the increase in proteoglycan activity is largely responsible for this mechanical change. To investigate this, we first need to identify the proteoglycan(s) responsible for our biochemical spectra that indicatedan elevation in activity associated with unraveled collagen domains. For this pilot project, we histomorphometrically investigated the proteoglycan activity of two potential protein candidates (decorin, versican) following sub-maximal ACL fatigue loading.
 Experimental Design or Project Methods:The right knees of 20 mice underwent 5,000 cycles of moderate or strenuous fatigue loading. Left knees served as a control. Samples were collected 1 and 72 hours after loading. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect decorin and versican activity in the ACLs.
 Results:A greater area of the ACL was stained with decorin relative to versican in ACLs that underwent moderate fatiguing after 1-hour rest (p = 0.02) and 72-hour rest (p < 0.01). Similar differences were found in ACLs after strenuous fatiguing and 72-hour rest (p < 0.01). No significant temporal differences were found in versican (p = 0.76) or decorin (p = 0.53) activity in fatigued ACLs relative to controls.
 Conclusion and Potential Impact:These preliminary findings suggest that versican nor decorin are the proteoglycans colocalizing with unraveled collagen. We are currently investigating aggrecan, lumican, and biglycan as other potential proteoglycan candidates to explain our spectroscopic data.

A Comparison of the Effectiveness Between Trabeculectomy and Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgeries

Background and Hypothesis: Glaucoma affects 3 million Americans and is the second most common cause of blindness globally, after cataracts. It involves the degeneration of the optic nerve, often associated with increased eye pressure, leading to vision loss. Trabeculectomy was traditionally the standard surgical approach for managing glaucoma progression once medication and laser had failed. Recently, minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGS) have gained FDA approval for mild and moderate cases and are being implemented in practice. We hypothesize that MIGS procedures are just as effective as trabeculectomy in mild, moderate, and severe cases of glaucoma.
 Experimental Design or Project Methods: Using data from IU Health, patients that underwent either a MIGS procedure or a trabeculectomy for open-angle glaucoma at least a year ago were identified. Visual field data was used to stage their glaucoma. Any future glaucoma surgery was noted. Using this information, three separate Kaplan-Meier curves at 95% confidence intervals were created corresponding to each stage of glaucoma with a second surgery defined as a failure and a survival analysis was done to visualize the difference between these surgical approaches.
 Results: The sample included 119 patients and 179 eyes with a mean age of 80 and 57% females. The study had 80% power at a two-sided 5% significance level. Based on the survival analysis, there were no significant differences between trabeculectomy and MIGS in mild and moderate glaucoma (p=0.69 and 0.97 respectively). In severe glaucoma, MIGS had a lower failure rate compared to trabeculectomy (p=0.026).
 Conclusion and Potential Impact: The research comparing trabeculectomy to MIGS is still relatively new and this study shows the safety and efficacy of MIGS procedures. If confirmed, this study could potentially change the standard of care to MIGS for all stages of open-angle glaucoma.

Factors Associated with Fetal Growth in Pregnancies Complicated by Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background and Hypothesis:The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is increasing, and it is associated with an increased risk for adverse perinatal outcomes. Fetal overgrowth is associated with an increased risk for obesity and diabetes in offspring of individuals with type 2 diabetes, and we sought to identify factors associated with excess fetal growth in pregnant individuals with T2DM.
 Experimental Design or Project Methods:This was a retrospective cohort study of 350 pregnant individuals with T2DM who delivered at IU Health Hospitals or Eskenazi Hospital from January 1, 2019-December 31,2021. We excluded pregnancies complicated by twin gestation or stillbirth. Maternal demographic data and perinatal outcomes were abstracted from the electronic medical record. Birth weights were classified as small for gestational age (SGA; <10th percentile), appropriate for gestational age (AGA; 10-90th percentile), and large for gestational age (LGA; >90th percentile) using a US birth weight standard. Maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes were compared across the 3 categories using ANOVA and chi squared statistic. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with birth weight category.
 Results:LGA birth weight occurred in 95 (27%) and SGA birth occurred in 32 (9%) of pregnancies. After adjusting for covariates, HbA1c after 20 weeks’ gestation was significantly associated with risk for SGA birth weight (aOR 0.4, 95% CI 0.19-0.94) and LGA birth weight (aOR 1.47, 95% CI 1.10-1.96). Individuals requiring treatment with both insulin and oral agents at the first prenatal visit were at increased risk for LGA birth weight (aOR 4.49, 95% CI 1.43-14.10).
 Conclusion and Potential Impact:Our findings highlight the important relationship between glycemic control in the second half of pregnancy and fetal growth. Additional research is needed to optimize glycemic control in pregnant individuals with T2DM.

An experiential service-learning project on oral health examination and education

BackgroundIt has been demonstrated that experiential service-learning is effective in fields including public health and medicine. Preventive Dentistry is a practical course, and Oral Health Examination and Education is a topic that is suitable for teaching with experiential service-learning. This study describes an example of experiential service-learning in Preventive Dentistry named “Oral Health Examination and Education Project” and also evaluates its effectiveness among dental students.MethodsA total of 108 dental students in their fourth year participated in this project in 2022. The project was composed of six sections: theoretical teaching, field investigation, data collection and analysis, investigation report writing and creating oral health education materials, oral health education and students’ evaluation of the project.ResultsDuring this project, students learned how to perform surveys related to oral health, wrote an investigation report, created oral health education materials, and provided oral health education for children. Students were demonstrated an improvement in their academic performance for theoretical knowledge related to Oral Health Examination and Education in comparison with the students in the previous year. Over 90% of students expressed their preference for the learning method of experiential service and believed that it helped them to better understand the course material. They also recommended this teaching method for future classes.ConclusionsThis study indicated that an experiential service-learning approach within this scope was highly beneficial to students because it provided them with the opportunity to understand the practical application of their coursework and obtain valuable experience in the field. This research suggests that oral epidemiology instructors in dental and oral public health programs should pay more attention to incorporate similar experiential projects into their curriculum with the aim of better preparing students for careers in oral public health.

Fast Simulation for the Super Charm-Tau Factory Detector

The Super Charm-Tau factory (high luminosity electron-positron collider with 3–7 GeV center of mass energy range) experiment project is under development by the consortium of Russian scientific and education organizations. The article describes the present status of the Super Charm-Tau detector fast simulation and the algorithms on which it is based, example usage and demonstration of fast simulation results.

‘The power to SAY what I want to and it gets written down’: Situating children's and adults' voices and silence in participatory research

AbstractThis paper, co‐authored between three adults and five children aged 8–11, adopts a ‘collaborative writing as inquiry’ approach to examine and discuss the authors' experiences of a participatory research project through the lens of critical dialectical pluralism. In the original project, children formed two ‘young advisory panels’, one online, comprising children from all over England, and one in a primary school in a suburban area in North England, informing and collaborating on the creation of 45 educational activities supporting critical digital literacy. Rather than focusing on the original research itself, the paper focuses on making a methodological contribution, through detailed and collaborative reflections on notions such as agency, power and control. Over a period of four 60 to 90 min‐long meetings once the actual research was completed, adult and child authors considered their respective roles in the project, as well as detailing their understanding of the project as a whole. In co‐framing our perceptions of participatory research, we problematise adult anxieties and highlight the importance of exploring ‘silence as voice’, arguing for an extension to participatory research projects, going beyond the research itself and creating a ‘third space’ which is un/familiar to all participants, openly inviting engagement with discomfort and normalising uncertainty.

ОПЫТ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПРОЕКТОМ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ В ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКОЙ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННОЙ КОМПАНИИ

The article presents key results of practical research: experience of management of digital transformation projects of business processes in pharmaceutical production company. The methodology of the study includes such tools as case-study, content and situational analysis, observation and expert assessment. On the example of the digitalization project of dietary supplement labeling, a design specificity has been identified, which can be taken into account by other pharmaceutical manufacturers in the implementation of digitalization of marking projects. Conclusions about significant role of digitalization projects in development of the company are made. The analyzed factors influencing the success of the project are externally and internally specific. The identified features of project implementation could be taken into account for subsequent replication of project experience, its integration into the intellectual capital elements of the organization. The accumulated project experience of the company reflects its potential in business transformation, supporting strategic growth of the company.

A Review of IoT Security: Machine Learning and Deep Learning Perspective

The Internet of Things (IoT) gives the ability to people and machines to interact and learn from billions of items, including sensors, actuators, services, and other things that are connected to the Internet. The services provided by IoT are becoming an indispensable part of human life, further, the growth in the number of IoT devices is predicted to increase exponentially in the next few years. However, the IoT network consists of a variety of different types of devices being placed in heterogeneous environments. The data these devices generate contains noise in significant proportion. Also, these devices are vulnerable to various different kinds of attacks, identification of which is a challenging task in itself as they are in large numbers. The detection of faults is necessary for the early stages. Generic methods of authentication and authorization are not sufficient for these devices. Further, we need methods that can detect the attack at an early stage based on previous patterns and alert the system at the right time. In recent years machine learning and deep learning (ML/DL) algorithms have advanced considerably from being an experimental project in the research community to being applied in industry-standard applications. These algorithms have the potential to be better than simple security methods in providing intelligence to the system. In this article, we have reviewed various ML/DL algorithms with their advantages, and disadvantages, and how they can be applied in securing IoTs. Initially, a detailed overview of IoT, components, and applications are presented. After that, we present an overview of various threats, and attack methods are discussed with the probable ML/DL solutions.

Cerrado por vacaciones. Retratos de un vacío turístico

The notion of emptiness/vacuum has been one of the most frequently used to refer to the situation of the streets and tourist attractions during the first year of the COVID-19 containment measures. The absence of tourists and the closure of businesses targeting this type of clientele, led to completely unique images of Barcelona city which for decades has been accustomed to withstanding the disproportionate pressure of tourism on its streets. This text presents the results of Closed for holidays. Portraits of a tourist vacuum, an experimental project that set out to gather images of Barcelona without tourists to analyze to what extent this vacuum was real or, on the contrary, a social universe had emerged from it, usually buried under the city's tourist organization planning. The results confirmed the space to be a social construct and its tourist exploitation as a dynamic force that, when it ceases, allows for a glimpse of how that same space could be built in a different way, less commercialized and closer to resident user values.

Experimental Teaching Design of Transportation Major Integrated Curriculum Ideology and Politics—Taking Experimental Project “Railway Vehicle and EMU” as an Example

Experimental Teaching Design of Transportation Major Integrated Curriculum Ideology and Politics—Taking Experimental Project “Railway Vehicle and EMU” as an Example

The Healthy and Active Fund: Lessons From the Evaluation Experiences of Community-Based Physical Activity Projects in Wales.

The "Healthy and Active Fund" involved 17 community-based projects focused on the delivery of physical activity interventions, led by a variety of public and third sector organizations. As a novel, direct approach to capturing impact at this level, these organizations were encouraged to robustly evaluate and monitor their own project's outcomes, with core funds allocated to this process. This study aimed to explore project experiences of planning and completing evaluation activities, to better understand how to support community-based practice improvement. In-depth semistructured interviews were completed with individuals who had supported their project's evaluation. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to identify key facilitators and barriers associated with evaluation in this context. Across 3 identified themes, participants (N = 15, 12 projects) referred to a need for greater organizational capacity and expertise, familiarity with evaluation methods, partnership-working, inclusivity, and flexibility, particularly when collecting data from project beneficiaries. Overarching program support (eg,case officers) was viewed as a valuable resource that was disrupted by COVID-19. Participants highlighted the resilience of their projects when engaging with evaluation processes and acknowledged wider learning across organization networks as a result of this success. This study shows that projects may benefit from closer support and external expertise for research and evaluation. There is willingness by third sector and public bodies to adopt research and evaluation methods into routine practice, but significant barriers persist. Future programs should continue to support adaptable approaches to evaluation at community-level, to better progress health and well-being goals for diverse populations.

Vulnerability in Inclusive Research: Exploring Co- and Professional Researchers’ Experiences in a Community-Based Participatory Project on the Disability Family

In the transition to a less protectionist research ethics paradigm—in which vulnerable groups are no longer excluded from participating in research—academic researchers need to think differently about vulnerability. By means of a collective autoethnographic investigation of professional and co-researcher’s experiences in a community-based participatory research (CBPR) project, this article explores how vulnerability is experienced and perceived in the work process and how to respond to vulnerability. It finds that vulnerability manifests in two main ways—that of feeling “emotional hurt” and “epistemic self-doubt”—and that it comes from two main layers: the lived life and from working within CBPR. The main argument in the article is that vulnerability is inevitable in qualitative research like CBPR, when involving persons in vulnerable life situations. We propose four key recommendations for future research: (a) accept vulnerability as an inevitable part of CBPR, (b) balance protection with participant autonomy in situ and together as a team, (c) use a processual approach because ethical risks in the research context might alter over time, and (d) accept that placing co-researchers at the center of interpretative authority can increase professional researcher’s vulnerability. The article expands existing understandings of ethical issues and risk in inclusive research through a combined and innovative focus on both professional and co-researcher’s lived experiences.

Editorial

On behalf of the Geotechnical Testing Journal (GTJ) and ASTM International, I’m writing to thank Dr. Majdi Othman for his outstanding service as a GTJ Co-Editor-in-Chief and to welcome Dr. Kenneth Bell as he transitions into this role starting in January 2024. Majdi received a BS in Civil Engineering from Kuwait University in 1987 and MS and PhD degrees from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1989 and 1992, respectively. Majdi is a senior principal engineer with Geosyntec Consultants and is a registered professional engineer with extensive experience in geotechnical, environmental, and civil engineering projects. His work focuses on waste disposal facility siting; design, permitting, and construction; hydrogeological investigations and groundwater impact analysis; remediation of contaminated sites; and renewable energy projects. Majdi has published his work widely and has previously served as editor of Geotechnical News. Majdi served two terms as Co-Editor for a total of 6 years, from January 2018 through January 2024. He provided exceptional leadership in the management of GTJ in attaining and maintaining the high standards of the journal, including increasing the impact factor, timely processing of manuscripts, and overall respectful and conscientious advocacy for authors, reviewers, editorial board members, and ASTM International and GTJ staff. Majdi’s outstanding contributions and service are greatly appreciated and acknowledged. In line with the unique tradition of having Co-Editors representing both academia and industry, Dr. Kenneth R. Bell will begin his first term as a GTJ Co-Editor in January 2024. Dr. Bell has more than four decades of experience in geotechnical engineering in support of engineering design and construction on projects worldwide across all of Bechtel’s Global Business Units (GBUs). He was elected as a Bechtel Distinguished Engineer in 2010 and then elected as a Bechtel Fellow in 2011. His fields of experience include nuclear, fossil, and hydropower plant projects; mining projects; liquefied natural gas (LNG) facilities; and large civil infrastructure projects. Dr. Bell’s project experience includes overseas assignments in Hong Kong on a rail project, New Caledonia on mining project, and Trinidad on an LNG project. Dr. Bell retired as a full-time employee from Bechtel on July 29, 2018, and between 2018 and 2021, he participated in several short-term assignments. In November 2021, Dr. Bell returned to Bechtel as a full-time employee supporting Bechtel’s Energy Business Line working on several LNG projects around the world, which includes Pluto LNG in Australia and several projects on the Gulf Coast. Dr. Bell has been active with ASTM since 1987 when he joined Committee D18. He has served as 1st Vice Chair of Committee D18 and Chair of the Committee on Technical Committee Operations, and he has also Chaired two Subcommittees, D18.02 on Field Testing and D18.11 on Deep Foundations. He received the A. Ivan Johnson Outstanding Achievement Award from Committee D18 in 2021, an Award of Merit in 2014, and the Woodland G. Shockley Memorial Award from Committee D18 in 2011. In closing, I would like to thank Majdi for all his efforts and welcome Ken in his new role. Also, I would like to thank all authors for selecting the Geotechnical Testing Journal for publication of their manuscripts and the ASTM International staff, our outstanding editorial board members, and the numerous peer reviewers for their time, effort, and service to GTJ. I look forward to continued success of GTJ in collaboration with all stakeholders. Sincerely, Nazli Yesiller, PhD Director, Global Waste Research Institute-California Polytechnic State University Co-Editor, Geotechnical Testing Journal

Research on Reform and Practice of College Football Teaching Mode Based on VR Technology

This article uses literature method, experiment method, expert interview method and other research methods to analyze the problems existing in the traditional college football teaching model. The research finds that the traditional college football teaching model is limited by time and venue; Students learn passively and lack motivation; Problems such as insufficient integration of teaching media and practical teaching. And on this basis, it analyzes the necessity, feasibility, effectiveness and functional advantages of introducing VR technology into the reform of college football teaching mode, and puts forward a plan to apply “Internet + VR” to reform football practice teaching, and try to implement VR football The development and construction of the experimental teaching project system and the simulation football teaching and training visualization system are hoped to provide new construction ideas for the reform of the football teaching mode in my country’s colleges and universities at the theoretical and practical levels.

Analysing the model of “theme park & tourism performing arts”: A case study on Songcheng Company

In recent years, with the increase in people’s demand for tourism, the output value of the tourism performing arts industry has increased, and market competition has become fierce. In this case, Song Cheng Performing Arts Co., Ltd. (Songcheng Company) has developed faster than the average level of the industry since 2013 and has become a leading enterprise in the industry in recent years. The reason why the purpose of this study was to explore how Songcheng Company has developed rapidly in the past ten years and how the “theme park +tourism performing arts” model makes Songcheng Company successful. This paper finally analysed three reasons by using founding materials and data: This model was complementary. In future development, the company should integrate trend elements and join experiential projects; the model is highly replicable, but the company should strictly control product quality and reduce product homogenization. The model allows the company to build its own IP. Meanwhile, this paper suggests making more effective use of network resources. Through the study of Songcheng Company, this paper makes up for the gap in the study of this model and has a certain reference significance for the development of other tourism enterprises.

ПРОЄКТНИЙ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ У СФЕРІ ТУРИЗМУ: ТРАНСКОРДОННИЙ ДОСВІД ЧЕРНІВЕЦЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ ТА СУМІЖНОГО ПРИКОРДОННЯ

The goals of this article are to justify the methodical and technological components of the organization and the implementation of the acquired project experience in the management of cross-border cooperation in the field of tourism on the example of projects implemented in the territory of Chernivtsi region and the adjacent border with the participation of three neighboring countries: Ukraine, Romania and the Republic of Moldova. The methodology of our work was consisted in the systematization of the experience of project activities in the field of tourism in the territory based on the results of the implementation of cross-border cooperation programs with the participation of Chernivtsi region of Ukraine, Suchava and Botoshan counties of Romania and adjacent northern regions of the Republic of Moldova. General scientific and special research methods are used: analysis, synthesis, theoretical generalization, comparative characteristics, project approach. The results. The authors summarized the experience of implementing project management in the tourism industry of the Ukrainian-Romanian-Moldovan cross-border region. On the example of the territory of Chernivtsi region, Suchava and Botoshan counties of Romania and the northern regions of the Republic of Moldova (which directly border Ukraine and Romania), the results of the implementation of projects under cross-border cooperation programs within the framework of the Joint Operational Program "Romania - Ukraine - Republic of Moldova 2007-2013"and Joint Operational Programs "Romania - Ukraine 2014-2020" and "Ukraine - Moldova 2014-2020" were analyzed. The priorities of such programs, key directions and results of project activities were determined according to the criteria of significance and impact on the development of tourism and recreation within the cross-border recreational and tourist destination. The scientific novelty of the work is the generalization of the experience of implementing cross-border projects within the framework of cross-border cooperation programs and recommendations regarding the priority areas of project activities in tourism. The implications of the research lies in the possibility of implementing project management experience in the activities of educational institutions and relevant structural divisions, which is particularly relevant in the context of the implementation of decentralization processes and the activities of territorial communities, in particular, in relation to the management of tourism projects. The results of the research were used in the training of specialists in tourism and recreation and management of the tourism industry in the educational process of the Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University.

Experience on centralizing the Asset Management and Maintenance Engineering function in an Italian multi-utility company

The paper explores the centralization process of the Asset Management and Maintenance Engineering functions drawing from a project experience carried out in an Italian multi-utility company. The path towards centralization of the management of assets emerges as a strategic response to enhance operational synergies, improve resource allocation, and capitalize on economies of scale. The project is described in this paper, providing insights proposing a comprehensive, standardized approach for utility Asset Management, considering diverse utility services (water, gas, electricity and heating) and asset types to be managed. The centralization effort follows a three-step process: maturity assessment, common performance measurement system design, and sharing practices company-wide. This strategic response to evolving business demands offers a valuable framework for utility asset management in diverse industries and may be of help to companies following the same evolution path. Existing areas of research to be further explored are also emerging and discussed.

Overview of hadron photoproduction experiments in SPring-8 LEPS2 project

An experimental project to study hadron properties through photoproduction reactions is carried out in SPring-8 LEPS2 beamline. As an overview of this project, recent physics achievements and prospects on light baryon spectroscopy, exotic hadrons / bound states, and the origin of hadron mass are discussed with the description of experimental setups.