Experience Of Institutionalization Research Articles

Experience of Institutionalization & Occupational Injustice Among Boys at a Residential School & Treatment Center

Abstract Date Presented 03/21/24 This research project explores the experience of occupational injustice (OI) among children in institutionalized care. It delves into implementation of occupation-centered care in institutionalized settings as a means to mitigate the effects of OI. Primary Author and Speaker: Lindsey Warren

Взаимосвязь показателей взаимодействия детей и близких взрослых с возрастом и длительностью проживания детей в доме ребенка и замещающих семьях

According to data from scientific literature, children who experience living in child institutions (or baby homes) with social and emotional deprivation are significantly behind their peers in development, but after moving to a foster family (FF), this gap can lessen. Further published information shows, there is evidence that age of a child and time characteristics in the form of length of stay in an institution or in family play a significant role in “catching up”. The aim of this research was to study the relationship of the age of children, as well as length of stay in the baby home (BH) and in a FF with indicators of caregiver-child interaction at both stages (1) in the BH before transfer to post-institutional care and (2) after transfer to FF. The study involved 21 children with experience of institutionalization (the average age of children at the assessment in the BH was 21.6 ± 12.7 months; at the foster families stage was 49.8 ± 16.7 months) and their caregivers (personnel of BH and substitute parents in FF). The quality of caregiver-child interaction was studied using the PCERA (The Parent - Child Early Relational Assessment) method based on analysis of video recordings of caregiver-child free play. The results obtained in the BH before transfer to post-institutional care indicate the presence of a positive relationship between individual caregiver and child indicators of interaction, as well as the overall total indicator of interaction with the age of children at the time of assessment. The indicator of interaction on the part of children "Positive emotions, eye contact" is associated with the age at which children entered the BH. After the transition of children to FF, most of the indicators on the part of children are associated with the age at which they entered the BH, while “Emotional stability, absence of negative affect, compliance” shown by the children is associated with the age of transition to FF. The data obtained in the work are discussed from the point of view of the influence of the social and emotional experience of children on the indicators of their interaction with the caregivers.

Validation of the Japanese version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-J).

Objective: Facing a surge of child maltreatment reports, Japan has a need for concise assessment tools. Although the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) is accepted internationally as an instrument for childhood maltreatment, its Japanese version has not been validated. The present study examined the validity of the Japanese version of the CTQ (CTQ-J). Method: The CTQ-J was administered to Japanese adolescents in a residential institution (institutionalized group; n = 31) and adolescents without experience of institutionalization (community group; n = 46) from the greater Tokyo area. Analysis of variance was conducted to compare CTQ-J scores among the institutionalized group with documented maltreatment, the institutionalized group without documented maltreatment, and the community group, for the total score and 5 subscale scores. The discrimination of scores assessed by the CTQ-J were calculated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and identifying documented maltreatment. Results: Internal consistency was "good" to "acceptable" in all subscales (Cronbach's alpha > .74). In each maltreatment type, the institutionalized group with documented maltreatment experiences showed significantly higher CTQ-J scores than did the other groups. The area under the curve showed higher discrimination for the total score of the CTQ-J (0.95) and each subscale (0.98-0.86). Conclusion: This study demonstrated the reliability of the CTQ-J at the "good" to "acceptable" level and supported the criterion validity by identifying documented maltreatment cases in the child welfare records, although careful attention should be paid in its application. Further research is needed to test the CTQ-J's ability to identify less severe form of maltreatment using a more representative sample. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Analysis of caregiver-child interaction when transferring children from a baby home to post-institutional families

The article presents a study of characteristics of the interaction of children with the experience of institutionalization and caregivers both at the departure from a baby home and at different stages of living in post-institutional families, as well as their comparison with characteristics of interaction of parents and children in biological families. Previous studies have shown that the quality of interaction with a caregiver is one of the factors that mitigate the effects of early deprivation. To assess the quality of interaction, the PCERA method was used, based on the analysis of video recordings of a child and his caregiver during free play. A total of 31 cases of interaction between caregivers and children with the experience of institutionalization (IE; average age 29.3 ± 22.9 months) and 51 cases of interaction in biological families (BF; 38.8 ± 17.5 months) were analyzed. It was found that during the transition from a baby home to a post-institutional family, the quality of caregiver-child interaction remains at a relatively low level. In the first 24 months of a child’s residence in a family, foster parents have a lower level of sensitivity, mirroring and involvement in interaction with a child, more unpredictable behavior and negative emotions than parents in BF. After 24 months in a post-institutional family, children show a decrease in emotional stability and compliance and an increase in negative affect, in comparison with the assessment at the departure from an institution and in relation to their peers from a BF. At the same time, the overall total and some child’s indicators improve with increasing age of children in both the IE and BF groups. The results obtained underline the need to create psychological follow-up programs for post-institutional families aimed at supporting the development of interaction and the formation of attachment at the earliest stages after the child is transitioned to a post-institutional family.

Attachment in children with the experience of institutionalization. Part I. Features of attachment in children living in orphanages

Attachment in children with the experience of institutionalization. Part I. Features of attachment in children living in orphanages

Differences in attachment dimensions and reflective functioning between traumatized juvenile offenders and maltreated non-delinquent adolescents from care services

BackgroundAdverse childhood experiences, especially maltreatment, are regarded as significant risk factors for the development of antisocial behavior in adolescence. However, possible correlates are still to be investigated after considering the history of criminal records and the experience of institutionalization. ObjectiveIn this study, differences in attachment anxiety and avoidance, and reflective functioning (RF) between traumatized incarcerated juvenile offenders and non-delinquent adolescents institutionalized in child services because of domestic violence were examined. Participants, setting and methodForty-two juvenile offenders (Nfemale = 19) and 43 inmates of institutions for adolescents without parental care (Nfemale = 20) with the history of trauma filled in the childhood trauma and attachment dimensions questionnaires, and were scored on the Reflective Functioning Scale. Groups were matched on age and education. ResultsResults indicate that both groups reported equally high levels of attachment anxiety and avoidance. Male juvenile offenders had lower scores on reflective functioning than both female convicted minors (B = 1.06; Odds Ratio = 2.88; Nagelkerkes R2 = 45) and non-delinquent adolescents of both genders (B = −.65; Odds Ratio = .52; Nagelkerkes R2 = 42). In comparison to non-convicted males, male offenders also had higher scores on the control scale of idealization (B = .35; Odds Ratio = 1.42; Nagelkerkes R2 = 42). No differences between females with and without a history of crimes were found. ConclusionsResults indicate a need for building RF in both traumatized samples, especially in male delinquents, and encourage further research in females.

African experience of institutionalization of territorial autonomies: constitutional and legal status of Zanzibar as part of Tanzania

The article concludes that the state-territorial model of Tanzania has a complex structure and is characterized by various qualitative features that are characteristic (in various combinations and volumes) of the Federal and unitary forms of state-territorial structure. In the system unity of normative and actual indicators, the model of the state-territorial structure of Tanzania has a hybrid asymmetric configuration that synthesizes elements of a Federation and a unitary state with an unbalanced legal position of the two constituent regions (Zanzibar and Tanganyika). It is emphasized that Tanzania as a whole is characterized by the predominance of features of the unitary model.

Institutional environment of the National Qualifications System in the Russian Federation

Methodological approaches to the organization of social and labour relations are systematized. The dynamics of the institutional environment of the labour market and vocational training system interaction in Russia is revealed. The peculiarities of the Russian experience of institutionalization of labour relations in the field of qualifications are shown. Post-industrial development of socio-economic systems, the processes of globalization, the transition of the Russian economy to an innovative model of development, the knowledge economy, the acceleration of scientific and technological progress and other objective challenges have necessitated the development of new human resource management mechanisms. In modern conditions the staff of an organization is considered to be the human capital, i.e. the field for strategic investments, a key factor in ensuring the competitiveness and sustainable development of the country, the region, the sector, the company rather than the costly part of the economy. Currently, one of the main problems of human resourcing for economic growth in the European Union and the Russian Federation is professional and qualification imbalance of supply and demand on the labour market. The National Qualifications System is aimed at solving the problems of linking the labour market with vocational training. Problematic aspects of development of the Russian National Qualifications System are marked.

Consejo Tutelar como tecnología de gobierno. Relaciones agonistas entre protección y vigilância

Se trata de un análisis de las prácticas del Consejo Tutelar (CT) como tecnología de gobierno, a partir de uma investigación etnográfica de larga duración (2005-2007 y 2010-2014) realizada con jóvenes “egresas” de servicios de acogida institucional (abrigos) en el sur de Brasil. El trabajo etnográfico permite pensar que el CT funciona a partir de una “relación agonística” entre protección / cuidado y control / vigilancia, y se constituye como eje articulador de las experiencias de institucionalización y de desinstitucionalización que actúa como figura central de la intervención en las familias de las jóvenes y, posteriormente, de las que ellas mismas constituyen después. En esta figura, las jóvenes depositan por veces sus expectativas y anhelos de cambio de vida, y también sus frustraciones y revueltas con los cambios en las relaciones y los lazos familiares. En resumen, el CT actúa como productor de sujetos, los cuales a su vez resisten y subvierten sus funciones al relacionarse con él.

Досвід інституціоналізації політичної опозиції у сучасних європейських країнах (рецензія на монографію В. М. Кольцова «Становлення та структуризація політичної опозиції у країнах Вишеградської групи: порівняльний аналіз»)

Досвід інституціоналізації політичної опозиції у сучасних європейських країнах (рецензія на монографію В. М. Кольцова «Становлення та структуризація політичної опозиції у країнах Вишеградської групи: порівняльний аналіз»)

Особливості інституціоналізації еліти в процесах модернізації політичної системи Німеччини (1949-1990 роки).

Under conditions of a global development processes of political systems modernization acquire all the more significance, while they contribute to necessary transformations with the aim of adaptation to challenges of environment through making structural meaningful transformations. It actualized the need of research of the subject of modernization activity, which in the process of institutionalization acquires the necessary resources and procedures for its effective implementation.The processes of institutionalization of the political elite are conditioned by: the strengthening of the professionalization of the political field of activity; the social need for the formation and regulation of the rules of interaction; the need to legitimize the status and procedures of the activity; the presence of structural and functional potential, needed to influence the functioning of the political system. The evaluation of the level of institutionalization of the elite in the processes of modernization of the political system is based on the criteria of adaptability, complexity, autonomy, cohesion, congruency, exclusivity.The high level of institutionalization of the Germany’s political elite in the processes of modernization allowed to restore the sovereignty of the state, to ensure the appropriate level of democracy, social orientation of socio-political and socio-economic development, consolidating the leading position in world politics. This was facilitated by: 1) the existence of transparent rules of incorporation and intra-elite interaction, their compliance with the Constitution; 3) the use of structural and functional potential and resources for raising standards of public life; 4) the development of the ideas and symbols aimed at consolidating society in order to achieve the strategic goal; 5) initiation of the strategic project of modernization; 6) the sequence of the procedure for the practical implementation and optimization of the project with the help of political technologies. The experience of institutionalization of the political elite of Germany is quiet relevant for Ukraine in the context of modern political reality.

Institutional Survivorship: Abandonment and the “Machinery of the Establishment”

Institutions are a central and painful feature in the historical record of the treatment of people with intellectual disabilities in Canada. To date, scholarly work has provided a robust understanding of the multiple intersecting factors and “political rationalities” (Chapman, 2014) that have contributed to institutions’ development, including their relationship with capitalism’s “exploitative social relations of production and consumption” (Erevelles, 2014, para. 6). Accounts from institutional survivors that describe the direct and lived experience of institutionalization have begun to emerge in Canadian disability studies and historical canons. Based on research that examined the impact of institutionalization on families, this paper draws from survivor narratives to explore the alienation and abandonment that survivors experienced as a result of having been institutionalized. It interrogates the connection between survivors’ experiences and the function of their alienation in the workings of a capitalist system. Additionally, this paper addresses some of the historical, social and political conditions of the time and place of concern (post World War II Ontario), and discusses how those conditions created a discourse of persuasion in the institutionalization of children with intellectual disabilities.

TOURISM STUDIES IN THE HIGHER EDUCATION IN SWEDEN: FOCUSING ON SUSTAINABILITY

In this paper the Swedish higher tourism education is presented by analyzing the development of tourism education. Descriptive information of English taught University programs has been collected with a purpose to gain a deeper understanding of the general features of tourism higher education in Sweden. Methodology. The paper is based on a web-based content analysis of Swedish universities’ web-sites. In total six master degree programs at five universities were analyzed. Results of the analysis showed that the first Swedish academic program in tourism was opened in 1978 and from its inception tourism education is of growing significance. Instead of the higher number of degree programs in tourism, which are taught in Swedish, there is a limited number of those taught in English. Just one Bachelor Programme is taught in English in International Tourism is developed at Dalarna University and one Ph.D. Programme in Tourism is developed at Mid Sweden University. Master programs related to tourism are offered at Dalarna University, Linnaeus University, Lund University, Mid Sweden University, and Umea University. Based on the curricula analysis of these programs, five main themes are identified: 1) tourism as a social phenomenon; 2) sustainable development of tourism; 3) tourism destination development; 4) economics of tourism, and 5) tourism through service studies. The findings show that the major university programs in tourism adopt an interdisciplinary approach, which combines elements of social sciences, humanities, and business administration. According to the observed curricula, the view on tourism as on social phenomenon prevails. In the studying process, the concept of sustainable development and classical social concepts such as ethnicity, gender, class, culture, and power relations are widely integrated into different tourism courses, making the programs comprehensive, and attractive for international students. The recognition of the tourism programs is supported by the increasing number of international students obtaining degree program in Sweden. Practical implications. This paper presents the Swedish experience of institutionalization of tourism studies into the higher education, which may be interesting for program administrators, faculty, and prospective graduate students. Value/originality. The analysed data shows the specific features of master’s programs in tourism studies and identifies the focusing of Swedish higher education on sustainability.

Sources of heterogeneity in developmental outcomes of children with past and current experiences of institutionalization in Russia: A four-group comparison.

The present study sought to compare 4 groups of age- and gender-matched children-(a) those reared in institutions for children without parental care in Russia; (b) those raised by their biological parents in Russia; (c) those adopted to the United States from Russian institutions; and (d) those born in the United States and raised by their biological parents-on indicators of cognition, language, and early learning. In addition, we aimed to compare the effects of the length of time spent in an institution, the age of initial placement in an institution, the age at adoption, and pre-institutional risk factors (i.e., prenatal substance exposure and prematurity and low birth weight) on the above-mentioned outcomes in the 2 groups of children with institutionalization experiences. Our results confirm previous reports demonstrating negative consequences of institutionalization and substantial ameliorating effects of adoption. They also underscore the complexity of the effects of institutionalization and adoption, showing that they are intertwined with the effects of pre-institutional risk factors. (PsycINFO Database Record

Eugenics, sterilization, and historical memory in the United States.

From the 1920s to the 1950s, California sterilized approximately 20,000 people in state homes and hospitals based on a eugenic law that authorized medical superintendents to perform reproductive surgeries on patients deemed unfit and "suffering from a mental affliction likely to be inherited." Working with a unique resource - a dataset created from 19,000 sterilization recommendations - my team and I have reconstructed patterns and experiences of institutionalization of sterilizations. This article presents several of our important initial findings related to ethnic and gender bias in sterilization policies, and reflects on the relevance of the history for contemporary issues in genomics and social justice.

Supplemental Material for Sources of Heterogeneity in Developmental Outcomes of Children With Past and Current Experiences of Institutionalization in Russia: A Four-Group Comparison

Supplemental Material for Sources of Heterogeneity in Developmental Outcomes of Children With Past and Current Experiences of Institutionalization in Russia: A Four-Group Comparison

Repeated entries to the Swedish addiction compulsory care system: A national register database study

This study identified and described specific client groups who have repeated entries to the Swedish addiction compulsory care system. Specifically, through the use of baseline data from the Swedish government Staten's Institutions Styrelse (SiS) database, for 2658 individuals who were assessed at their compulsory care intake interview by social workers in the national social welfare system between 2001 and 2009 the study identified the associations between specific predisposing, enabling and need characteristics and repeated addiction compulsory care entries. The logistic regression model identified that individuals whose children have been mandated to the child welfare system, who have experienced prior compulsory care including compulsory treatment through LVU (law (1990:52) with specific provision about care of young people under 18), and those who have been in prison are more likely to have two or more entries in the addiction compulsory care system compared to their counterparts. Individuals who have been mandated to compulsory care for their substance use disorder two or more times have significant multiple complex problems and repeated experiences of institutionalization. These individuals are a group in need of a well-coordinated and integrated system of aftercare services to reduce the likelihood of re-entry into addiction compulsory care.

Avaliação Legislativa no Brasil: apontamentos para uma nova agenda de pesquisa sobre o modo de produção das leis

This article aims to analyze the strengths and limitations of the legislative review process to instruct the development and review of legislative acts in Brazil . Legislative assessment is a methodology designed to analyze normative acts from the standpoint of the effects they produce in society. From this perspective, it pertains to the the evaluator to measure, with the use of interdisciplinary research tools, the efficiency, the effectiveness and the impact of laws. Accordingly, this paper is divided into four parts. At first, we analyze the social, economic and intellectual conditions which favor the development of legislative review as a fundamental methodology in the process of law production. The article then examines the legislative review with the perspective of studying “Legistics Material”. This discipline, also known as “methodical legislation” aims to provide techniques for shaping the content of the law itself; in this process the analytical tools used are of paramount relevance. The third part will present some experiences of institutionalization of legislative review where it has been officially adopted in some jurisdictions as an essential mechanism of the lawmaking process. The article concludes by highlighting an analysis of how assumptions of “Legistics Material” have been inserted in the Brazilian legal system, and how these assumptions have been applied in practice. It will be seen that the modest use of legislative review in Brazil stems from the lack of knowledge of this important tool for improving the legislative technique .

Avaliação Legislativa no Brasil: apontamentos para uma nova agenda de pesquisa sobre o modo de produção das leis

This article aims to analyze the strengths and limitations of the legislative review process to instruct the development and review of legislative acts in Brazil . Legislative assessment is a methodology designed to analyze normative acts from the standpoint of the effects they produce in society. From this perspective, it pertains to the the evaluator to measure, with the use of interdisciplinary research tools, the efficiency, the effectiveness and the impact of laws. Accordingly, this paper is divided into four parts. At first, we analyze the social, economic and intellectual conditions which favor the development of legislative review as a fundamental methodology in the process of law production. The article then examines the legislative review with the perspective of studying “Legistics Material”. This discipline, also known as “methodical legislation” aims to provide techniques for shaping the content of the law itself; in this process the analytical tools used are of paramount relevance. The third part will present some experiences of institutionalization of legislative review where it has been officially adopted in some jurisdictions as an essential mechanism of the lawmaking process. The article concludes by highlighting an analysis of how assumptions of “Legistics Material” have been inserted in the Brazilian legal system, and how these assumptions have been applied in practice. It will be seen that the modest use of legislative review in Brazil stems from the lack of knowledge of this important tool for improving the legislative technique .

Student Perceptions of Juvenile Offender Accounts in Criminal Justice Education

In criminal justice programs, a major teaching objective is to expose students to the wide range of experiences and career paths available in criminal justice. Technological advances increase instructional strategies so that students may gain more realistic educational experience and correct erroneous perceptions about the criminal justice system. This paper describes one such strategy for online criminal justice students, a virtual prison tour, founded on the principles of social learning, experiential learning, and e-learning. In an upperclass course in juvenile delinquency, 43 students viewed a video of incarcerated juvenile offenders recounting their experiences of institutionalization, sentences, challenges, programming, and fears upon release. Student responses to seven quantitative questions and one qualitative question revealed that the video greatly impacted their attitudes, understanding, and perceptions of the juvenile justice system and provided pedagogical benefits. This strategy can be used to help criminal justice educators enhance student learning so that students experience a major aspect of the juvenile justice system.