Experience Of Foreign Countries Research Articles

IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF STATE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL VALUES IN UKRAINE

The author of the article reveals the purpose of implementing the international experience of the system of state protection of national values through the prism of two important trends that should be implemented and and enshrined in the practice of state-building processes in modern Ukraine. One of them stipulates that national values are the central core of the national security system security system, they define the triad of ‘values-interests-goals’. The second trend defines the system of creating mechanisms for legislative support of guaranteeing and protecting of national values, which is embodied in the systemic nature of the state policy on national development and is the actual consolidation of the civilisational civilisational choice of the Ukrainian nation at the level of legal acts. The purpose of the article is to analyse practical aspects of implementation of the state mechanisms for protection of national values in foreign countries and their implementation in the Ukrainian State. The author emphasises that national values of of modern Ukraine should not be subject to political bargaining, speculation, etc. They are are always an element of political struggle. Without this, political processes are impossible, and therefore, national values should be defined and prohibited for political speculation on them, which, by the way, requires the development of an institution of for their criminal law protection; and - to have its own system of mechanisms of legislative protection. It is determined that the first step towards the implementation of the experience of foreign countries in protecting national values should be the introduction of an all-Ukrainian analytical study of the system of national values. It should should be based on long-term and medium-term forecasts of domestic development and the development of the system of world politics, its specific regional and functional subsystems. This means that the full potential of national research institutes in the field of public opinion, civil society, and sociological research should be used to society, and sociological research should be directed within the framework of a single state policy to study and define national values.

Демографический спад и экономический рост: анализ причин и успешных решений в мировой практике

The article examines the impact of the demographic recession on economic growth, with an emphasis on the experience of foreign countries. In the face of an aging population and a shrinking workforce, many states are grappling with the challenges of sustaining stable economic development. The author analyzes examples from various global economies, exploring strategies employed to mitigate demographic changes, including stimulating innovation, increasing labor productivity, utilization of migration policy resources, and human capital development. Particular attention is paid to developed economies, where demographic issues most acutely affect long-term economic prospects. The author concludes that successful solutions to demographic challenges can be achieved through the implementation of a comprehensive approach and active collaboration among government entities, businesses, and society at large.

Foreign experience of evaluating the effectiveness of police activity and the possibility of its implementation in Ukraine

The article is devoted to the study of foreign experience in assessing the effectiveness of police activities and the analysis of the possibility of its application in Ukraine. In particular, the author examines the foreign experience of evaluating the effectiveness of police activities in such countries as Austria, Great Britain, Estonia, Canada, Latvia, Lithuania, the USA, France, and the possibility of its implementation in Ukraine. Particular attention is paid to evaluation methods that combine quantitative and qualitative indicators of police performance. The authors point out the importance of internal and external control, with a significant role for public control, which is ensured through surveys, reporting and other forms of interaction with the public. The experience of foreign countries also includes the use of statistical reports on crime, such as in the United States and Austria, which allow not only to assess the work of the police but also to increase the level of trust in law enforcement agencies. It is concluded that the introduction of a point-based performance evaluation system should be applied to the personal assessment of each police officer. Based on the study, we conclude that in all foreign countries analyzed by us, today much attention is paid to the assessment of the effectiveness of police activities, which is due to the social purpose of its activities, but, given the existing legal system, organizational and legal framework for the activities of police units, and the adopted system of their management, the criteria for such assessment differ. In addition, we have found that certain forms of police performance evaluation, such as public opinion polls and annual reports on police performance, are common to both national and most foreign police systems. As a result of summarizing foreign experience in assessing the effectiveness of police activities, the author suggests using the following positive issues, namely: introduction of the above-mentioned US experience in Ukraine, since such ‘Crime Maps’ are available; use of the positive experience of the HM Inspectorate for Constabulary (UK) in the activities of the newly established Department of the Main Inspectorate and Human Rights of the National Police of Ukraine, in particular, in assessing the quality of police services.

The minimum number of points and the calculation period of accrual as elements of the mechanism for improving the qualifications of lawyers

It is indicated that the defining elements of the lawyer’s legal status are his professional rights, duties, guarantees and responsibilities. Improving the qualifications of a lawyer is one of his fundamental professional duties (paragraph 4, part 1, article 21 of the Law of Ukraine «On Advocacy and Advocacy»). This article reveals the essence of the mechanism of the lawyer’s implementation of his professional duty to improve his qualifications, primarily through the prism of the need for him to obtain the appropriate number of points during the specified calculation period of their accrual. Attention is drawn to the dilatability of the issue not only regarding the total minimum number of points that a lawyer must receive, as well as the calculation period for their accrual, but also regarding the expediency of the existence of an institute for improving the qualifications of lawyers in general. In the framework of this article, the normative consolidation of the procedure for implementing the lawyer’s obligation to improve his qualifications in the context of the calculation of the appropriate number of points during a certain calculation period in accordance with national legislation, as well as the experience of foreign countries in determining the mechanism for improving the qualifications of lawyers, was also investigated. It is concluded that foreign countries use different positions regarding the definition of the mechanism for improving the qualifications of lawyers. Thus, a number of countries adhere to the need to use a calculation period of one year, fixing at the same time a different minimum number of credit points (hours, credits) that a lawyer must receive. Countries that not only set the minimum required number of points (hours) for a lawyer in one year, but also set a longer calculation period in general (three or five years) take a slightly different position. It is concluded that the provisions of national legislation regarding the minimum number of points (10 hours) that a lawyer must obtain within one year generally correspond to the law-making practice of European countries (the average duration of training of European professional judges and practicing lawyers is approximately 14 hours/points/credits per year).

COMPETITIVE MODEL PROPOSAL FOR THE AZERBAIJAN WINE INDUSTRY: TALENT-BASED ORGANIZATIONAL MODEL

The main aim of this study is to develop a talent-based model proposition in line with the resource-based approach by assessing the strategic position of Azerbaijan's wine industry, which is globally recognized as an important wine producing country. It is noted that in the context of very important changes and events taking place in the world today, the phenomenon of competition expresses competition in all spheres of life and day by day increases its intensity and challenges modern business. The article widely uses methods of comparative analysis of the experience of foreign countries, analysis of statistical dynamics, and in-depth analyzes of economic growth in a competitive environment. The author notes that in order for businesses to compete and, moreover, achieve sustainable competitive advantage, they need to understand that the basis of competition has changed, and accordingly everyone must reconsider their approaches and define a new road map for themselves as strategic support with new methods in management. This new understanding of strategy allows companies to be unique, inimitable and responsive to define their strategy and prepare action plans to meet changing customer needs, create customer value and provide quality and low-cost products and services. The author emphasizes that businesses now realize that it is impossible to compete and survive using old methods. It is noted that the resource-based view is used as a new approach, which involves the harmonization of resources and business capabilities with their external environment to produce unique products and services. Azerbaijani wine industry businesses that can redefine their boundaries and develop external relationships using a talent-based model can expand their reach and influence to new groups of employees and entrepreneurs. In this way, Azerbaijani wine industry enterprises can create great new opportunities and offer these groups opportunities to participate in the global economy. This perspective, which sheds light on the dominant organizational logic of powerful players who influence or share the behavior of others, includes foreign competitors, suppliers and employees in the global economy. In this regard, it is very important for the Azerbaijani wine industry to have a good understanding of the interaction between global and local dynamics.

International experience of foreign countries in the field of light industry

This article presents an extensive analysis of international experience in the field of light industry, in particular, using the example of several effectively functioning foreign countries. Which is a valuable source of knowledge and best practices that can be applied in the context of Kazakhstan.The purpose of this study is to study in depth the international experience in light industry, especially in the context of globalization and increased international competition.This article presents various segments of light industry and types of its products, as well as a comparative analysis of the leading countries of the world and Kazakhstan in the share of GDP attributable to light industry. An important aspect of the study is the analysis of effective experience in creating jobs, promoting social stability, increasing exports and expanding the trade balance, as well as stimulating innovation and technological development. The value of this study lies not only in the study of international experience, which helps to avoid repeating mistakes, but also in adapting successful strategies to the local conditions of Kazakhstan. This will accelerate the development of the light industry by introducing innovations in light industry technology, changes in consumer behavior, taking into account trends in sustainable development, etc. The results of this study will allow us to identify not only the main trends and strategies for the successful development of light industry abroad and consider them, but also apply them in practice in the context of our own country.

GLOBAL PRACTICE OF DIVERSIFICATION OF THE OIL AND GAS SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY

The article considers global trends in the development of the oil and gas sector of the economy. World economic systems, developing due to the availability of large amounts of natural resources, are increasingly specialised in the extraction and export of energy products, which are mainly exported to industry markets in raw form. Countries that supply hydrocarbon commodities to world markets are subject to price volatility and pricing policies, with the result that the economies of oil and gas exporting countries are not always sustainable. Historically, such countries have historically been less able to develop manufacturing sectors that produce value-added goods, while supplementing government budgets with quick revenues from oil and gas exports. These countries have a chance to develop their economies by selling raw materials for a certain period of time, but in the long term they switch to economic diversification to ensure sustainability in the face of uncertainties (lower demand for raw materials, volatility of resource prices, environmental challenges, scientific and technological development, increased use of unconventional energy sources, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, etc.). Oil and gas producing and exporting countries have been carrying out reforms for the last two decades in order to ensure strong economic growth through the expansion of industrial sectors of the economy by producing deep processing products with high added value. The purpose of the research is to study the world experience of oil and gas industry diversification development in order to adapt it to the realities of Kazakhstan Methodology - The work uses statistical, monographic, abstract-logical and other methods of research. Originality/value of the study is to consider the experience of foreign countries in the development of diversification of the oil and gas sector of the economy. Results of the study - The main directions of development of diversification of the oil and gas sector of the country's economy are determined.

Informal Life Safety Education for Students in the Context of Globalisation: Insights From International Practices

Informal education is a process of self-organised acquisition of specific competencies. Although not necessarily goal-oriented and structured, it actively contributes to expanding professional knowledge and skills and is positioned as one of the critical competencies of an individual. Informal education has gained particular significance in the era of internationalisation. The article aims to analyse the specifics of organising informal education for students in the field of life safety against the backdrop of global internationalisation, based on the experience of foreign countries. The research identifies the primary forms of informal education, including single lectures, video lessons, online consultations, and communication tools. It has been established that informal education creates preconditions for self-realisation, acquisition of new knowledge, skills, and competencies, increased motivation, and professional competence. Mechanisms for crediting the results of informal learning to formal education have been provided. It has been found that the educational environment in the era of internationalisation involves academic mobility, active international relations, projects, research initiatives, and academic programs, as well as the integration of international, intercultural, and global dimensions into higher education goals. Policies and programs appropriate to implement in response to globalisation as a tool for maximising its opportunities have been identified. An analysis of the national internationalisation of informal education in life safety, consideration of its organisational strategies through the prism of target programs and personal motivation of higher education students has been conducted. It has been proven that informal education in life safety enhancement is flexible, not limited by time frames, and does not involve certain procedural formalities. It aims to improve students’ life activities, allowing them to actively socialise and enhance their socio-economic status.

State support for employment of rural population in Kazakhstan

Purpose - the problems of employment in rural areas are considered and the ways of their solution are proposed. Methods - economic and statistical method, monographic, systematic, sociological analysis - to determine the indicators and factors of providing jobs - were used in identifying the trends of employment of rural population. Results - the current situation in the labor market was studied, the state programs for the expansion of this segment and the results of their implementation were analyzed. The statistical data of unemployment rate by categories in dynamics are compared: age, gender composition, share of labor-sufficient urban and rural populations. The experience of foreign countries is shown, the approved norms of the number of employees employed in agriculture are presented. Conclusions - to improve the socio-economic infrastructure of rural areas and to improve the quality of life of rural residents it is important to improve the system of subsidizing economic entities. This, in turn, is achievable under the condition of investment of staff units in agricultural production and strengthening social protection of the population. Structural reorganization of the economy has affected the decrease of labor employment in the agrarian sphere, which is one of the criteria of economic development of the republic. Diversification in the agro-industrial complex, support of peasant (farmer) farms and alternative forms of labor relations in rural areas allow to smooth negative trends and receive additional income. The priority direction of labor mobility of rural residents is the expansion of small business. To this end, it is necessary to ease the tax burden on its enterprises, create regional centers for their support, which should direct the available financial and material resources primarily to the implementation of projects and employment programs in rural areas.

SOME ASPECTS OF THE REGULATION OF THE INSTITUTION OF THE PRESIDENCY BY NATIONAL LEGISLATION AND LEGISLATION OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES

This article examines the issues of the content of the institution of the presidency in national legislation, while studying the legislative experience of foreign countries on this issue. The implementation of the principle of separation of powers on the basis of the political regime and form of government established in the state can have an impact on the formation of a model of presidency peculiar to a certain state. The development of the institution of the presidency has determined the emergence of a classification of its models used by foreign countries in accordance with their customs and traditions. The paper examines the features of the institution of the presidency in its various models, including in relation to a semi-presidential, presidential, parliamentary republic, as well as in countries with an authoritarian political regime. Special attention is paid to the concept of super-presidency, which has been developed in the CIS countries. The article examines the characteristics of the super-presidential form of government in relation to Kazakhstan, analyzing the causes and features of its implementation. Based on the consideration of the normative and actual status of the first person of the state, the peculiarities of the presidency in the Republic of Kazakhstan are determined. In addition, the question of the responsibility of the head of state to the people is raised. The definition of the degree of responsibility of the president becomes relevant in the light of constitutional innovations regarding the restriction of holding this position, joining political parties and the occupation by close relatives of the president of the positions of political civil servants, heads of quasi-public sector entities. Therefore, the work highlights some aspects of regulating the responsibility of the head of state and possible ways to resolve them.

The problem of combating cybercrime: a comparative legal analysis

In the modern world, the development of information technologies opens up new opportunities for communication, business and science. The use and improvement of information technology has led to the emergence of cybercrime. The use and improvement of the field of information technology has led to the emergence of cybercrime. Cybercrime covers a wide range of criminal offenses from identity theft and financial fraud to attacks on critical infrastructure. Cybercrime has become a threat not only to individuals, but also to the state, which involves the destruction of the economic and information spheres, endangering the entire sphere of public life. The problem of countering cybercrime at both the national and international levels is an important issue. Despite the efforts of governments and international organizations to create effective countermeasures against cybercrime, the number and complexity of such criminal offenses continues to grow. This requires constant improvement of legal, technological and organizational protection mechanisms. Unfortunately, the fight against cybercrime in Ukraine is at an initial stage and is not as developed as in other countries of the world. The topic of combating cybercrime is very relevant in the conditions of martial law. Nowadays, a war in the information space can cause no less damage than a war on the battlefield, so cybercrime actors must take all necessary measures to reduce the number of cybercrimes committed by the enemy. One of the priority directions for improving the domestic legal system is the introduction of international concepts, principles and ideas, the use of positive experience of foreign countries in the issue of countering cybercrime.This article examines the main challenges faced by modern cyber security systems, analyzes existing methods of countermeasures in Ukraine and foreign countries, and suggests ways to improve them.

Стратегічні засади переформатування логістичних ланцюгів агропродовольчої продукції в систему замкнених циклів у парадигмі циркулярної економіки

The article reveals the features of transforming the logistics chains of agri-food supply into a system of closed cycles. Also, it suggests strategies for reformatting the logistics chains of agri-food products into a system of closed cycles. In particular, a scheme for the operational implementation of the transformational processes of reformatting the logistics chains of agro-food products into a system of closed cycles is proposed. It has been established that one of the critical aspects of the circular agricultural economy is the return of nutrients to the soil through the processing of bio-waste and renewable fertilizers, which contributes to the preservation of fertility and natural capital. This is critical to prevent nutrient deficiencies in agriculture and reduce pollution. Organic and food waste management is at the heart of the transition to circular agriculture, which minimizes dependence on external resources, mitigates environmental impact, and uses waste to create bioenergy and biofertilizers. The number of fines imposed on business entities for violating the legislation in the field of household waste management in Ukraine has been determined. It is substantiated that the experience of foreign countries indicates the critical direction for developing a national strategy for the transition to a circular agro-food economy of Ukraine based on the principles of sustainable development. Among the main development strategies, the following stand out: the strategy of clean, sustainable growth, focused on minimizing climate change and stimulating eco-innovations; bioeconomy strategy, which involves the use of biological resources for sustainable development and preservation of biodiversity; as well as a national waste management strategy that emphasizes the minimization of agricultural waste and the support of closed production cycles. Keywords: circular economy, sustainable development, agrarian sector of the economy, supply chains, disposal of food waste, development strategies.

Теоретико-правовые основы информирования о фактах коррупции: сравнительно-правовое исследование

The anti-corruption policy of a number of states testifies to systematic activities aimed at combating corruption. The analysis of the legislation of the Russian Federation showed that, despite the active formation of a legal and organizational framework that allows citizens to interact with state authorities and local governments in the field of anti-corruption, many issues have not yet been resolved, for example, in the case of protection of persons informing about facts of corruption. A study of the experience of foreign countries has shown that most countries are moving away from a staged approach to whistleblower protection to separate legislation covering various aspects of such protection. Finally, the authors conclude that the issues of protecting of persons who report on corruption cases and incentive measures (for example, payment of remuneration) will help to improve the efficiency of such activity.

ВОПРОСЫ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ МЕР ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ В ОТНОШЕНИИ ПЕДОФИЛОВ В РАМКАХ ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ АДМИНИСТРАТИВНОГО НАДЗОРА ЗА ЛИЦАМИ, ОСВОБОЖДЕННЫМИ ИЗ МЕСТ ЛИШЕНИЯ СВОБОДЫ

The article focuses on the most effective ways and methods of preventive action on pedophiles, analyzes the experience of foreign countries. The problems of administrative supervision of these per-sons and possible ways to solve them are determined.

Synergy of social and institutional transformations in higher education in the context of post-war recovery: foreign experience for Ukraine

Introduction: the strategic directions for post-war recovery in Ukraine involve preserving and enhancing higher education institutions' educational and cultural potential, intensifying knowledge-intensive technologies' development, and transforming the education system towards public management and digitalisation. There is a growing demand for the development of higher education in productive educational-cognitive directions, specialisation, and universalisation. The article aims to analyse the potential synergy of the transformation of institutional and social concepts in the functioning of higher education in the context of post-war recovery in Ukraine. Method: the study employed general research methods, including generalisation, comparison, systematisation, abstraction, analysis, synthesis, and concretisation, to analyse the experience of foreign countries in adapting their higher education systems to crisis and post-crisis conditions. Results: the study examined the requirements and possibilities for modernising and improving the higher education system in Ukraine through the interaction between the labour market and the educational environment. The research summarised the issues with the functioning of the higher education system during martial law. It proposed a comprehensive approach to regenerating and optimising the higher education system during the post-war recovery period. Conclusions: the study demonstrated the need for synergy between social and institutional dynamics in higher education transformation. The results suggest ways to improve higher education by integrating different vectors of the social-institutional environment

THE ESSENCE OF THE STAGE OF PAROLE IN THE EXECUTION OF PUNISHMENT AND ITS THEORETICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS

In this article, the author provides a legal explanation of the stage of punishment in which conditional early release from serving a sentence, the experience of foreign countries in this regard, the opinion of legal scholars, as well as the decision of the court that issued conditional early release from serving a sentence.

International practice of the bonus-malus system

Purpose of the research – evaluation of the eff ectiveness of the "bonus-malus" in the class of compulsory insurance of civil liability of vehicle owners and the identification of the conceptual foundations of compulsory insurance of civil liability inherent in the experience of foreign countries, as well as the development of proposals to improve the rules of this insurance. Methodology – the methodological basis of the research was the works and publications of foreign economic scientists, a set of general scientifi c and private methods of scientific cognition (analytical, systematic method, analysis, synthesis, comparison, etc.). Originality / value – in order to ensure a balance with favorable values of compulsory civil liability insurance, methodological approaches to the modernization of the bonus-malus system are provided and determined by the expediency and possibility of use in the insurance market of kazakhstan. Findings – it provides for the use of optimal ways of differentiating insurance tariff s by domestic insurance companies, taking into account the degree of risk and interests of policyholders of various categories, and maintaining the availability of tariffs for a wide range of consumers of insurance services.

Social entrepreneurship in the field of tourism and the problem of its institutionalization: analysis of the experience of the Asian South countries

The article substantiates the relevance of the topic of institutionalization of social entrepreneurship in the field of tourism, determined by the presence of a number of contradictions accompanying this process in Russian society. The goal of the research is to study the experience of foreign countries in which social entrepreneurship is developing in the tourism industry and signs of its institutional transformations are emerging, which allows us to extrapolate this experience to solve a number of problems in the Russian tourism sector. The results of the analysis of scientific publications reflecting the topic of the development of social entrepreneurship and its institutionalization in the developing countries of the Asian South – India and Pakistan – are presented. The research method is the analysis of documents – scientific publications, which reflect the problems of institutionalization of social entrepreneurship in the field of tourism. Based on the analysis of tourism in these countries, scientists have identified such aspects of the problem associated with the institutionalization of social entrepreneurship as increasing the level of interest of local communities in the development of tourism, taking into account the specifics of the tourism industry, trends in the sustainability of its development, orientation towards the management of this area and cooperation between business and the state. Based on the results of the study, conclusions have been drawn about the initial stage of institutionalization of social entrepreneurship in these countries, but some institutional practices, such as partnership between the state, society and socially oriented entrepreneurship in the tourism industry, attracting the population to work in the tourism sector, developing folk crafts and involving tourists in this area , can be used in the Russian tourism industry.

Comparison of global nursing education and necessary supports for nurse educators between Japan and four English-speaking countries: An international cross-sectional study

AimThis study aimed to compare characteristics of nurse educators, factors related to teaching global nursing, contents of global education and support and the level of burden of global education and factors related to the burden between nurse educators among top nursing universities in Japan and four English-speaking countries. BackgroundIntercultural sensitivity is the active desire to motivate oneself to understand, appreciate and accept different cultures. Nurse educators need to be culturally sensitive to teach cultural care to nursing students. DesignThis is a cross-sectional exploratory international comparative study using an online survey. MethodsParticipants were nurse educators with a nurse lisence in the top 20 in Japan and the top 10 universitiesin the United States, Canada, United Kingdom and Australia (hereafter “English-speaking countries”), respectively. The questions in Google form selected participants by the inclusion criteria. Intercultural sensitivity was measured by the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale. Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman’s correlation coefficients were used for the analyses. Data were collected from October 2023 to January 2024. ResultsA total of 144 in Japan (response rate=29.0%) and 106 educators in English-speaking countries (response rate=2.4%) were included in the analysis. Nurse educators in Japan had less work experience in foreign countries, had fewer opportunities to take part in cross-cultural interactions and had significantly lower intercultural sensitivity. In both groups, those who had more experience in foreign countries with higher intercultural sensitivity taught global nursing. While in Japan nurse educators who had higher proficiency in non-native languages and those who had more frequently taken part in cross-cultural interactions taught global nursing, in English-speaking countries full-time workers who had attended international academic conferences taught. In Japan, global nursing was a more optional course and the number of contents taught was lower. While participants in Japan had international seminars at universities as support for global nursing education, those in English-speaking countries had faculty members with different cultural backgrounds. Participants in Japan felt more burden for global nursing education. In Japan, more proficient non-native language, more frequent cross-cultural interaction and higher intercultural sensitivities were associated with a lower burden, while teaching other than in their native language, contents taught and performance evaluation were associated with a higher burden in English-speaking countries. ConclusionsHigher intercultural sensitivity, performance evaluation and proficiency in non-native language may be important for nurse educators to teach global nursing and support is necessary to enhance them.

Research on the influence of consumer Perceived Value on the purchase of new energy vehicles

In recent years, low carbon economy has gradually become a hot issue of global concern. At present, Chinese consumers are still in the initial stages of understanding and research on carbon tax. By analysing various carbon tax regimes domestically and abroad, this article employs a quantitative research methodology to explore the influence of consumer perceptions on customers' purchase of new energy vehicles. This paper concentrates on the operational models of several major carbon tax systems at home and abroad and provides a thorough overview of the setting of carbon tax schemes, risk management, and the economics of carbon trading in each country. Drawing on the experiences of foreign countries and regions in implementing carbon tax schemes, this paper offers suggestions on how China can design carbon tax policies to promote green consumption behavior among contemporary Chinese consumers.