Experience Of Doctors Research Articles

A Systematic Review on the Applications of Machine Learning for Fetal Birth Weight Prediction

In order to protect the maternal and infant safety, birth weight is an important indicator during fetal development. A doctor's experience in clinical practice, however, helps estimate birth weight by using empirical formulas based on the experience of the doctors. Recently, birth weights have been predicted using machine learning (ML) technologies. A machine learning model is built on the basis of a collection of attributes learns to predict predefined characteristics or results. Using a machine learning model, input and output are modeled together and then a set of models are trained on the data. It is possible to use machine learning for a variety of tasks such as predicting risks, diagnosing diseases, and classifying objects due to its scalability and flexibility, which are advantages over conventional methods. This research reviews the machine learning classification models used previously by various researchers to predict fetal weight. In this paper 85 studies were reviewed. Machine learning approach was considered as a better option to predict the fetal weight in all the studies included in this paper. The findings of this research show that the accuracy rate of using machine learning applications for fetal birth weight prediction is above 60% in all the studies reviewed.

Challenges and Benefits of Institutional Repository Sustainability in Public Libraries in Nigeria

Objective. The study investigated the challenges of Institutional Repository Sustainability in public university libraries in Nigeria. Method. A questionnaire was administered to 230 librarians from public university libraries in Nigeria. The sample of repository institutional was purposive, all registered on Open-DOAR, whether functional or non-functional. Results. The main sustainability challenges with Nigerian institutional repository were: funding, content populating, poor synergy between IT and library staff as well as lack of qualified staff, lack of sustainable Internet connectivity, electricity supply, among others. Most librarians have a doctorate and little experience in Institutional Repository Sustainability. The study also proposed recommendations for IRs. Conclusions. There is a need for a paradigm shift in the process of managing the sustainability of institutional repositories. Libraries cannot be bystanders in the economy and production of knowledge.

Occupational Health Hazard Experiences of Doctors and Nurses at a Tertiary Hospital in Bangladesh

Objective: This study aimed to explore the workplace safety experiences of health workers (doctors and nurses) at a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study among conveniently selected 305 registered physicians and nurses working in the designated tertiary hospital. After obtaining the written informed consent, data was collected using face-to-face interviews with a pre-tested, semistructured, interviewer-administered questionnaire from December 2021 to January 2022. Frequency and proportion described the variables. Result: The mean age of the participants was 28.8 years. Female individuals constituted the majority, accounting for 69.2% of the total. Approximately 69.8% of individuals reported experiencing occupational health hazards. Psychological hazards were the most frequently reported (56.1%), followed by workplace-acquired health hazards (15.7%) and physical hazards (13.8%) among all participants. While 79.0% of the participants were aware of workplace health and safety, only 7.9% received safety training, and only 7.5% reported any occupational hazard to the hospital management. Conclusion: Healthcare personnel adjust to several professional hazards in a complicated series of events, as the study shows. The complexity of the healthcare environment poses considerable psychological and health hazards. Although there is good preparedness and procedure awareness, the analysis shows some crucial resources and training still need to be improved. Therefore, some strategic actions are needed to improve healthcare professionals’ safety and well-being in the modern healthcare environment through crucial resources and training.

Theorising a connectivity mindset in doctoral candidates – using critical mobilities as a point of departure

ABSTRACT This conceptual paper considers doctoral candidate mindset and effective doctoral supervision. I explore mindset through a Critical Mobilities lens to posit two mindsets that candidates inhabit on their doctoral journey: transit and connectivity (Kesselring, (2006). Pioneering mobilities: New patterns of movement and motility in a mobile world. Environment & Planning A, 38(2), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1068/a37279). I suggest management of doctoral research in the UK and internationally predisposes doctoral candidates and their supervisors to a ‘transit mindset’ which focuses on completion. On the other hand, a ‘connectivity mindset’ of exploration better enables critical and creative thinking. While both mindsets are necessary for the production of a high-quality thesis, a connectivity mindset can be more uncomfortable for both supervisors and doctoral candidates in the context of the neoliberal performance management culture. With the aim of supporting better doctoral research and doctoral experience, the paper theorises three manifestations of connectivity mindset that supervisors may encounter. These are: ‘rhizomic thinking’ which the supervisory team can identify and support in their supervisee; the ‘nomadic space’ which is created between supervisor and supervisee when they share a connectivity mindset; and a ‘third space’ that is entered into by supervisors and supervisees, when a shared connectivity mindset incorporates personal experiences, feelings and needs. The paper concludes with six areas of focus for development of supervisory practice.

Evaluation of the satisfaction and experiences of oncology patients and doctors using teleconsultation during the COVID-19 pandemic.

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the Gustave Roussy Cancer Center introduced teleconsultation via telephone, as an alternative to face-to-face consultation to reduce patient hospital visits. This study was designed to assess patient and doctor satisfaction with this modality of care in oncology patient care during the period of the pandemic and beyond. We designed two questionnaires based on validated scores to assess satisfaction from teleconsultation in patients (EORTC OUT-PATSAT 35 and Telemedicine Satisfaction Questionnaire [TSQ] scores) and doctors (Telehealth Usability Questionnaire [TUQ]), and anxiety levels in both groups (anxiety section of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS], HADS-A). These were electronically sent to patients and doctors with experience of at least one remote consultation during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. 239 patients and 32 doctors were eligible for the analyses. In the patient group, the mean satisfaction scores were 79.5 (SD 18.1) and 74.92 (SD 15.3) for EORTC OUT-PATSAT 35 and TSQ, respectively. In the doctor group, the mean satisfaction scores were 67.1 (SD 12.7) and 64.9 (SD 13.9) for TUQ and TUQ for Skype for Business, respectively. 65.7% of patients and 81.2% of doctors had no/low anxiety. Univariable analyses in patients showed correlation of the EORTC OUT-PATSAT 35 and TSQ scores with anxiety and gender, with lower mean scores in women compared to men. Multivariable analysis showed correlation of the EORTC OUT-PATSAT 35 and TSQ scores to anxiety in both patients and doctors. Teleconsultation via telephone is an acceptable modality of care for oncology patients, with high satisfaction from its implementation during the pandemic reported by patients and doctors. This was consistent across responder groups with different characteristics. An individualized approach to patients should be implemented for the safe and effective use of teleconsultation in oncology beyond the pandemic.

Gender, flexibility and workforce in the NHS: A qualitative study.

Data from the General Medical Council show that the number of female doctors registered to practise in the UK continues to grow at a faster rate than the number of male doctors. Our research critically discusses the impact of this gender-based shift, considering how models of medical training are still ill-suited to supporting equity and inclusivity within the workforce, with particular impacts for women despite this gender shift. Drawing on data from our research project Mapping underdoctored areas: the impact of medical training pathways on NHS workforce distribution and health inequalities, this paper explores the experiences of doctors working in the NHS, considering how policies around workforce and beyond have impacted people's willingness and ability to continue in their chosen career path. There is clear evidence that women are underrepresented in some specialties such as surgery, and at different career stages including in senior leadership roles, and our research focuses on the structural factors that contribute to reinforcing these under-representations. Medical education and training are known to be formative points in doctors' lives, with long-lasting impacts for NHS service provision. By understanding in detail how these pathways inadvertently shape where doctors live and work, we will be able to consider how best to change existing systems to provide patients with timely and appropriate access to healthcare. We take a cross-disciplinary theoretical approach, bringing historical, spatiotemporal and sociological insights to healthcare problems. Here, we draw on our first 50 interviews with practising doctors employed in the NHS in areas that struggle to recruit and retain doctors, and explore the gendered nature of career biographies. We also pay attention to the ways in which doctors carve their own career pathways out of, or despite of, personal and professional disruptions.

Doctors' perspectives on the quality of medical imaging in public hospitals in eThekwini District.

There is a paucity of literature on perspectives of referring doctors about the quality of medical imaging services and this study closes this gap in literature. This quality assurance (QA) study aimed to explore the perspectives of doctors on the quality of medical imaging services in selected regional hospitals within eThekwini District of KwaZulu-Natal. The study was conducted in four public regional hospitals. An exploratory descriptive qualitative research design involving 30 min-45 min of in-depth individual interviews was used. A purposive sampling technique was used to select research participants and hospitals to ensure adequate responses to the research questions. The sample involved nine participants and was guided by data saturation. Responses were recorded through notes and voice recordings and thematic analysis was used to analyse data. Three main themes (timeliness of examinations, communication and radiology reports and image quality) and eight subthemes (waiting times, shortage of radiographers, workload, communication between doctors and radiographers, requisition forms, unavailability of radiology reports, clarity of images and image acquisition protocols) emerged from the data. Challenges experienced were exacerbated by high workload and shortage of radiologists and radiographers. Doctors in the data collection sites were mainly dissatisfied with services provided by the medical imaging departments. Regular engagements between medical imaging departments and doctors are important in enhancing the provision of quality care to patients. In-service training of radiographers and employment of additional radiographers and finding solutions to mitigate shortage of radiologists are recommended. This quality assurance (QA) study focused on experiences of doctors while many other medical imaging QA studies in South Africa are equipment based. In-service training of radiographers is recommended to improve image quality and communication skills.

Predictive Analysis in Nephrology: Evaluating Machine Learning Models for Chronic Kidney Disease Prediction

Abstract: In the realm of healthcare, early detection and accurate diagnosis are critical for effective treatment, especially for diseases that are often undiagnosed until later stages. This research presents an Automated Classification System focused on Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), a prevalent condition frequently undetected in its early stages. Leveraging advanced machine learning techniques, the study aims to overcome the traditional reliance on doctors' intuition and experience by providing a data-driven approach for CKD diagnosis. Utilizing a comprehensive dataset, the research explores various data pre-processing methods, including innovative approaches for handling missing values and data integrity, which surpass the conventional mean and mode-based imputation methods prevalent in existing literature. Through exploratory data analysis and the application of diverse machine learning algorithms, the study seeks to identify the most effective model for predicting CKD risk. The findings of this research have significant implications for enhancing clinical decisions, offering a path towards more accessible, efficient, and accurate diagnosis of Chronic Kidney Disease, ultimately contributing to improved patient outcomes and healthcare practices

The Opinions and Working Experiences of Doctors from Different Branches of Medicine Working in Turkey Concerning Speech and Language Pathologists

Objective: This study aimed to examine the thoughts, knowledge, collaborative processes, and experiences of doctors in different branches of medicine, as these comprise the occupational groups in which speech-language pathologists/therapists (SLPs) work in interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary capacities. 
 Material and Method: A Google survey was created focusing on the opinions about and working experiences of doctors in different branches of medicine working in Turkey with SLPs. The questionnaire consisted of 18 questions and four parts. 
 Results: The study was conducted with 116 doctors, 28.4% of whom were neurologists, 28.4% were otorhinolaryngologists, 21.6% were pediatricians, and 21.6% were other specialists. Only 25.9% (n=30) have worked with an SLP before. Speech sound disorders, fluent speech disorders, and developmental language disorders were the most frequently chosen SLP study areas among all the specialties in which doctors in all branches of medicine work. The lowest number of doctors chose swallowing disorders, followed by cognitive communication disorders and X-linked language disorders, as the field of work of SLPs. 
 Conclusion: It was found that the number of SLPs working in doctors' institutions, the level of cooperation between doctors and SLPs, and doctors' knowledge about the working areas of SLPs were low. It has been observed that physicians' awareness, especially in swallowing and cognitive communication disorders, is lacking. A strong partnership between physicians and SLPs is vital for appropriate service delivery to patients. For this reason, the number of SLPs working in institutions should be increased, as should the level of knowledge among doctors in different branches of medicine concerning SLPs’ services.

On the role and perspectives of diagnostic improvement of infectious diseases in forensic medical practice

Postmortem verification of an infectious disease in forensic medical practice is crucial in solving several problems faced by both the doctor conducting the examination and healthcare system, from the regional to the international level. This review presents an analysis of scientific studies on the possibilities of postmortem diagnosis of infectious diseases. Foreign and domestic experience of forensic doctors in conditions of the threat and spread of highly contagious diseases and emerging infections is shown, as well as an overview of approaches to organizing safe working environment in the forensic medical examination bureau.

Implementing HLA-B*58:01 testing prior to allopurinol initiation in Malaysian primary care setting: A qualitative study from doctors' and patients' perspective.

Allopurinol, the first-line treatment for chronic gout, is a common causative drug for severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCAR). HLA-B*58:01 allele was strongly associated with allopurinol-induced SCAR in Asian countries such as Taiwan, Japan, Thailand and Malaysia. HLA-B*58:01 screening before allopurinol initiation is conditionally recommended in the Southeast-Asian population, but the uptake of this screening is slow in primary care settings, including Malaysia. This study aimed to explore the views and experiences of primary care doctors and patients with gout on implementing HLA-B*58:01 testing in Malaysia as part of a more extensive study exploring the feasibility of implementing it routinely. This qualitative study used in-depth interviews and focus group discussions to obtain information from patients with gout under follow-up in primary care and doctors who cared for them. Patients and doctors shared their gout management experiences and views on implementing HLA-B*58:01 screening in primary care. Data were coded and analysed using thematic analysis. 18 patients and 18 doctors from three different healthcare settings (university hospital, public health clinics, private general practitioner clinics) participated. The acceptability to HLA-B*58:01 screening was good among the doctors and patients. We discovered inadequate disclosure of severe side effects of allopurinol by doctors due to concerns about medication refusal by patients, which could potentially be improved by introducing HLA-B*58:01 testing. Barriers to implementation included out-of-pocket costs for patients, the cost-effectiveness of this implementation, lack of established alternative treatment pathway besides allopurinol, counselling burden and concern about genetic data security. Our participants preferred targeted screening for high-risk populations instead of universal screening. Implementing HLA-B*58:01 testing in primary care is potentially feasible if a cost-effective, targeted screening policy on high-risk groups can be developed. A clear treatment pathway for patients who test positive should be made available.

‘That's just how medicine is': A remote ethnographic study of Ireland's failure to meet the core work needs of its hospital doctors

This study focuses on hospital doctors' experiences of work during the pandemic. The context is the Irish health system, under considerable strain due to the pandemic and a legacy of austerity/under-funding. Although medicine is considered a prestigious job, hospital doctors often endure challenging working conditions and work-life imbalance. In this paper we consider how a narrative of ‘medicine-as-vocation’ is used to excuse challenging working conditions and to impede change. West and Coia (2019) proposed a set of core work needs required to support doctor wellbeing and minimise work-related stress, i.e. autonomy/control, belonging and competence and these are applied as a lens to examine the everyday work experiences of respondent hospital doctors. Data collection was conducted in 2021 using a remote ethnographic method – Mobile Instant Messaging Ethnography (MIME) - developed by the research team to enable data collection at a time of pandemic restrictions (Humphries, Byrne, et al, 2022). Twenty-eight hospital doctors were recruited for the study. Each respondent was interviewed twice and engaged in a 12-week conversation with the research team via WhatsApp. We report hospital doctors' experiences of heavy workloads, weak line management and the challenges of influencing change at work. Overall, the findings presented demonstrate the myriad ways that Ireland is failing to meet the core work needs of its hospital doctors and how ‘medicine-as-vocation’ is used to justify organisational neglect.

Multi-purposed diagnostic system for ovarian endometrioma using CNN and transformer networks in ultrasound

ObjectiveOvarian endometrioma (OMA) is one of the most common ovarian cysts worldwide, seriously impairing the reproductive function of females. Accurate diagnosis is of great significance for appropriate clinical treatment. Nowadays, the definitive diagnosis of OMA is based on its clinical manifestations, while ultrasound is widely employed as a routine diagnostic modality for OMA. However, the ultrasound diagnosis of OMA, which has various challenges, is contingent upon the expertise and experience of doctors. MethodsTo overcome this, we propose an automated method based on deep learning, which performs cyst segmentation and binary OMA (i.e. OMA and non-OMA) classification simultaneously. The features provided by the segmentation branch are fused with the classification features with the assistance of the attention mechanism. In this manner, the classification branch can better focus on the cyst regions of the image and learn more specific information, thereby improving the accuracy of classification. ResultsWe evaluate the method on an extensive dataset containing 1501 images. The proposed model achieved a classification accuracy of 91.36 % and a Dice score of 85.42 %, which outperformed several popular networks involved in this study. What’s more, further reader study revealed that our model demonstrates comparable performance with that of the senior doctors, while superior to that of the junior doctors. Conclusion and significanceTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first deep learning method specially designed for OMA diagnosis. This indicates that our model has the potential to assist junior doctors in improving their diagnostic accuracy.

Synergistic advancements: fostering collaborative excellence in doctoral education

Doctoral education in Africa is a rigorous journey that demands unwavering commitment from both students and mentors. It involves original research aimed at contributing new knowledge to the academic realm, making it a formidable scholarly pursuit. The pivotal players in this endeavor are the students, their mentors, and the higher education institutions. This paper delves into the strategies and recommendations for enhancing excellence in doctoral education across Africa. One significant approach is fostering entrepreneurship among doctoral students, empowering them to develop businesses and cultivating an innovative culture to broaden their career prospects. Additionally, robust academic support systems play a crucial role, encompassing services like academic writing centers, article writing workshops, and well-structured mentoring programs. These resources bolster research and writing skills, aid in crafting research proposals, and facilitate publishing, thereby boosting students’ self-esteem. International partnerships offer opportunities for academic mobility, through scholarships, exchange programs, and funding. This international exposure fosters cross-cultural understanding and academic excellence. Collaborations, both with academia and industry, enable problem-solving and interdisciplinary research, further enriching the doctoral experience. Exchange programs serve dual purposes by providing funding and ensuring quality standards are met in doctoral programs. These measures collectively contribute to the advancement of excellence in doctoral education in Africa, nurturing a skilled workforce capable of driving innovation and development on the continent. This theoretical paper relies on extensive scrutiny of reputable sources and accredited journals. The findings emphasize the significance of collaborations and academic support systems in achieving academic success, which, in turn, leads to entrepreneurship, job creation, and wealth generation. Adequate funding and motivated supervisors and students are foundational elements for a thriving doctoral program. Overall, these interventions and recommendations pave the way for Africa’s doctoral students to reach their full potential, contributing to the continent’s growth and prosperity.

A Study on the Traditional Culture and Family Style Ideological and Political Education of Young Doctors in the New Era

The key and essence of ideological and political education lies in integrating theory with practice, leaving the classroom and campus, and integrating into social life. This article elaborates on how to strengthen the family culture and excellent traditional cultural curriculum ideological and political construction of young doctors under the new situation, thereby promoting the internalization of medical ethics and medical ethics into the spiritual pursuit of young doctors, promoting the harmonious relationship between doctors and patients in the new era, exploring and utilizing various resources contained in ideological and political courses to carry out curriculum ideological and political work, and providing a summary of practical experience for young doctors in China to strengthen traditional culture and family culture cultivation.

State and NGO coproduction of health care in the Gran Chaco

The collaboration between state and civil society in the delivery of public services is paramount to sustainable and participatory development in rural areas with marginalized populations. Previous research identified complementarity and embeddedness as two essential features of successful coproduction. However, most of the literature on coproduction studies users and providers who share the same language and culture, even if power asymmetries are high. We combine the literatures on non-state social welfare provision and on coproduction to analyze a collaboration between states and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in multicultural and multilingual contexts. In such contexts, we argue, embeddedness requires not only language interpreters but also intercultural policies and training, without which the benefits of coproduction are lost in translation.Our study is based on a recent collaboration between the states of Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay and two health care NGOs that provide prenatal care to women in the Gran Chaco. In this region, a large portion of the population is Indigenous and maternal and infant mortality are high. Based on participant observation and in-depth interviews, combined with observational data, we analyze the experiences of public health care providers and NGO doctors involved in the intervention. We evaluate if there is complementarity between the state and the NGOs regarding access to preventive health care, diagnosis and treatment, and human resources in the health sector. Finally, we analyze whether state or NGO actors are embedded in local civil society or Indigenous communities. We find that this medical intervention significantly improves access to and delivery of health care to pregnant women, and promotes attention to neglected diseases such as Chagas. It also improves local human resources in the health sector. Despite these benefits, it lacks an intercultural approach to health care, limiting its potential, but also opening new opportunities for future research and practice.

Quantification of factors influencing differences in the Case Mix Index and their significance for health systems sustainability

Case Mix Index (CMI) represents a standard indicator of hospital disease seriousness at both the national and international level. CMI is structured to compute hospital payments and not to follow up disease seriousness. It is considerably related to the data accuracy as well as patients’ medical records. The main aim of the study was to quantify the factors influencing the differences in CMI depending on the types of healthcare facilities, their geographical location, as well as the procedural aspects within the Slovak healthcare system. We use data published by the Institute for Economic and Social Reforms, which continuously surveys the quality and outputs of healthcare provided in the Slovak Republic. The data comes from multiple datasets that are issued by healthcare authorities and stakeholders is the Slovak Republic such as insurance companies, the Ministry of Health of the Slovak Republic, the Ministry of Finance of the Slovak Republic, healthcare facilities, the National Health Information Centre etc. Regression analysis indicates that the positive impact on the Case Mix Index is possessed by the Operating experience of doctors and Overall inpatients satisfaction; whilst the negative impact on Case Mix Index values is documented for variables Total rehospitalisation within 30 d, Intensive care unit mortality, Economy, and Transparency.

‘I don't belong anywhere’: Identity and professional development in SAS doctors

Specialist, associate specialist and specialty (SAS) doctors constitute a marginalised professional group who can struggle to achieve the professional development they desire. Our primary objective was to understand, from a theoretically informed perspective, the ways in which the professional identity of SAS doctors influences their professional development opportunities, including through appraisal. Ten UK SAS doctors participated in in-depth, narrative interviews. Participants were drawn from six medical specialities, and ranged in experience (2.5–15 years) and country of primary medical qualification. Interview transcripts were analysed via critical discourse analysis using Figured Worlds theory. The position of SAS doctors within the Figured World was at times unstable, ambiguous and context dependent. They were often relative outsiders, not immediately trusted by colleagues. Some found their development needs eclipsed by the priorities of colleagues, typically consultants and postgraduate trainees. Appraisal was often not perceived to have successfully addressed these issues. This study enhances our understanding of the lived experience of SAS doctors, which is often in stark contrast to formal policy on the range of roles that they can fulfil. The struggles and successes of SAS doctors described here suggest that there is scope to improve the professional status and professional development opportunities for SAS doctors, including through appraisal.

In the shoes of junior doctors: a qualitative exploration of job performance using the job-demands resources model.

This qualitative study aimed to explore the factors affecting job performance amongst junior doctors working for public healthcare institutions in Singapore. Within these institutions, junior doctors experience challenges with maintaining a balance in job demands and resources, leading to strain. Exploring the lived experiences of these junior doctors is essential when reviewing workplace and organizational factors that contribute to stress on an individual level, providing valuable insights to address these challenges effectively. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 junior doctors in Singapore, ranging from house officers to senior residents. Framework analysis was performed on transcribed de-identified interviews to identify themes deductively based on the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) Model. Themes were identified and contextualized based on the exiting JD-R model. These themes shed light on how work demands, resources and personal factors influence the job performance of junior doctors and job satisfaction. The study offers valuable insights into the specific issues disrupting the job demands and resource balance in Singapore Public Healthcare Institutions and their correlation with job performance. Our data suggests that job performance may be associated with job satisfaction. By understanding these factors, targeted efforts can be developed to improve working conditions for junior doctors, fostering their growth and engagement within the public healthcare system.

Socialization Into and Through Doctoral Programs in Adapted Physical Activity.

This study examined doctoral students' occupational socialization experiences in U.S. adapted physical activity doctoral programs. Twenty-eight doctoral students were recruited and participated in semistructured, in-depth interviews. Interview transcripts were analyzed through a collaborative qualitative analysis, which resulted in the construction of four themes: (a)early socialization experiences foster a positive, but limited impression of physical education and physical activity; (b)doctoral education is pursued to have a greater impact on the disability community; (c)relationships with socializing agents provide support during doctoral education; and (d)coursework and learning in the community facilitate preparation for faculty roles. The findings indicate that there are several similarities between doctoral students and their peers in other doctoral degree programs. Some of these similarities point to issues that may concern prospective doctoral students and faculty members in adapted physical activity terminal degree programs.