Experience Of Conflict Research Articles

With a little help from my (her) friends: The role of friend support on the negative effects of work engagement for married couples

In this study, we examine an employee's personal social support received from friends and how it may benefit not only that employee, but also her or his spouse. By examining this unique source of support, we contribute to our understanding of the work-family interface and how this might differ for husbands and wives. Using social support resource theory as a theoretical framework, we theorize that social support from friends insulates employees from the resource depletion related to high work engagement that contributes to emotional exhaustion and depression through its effects on work-to-family conflict. Integrating insights from crossover theory, we also predict that a spouse's resource depletion will be reduced in strength when the focal employee enjoys stronger social support from friends. The results of a study of 176 dual-earner married couples across two time periods supported our predictions that personal social support from friends diminished experienced conflict; however, wives' social support from friends played a moderating role for men while this effect did not hold for women, suggesting that these processes operate differently for men and women when we consider them as a married couple and examine the crossover of spouse's social support from friends. We conclude by discussing implications of these results for theory and practice.

Observational-based study to explore pedestrian crossing behaviors at signalized and unsignalized crosswalks

Despite many studies on exploring the behaviors of pedestrians crossing the road, there is a need for comprehensive studies that identify the factors that may influence pedestrians crossing behavior at signalized and unsignalized intersections. This study aims to comprehensively examine the influence of gender, age group, group-crossing, technological devices and carrying items on pedestrians crossing behaviors at signalized and unsignalized crosswalks simultaneously. Observational data of 552 pedestrians at two signalized and two unsignalized crosswalks in Tehran were collected. Temporal and spatial violations, conflict experience and collision avoidance, situational awareness, and pedestrians crossing speed were used as pedestrians crossing behaviors indicators. To model crossing behaviors, linear mixed models (LMMs) and Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) with fixed-effect approach were applied for the continuous outcome (pedestrians’ crossing speed) and binary outcomes, respectively. Phi and Cramer's V coefficients were used to avoid multicollinearity. Results showed that traffic checks before and while crossing showed a high positive correlation with crossing at “don’t walk” and flashing “don’t walk” signals and conflict experience at signalized crosswalks. As compared to females, males started their crossing more on flashing “don’t walk” signal and crossed the crosswalk faster. Older pedestrians exhibited more cautious behaviors at signalized intersections but less in unsignalized intersections. Alone pedestrians behaved more cautiously than groups and crossed the crosswalk more quickly. Using technological devices, regardless of their types, caused pedestrians to not exhibit one or more safe crossing indicators considered in this study. Pedestrians talking on their phones had the least cautious behaviors. Pedestrians listening to music mostly looked at the ground or straight direction rather than looking left-right for traffic. The findings from this study are a valuable resource to road authorities and policy makers to develop appropriate targeted strategies to prevent pedestrians’ injuries and fatalities and improve crosswalks safety.

Percepciones intergrupales y atribuciones causales de conflictos socioambientales por gerentes mineros

The unprecedented mining boom of the 1990s in Latin America may or may have not contributed to socioeconomic development in the region, but it has certainly been accompanied by increased socio-environmental conflicts. Economists and sociologists have developed taxonomies for such conflicts and have attempted to explain them based on theories of resource mobilization, rational options, social cohesion, and identity construction applied to settings of generally extreme poverty. This study developed and tested psychological hypotheses based on personal values, attribution theory, reputational concern of the firm, intergroup threat theory, and UV radiation theory entailing mining managers’ reactions to socio-environmental conflicts in Peru and effects of latitude and altitude. Forty-three Corporate Social Responsibility managers of the 49 mining corporations registered in the Society of Mining, Petroleum, and Energy of Peru filled-in a 20-minute questionnaire in the presence of one of the investigators at company offices (December 2017). 100 % of respondents were male, most of them middle-aged. A 3-factor structure of political, economic, and ecological concerns sustained the attributions of cause whereas mine’s surrounding populations were perceived as moral, incompetent, and positive; in balance, these perceptions represent favorable conditions for conflict resolution. However, contrary to expectations, firm’s experience of socio-environmental conflicts was not associated with these outcomes. Rather, geography emerged as a moderator of the relationship between the level of socio-environmental conflict experienced and managers’ perceptions of the surrounding populations. These results suggest that mining managers more affected by socio-environmental conflict strengthened racial stereotypes in response to the external challenge.

Humanitarian Remains: Erasure and the Everyday of Camp Life in Northern Uganda

Abstract The impacts of protracted displacement can be understood through the spatial and material afterlives of war. In the context of Northern Uganda, the experiences of conflict that are interpreted in memorialisation are often reflected of how governments and aid agencies administered life during war. This article examines leftover aid rations, archives, former displacement camp sites and even unmarked graves as evidence to better understand what happens when people try to return “to normal” after decades of war between the Government of Uganda and the Lord’s Resistance Army. It asks what narrative and material erasure implies for survivors who seek to create memorials to reflect on the war and have come to find that the past has been destroyed. Understanding how forgetting occurs, whether intentional or not, illuminates the difficulty of using archival material or artefacts as tools for remembrance projects. The article undertakes an examination of the everyday experiences of displacement and traces of aid assistance to show how memorial efforts can better make sense the past in the present.

Motivating sustainability through morality: A daily diary study on the link between moral self-control and clothing consumption

Extensive research has documented the frequent gap between people's intentions to perform environmentally significant behavior and their actual behavior. Despite this, limited research has empirically unpacked the processes and conditions under which people's environmental considerations influence behavior and when they do not. The present research sought to meet this research need by investigating the influence of moral and environmental considerations on purchasing decisions related to clothing consumption. In doing so, we embedded environmental considerations within the broader concept of morality and drew upon self-control research to develop a conceptual model of moral self-control comprising moral considerations, conflict, resistance, and purchase. The conceptual model was assessed using data from a large two-week diary study (N = 594; nobs = 7,880) conducted in the United Kingdom. A multilevel path model at the within-person level revealed that moral considerations were associated with stronger conflict experiences, more frequent attempts to resist clothing desires, and less frequent clothing purchasing. These findings highlight the processes through which moral (and environmental) considerations exert their influence on clothing purchasing decisions, as well as help pinpoint when and why people sometimes fail to act in accordance with their moral and biospheric values.

Troubled Generations? (De)Constructing Narratives of Youth Experience in the Northern Ireland Conflict

This article explores how youth experiences of the Northern Irish ‘Troubles’ have been dominantly imagined within post-conflict memory. Tracing representations of the young as innocent targets or potentially endangering combatants, it concentrates on those imaginaries which characterise individuals who grew up in the conflict as the members of ‘troubled generations.’ Drawing on oral history interviews with those who grew up in Belfast during the 1970s and 1980s, it addresses how such representations may obscure the broader ‘messiness’ of everyday youth experience in popular memory and in doing so contribute to a hierarchy of the ‘speakable’ and the ‘hearable’ which affects the articulation of memories at a personal level. The article concludes by suggesting scholars pay closer attention both to how dominant memory discourses may de-limit the complexities of lived experiences of violence, but also the (de)constructive potential of personal narratives spoken alongside, through, and in excess of, dominant historical imaginaries.

The impact of education selection according to notions of intelligence: A systematic literature review

This paper reports on a systematic review of how intelligence-based classification within schools shapes lives and identities of individuals, families and communities. Formal education has long divided learners, formally and informally between and within schools. These practices have remained in place despite strong evidence to suggest they are problematic, both in relation to the equitable nature of the practices involved and in their impact upon pedagogy, expectations and outcomes. This review examined what was known about the impact of intelligence-based selection upon people's lived experience, in the short term and longitudionally.From 3643 possible papers published since 1944, only 85 had a focus upon children's schooling, intelligence-based selection, and the lives and identities of individuals, families or communities. It was evident that very little consideration has been given to longitudinal impact of selection practices, including a paucity of life history approaches.Three broad strands of intelligence classification research were evident related to:•entrance examinations/criteria/Standardised Assessment Tests (SATS)•gifted and talented•streaming/setting/trackingwith most concentrating upon a single selection mechanism and quantitative measures. Looking across these strands, educational selection was seen to impact on people's lives, identities and relationships, creating and perpetuating social hierarchies and divisions. It was overall a conflicted experience with more negative effects than positive. However, the literature largely failed to investigate the broader, interconnected influences of the knowledge hierarchy and its impact upon people's lived experiences.

Artillery intelligence in the army of the xxi century

The experience of modern military conflicts shows that artillery intelligence plays an important role in the reliable and effective destruction of enemy targets. To do this, a number of requirements are placed on artillery intelligence. Therefore, this article presents the modern means of artillery intelligence, the requirements for them and relevant suggestions for its improvement in the interests of casualties. Modern military conflicts are characterized by speed, rapid change of the situation and the need to make non-standard decisions. By meeting such requirements, the battle can be won. This will require the correct application of the methods and techniques of effective use of means of loss transmission.

Metaphors in the Making: Illuminating the Process of Arts-Based Health Research Through a Case Exemplar Linking Arts-Based, Qualitative and Quantitative Research Data

Background: The potentials of arts-based health research are increasingly being realized as an approach to understanding and communicating the complexities of the human experience of health and illness. Despite this, arts-based health research often remains shrouded in obscurity, limiting its potential utility. Arts-based health research offers unique opportunities to integrate evidence of patients’ lived experience with other forms of research evidence to improve understanding and knowledge translation, but transparent descriptions of this praxis are generally lacking. In response, this article offers methodological insight and guidance through an in-depth case exemplar of an arts-based health research process linking qualitative research with diverse evidence sources in the context of frailty research. Methods: Responding to research data generated within a Centre of Research Excellence in Frailty and Healthy Ageing, we adopted a researcher-as-practitioner stance to produce research-based artworks to integrate and communicate conflicting research findings. We structure this process according to Ecker’s seven domains of qualitative inquiry, demonstrating parallels between the arts-based research and qualitative inquiry processes and offering opportunities for engaging with “evidence misalignments” resulting from incongruent evidence sources. Findings: Arts-based health research can enable meaningful reflection upon, integration, and communication of “evidence-misalignments” in research spanning the health and social sciences. Such misalignments are problematic when the lived experience of health and illness conflicts with other empirical evidence, including gold standard evidence guiding treatment decisions. These in turn, can function as plausible barriers to self management and to achievement of health outcomes. Interpretation: Through the researcher-as-practitioner lens, and with an orientation to production, this work engaged with a new means of materiality—one that extends beyond text and numerical representations—and whose meaning and connections may not be immediately apparent. These relationships change how the researchers-practitioner engages with, understands, explores, and represents concepts, enabling epistemological and ontological gains of benefit to the health and social sciences.

EDUCATIONAL POLICY AND BRITISH IDENTITY FORMATION AT THE NATIONAL OUTSKIRTS

Addressing historical cases has not only academic but also political significance, especially if the current agenda is largely determined by the rhetoric and experience of conflicts rooted in history. In this regard, the article focuses on the nature, forms and consequences of British educational policy on the national outskirts in Modern times in the formation of British identity, which supported the practice of national and state building at the ideological level both within the United Kingdom and within the British Empire. Specific historical and contemporary examples demonstrate the possibilities and limitations of educational policy as a humanitarian technology for strengthening the ideological and rhetorical foundations of Great Britain as a multinational and complex public entity. The study focuses on the Scottish case which has the deepest historically roots; its analysis allows a more detailed study of the relationship between the educational strategies of the authorities in the past and their consequences in the present, taking into account the prospects for a second referendum on Scottish independence in the context of Britain’s exit from the European Union.

Analysis of ethnic differences of Iranian sports fans in the variables of Islamic cohesion, national identity, and perception of sports success

Iran is a country with different ethnicities and religions and some negative experiences of conflicts throughout history. It is believed that; Sports success is a factor in the greater convergence of a country's citizens. This article analyzes the ethnic differences of Iranian sports fans in Islamic cohesion, national identity, and perception of sports success. The research was a descriptive survey. The statistical population was all Iranians interested in national sports, 968 of whom participated in the study voluntarily. The research instruments were the researcher-made questionnaire of Perception of Sports Success, the National Identity Questionnaire of Hear and James (2007), and the Islamic Cohesion Questionnaire of Baghbanian and Morowat (2011). The content and face validity of the questionnaires were confirmed by the professors and their reliability was calculated with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.78, 0.88, and 0.83, respectively. The test of hypotheses showed that; the variables of Islamic cohesion and national identity have a statistically significant difference between Shiite and Sunni respondents (P <0.05). The variables of Islamic cohesion and national identity also had a statistically significant difference between the respondents of ethnic groups (P <0.05) while there was no statistically significant difference in the perception of sporting success between the respondents of different ethnic groups and religious groups (P <0.05). The findings of the study emphasized the positive functions of sports success in the convergence of more religious and ethnic groups in the country.

Feminist-Pragmatist Reflections on the Filial Obligations of a Filipina American Daughter

In this essay, I reflect on the contradictions that arise from a personal experience of conflict with my father and the clash of traditional Filipino gender norms in the context of the practice of name changes within the institution of marriage and intersecting feminist critiques of patriarchy. My understanding of the Tagalog amor propio is self-love or self-pride within Filipino culture and signifies one's authority, place, and meaning in the community. As a concept of authority, amor propio encourages practices of respect toward the authority figure. In the context of the home, amor propio is attributed to the father, and members of the family ought to respect his amor propio. This essay examines my own conflicted relationship with my father and my attempts to navigate the complex terrain of amor propio, as a Filipina, feminist/peminist, dutiful daughter. Filipino immigrant families face distinct challenges within family life owing to globalization, colonialism, and racism, so I find Jane Addams's social ethics of filial relations helpful in framing the tension between individual and social claims within the specific cultural values expected of Filipina women as dutiful daughters. Addams's feminist social sensibilities in her work at Hull House were attuned to the plight of daughters and the conflicting claims of the family emergent within the crowded immigrant neighborhoods in Chicago. She was able to articulate and sympathetically understand the generational divide within immigrant families at Hull House and sought to bridge these differences within the context of the family. I reflect on her work in my own experience as a dutiful Filipina daughter.

Youth self-construction processes in a drug treatment center on the periphery of Mexico City

In this paper, I reflect on the various forms of masculinity narrated by young women and men participating in non-mixed workshops in a peripheral evangelical drug treatment center in Mexico City, and how these masculinities are perpetrated by the institutions central to their lives. Through the collective space of the workshops, youths expressed a subjective experience of conflict filled with shame and the feeling of vulnerability, expressions that are differentiated by gender roles: that is, what is considered feminine and masculine and shapes the relationship between men and women. This creates and conditions forms of behaviour (for example, the use of violence and docility); priorities which affects their expectations and dreams - whether the search for status or motherhood; and, access to specific social positions (within or outside the institutions). Youths contrasted the experience of being locked up in a drug treatment center with the liberty they experienced on the street; they described their bodies before and after the treatment and following the institutional discourse, they qualify themselves as "sick" because of their addiction. Yet, their drawings and narratives also express self-construction projects and dreams free of violence, where they describe themselves as being supported by a network of care which includes God, kinship figures, and institutional role models.

The Effect of Un-tact Emotional Schema Group Counseling Program on the Improvement of Emotional Ability of Unmarried Couples with Relationship Conflict Experiences

The Effect of Un-tact Emotional Schema Group Counseling Program on the Improvement of Emotional Ability of Unmarried Couples with Relationship Conflict Experiences

노인일자리 참여 노인의 갈등 경험에 관한 근거이론 연구 : 고령친화마을 만들기를 중심으로

노인일자리 참여 노인의 갈등 경험에 관한 근거이론 연구 : 고령친화마을 만들기를 중심으로

Keeping Work and Family Separate: A Serial Mediation Analysis of Social Workers’ Work–Family Segmentation, Work–Family Enrichment and Job Performance in Australia

AbstractWith increased blurring of boundaries between work and family lives, work–family segmentation has been suggested as an effective work–life strategy for social workers who are involved in complex human service work, to reduce work–family conflict and enhance work–family enrichment. Yet, numerous studies have examined social workers’ work–family conflict experiences, and only a few have focussed on social workers’ work–family enrichment experiences. Correspondingly, drawing on boundary theory, conservation of resources theory and work–family enrichment theory, we investigated how family-to-work enrichment and work-to-family enrichment help social workers to benefit from work–family segmentation to increase their job performance. Using an online survey of Australian social workers (n = 504), we tested the impact of work–family segmentation on the job performance of social workers through family-to-work-enrichment and work-to-family enrichment. The study found evidence for the positive impact of work–family segmentation in helping social workers to experience family-to-work enrichment and work-to-family enrichment, thereby enhancing their job performance. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings for social workers, supervisors and the social service agencies are discussed.

The Role of Power in Health Care Conflict: Recommendations for Shifting Toward Constructive Approaches.

The combination of power and conflict is frequently reported to have a detrimental impact on communication and on patient care, and it is avoided and perceived negatively by health care professionals. In view of recent recommendations to explicitly address power and conflict in health professions education, adopting more constructive approaches toward power and conflict may be helpful. This study examined the role of power in conflicts between health care professionals in different cultural contexts to make recommendations for promoting more constructive approaches. The authors used social bases of power (positional, expert, informational, reward, coercive, referent) identified in the literature to examine the role of power in conflicts between health care professionals in different cultural settings. They drew upon semistructured interviews conducted from 2013 to 2016 with 249 health care professionals working at health centers in the United States, Switzerland, and Hungary, in which participants shared stories of conflict they had experienced with coworkers. The authors used a directed approach to content analysis to analyze the data. The social bases of power tended to be comparable across sites and included positional, expert, and coercive power. The rigid hierarchies that divide health care professionals, their professions, and their specialties contributed to negative experiences in conflicts. In addition, the presence of an audience, such as supervisors, coworkers, patients, and patients' families, prevented health care professionals from addressing conflicts when they occurred, resulting in conflict escalation. These findings suggest that fostering more positive approaches toward power and conflict could be achieved by using social bases of power such as referent power and by addressing conflicts in a more private, backstage, manner.

Experiences of Family Conflict in Shelter-Residing Runaway Youth: A Phenomenological Study

Family conflict is the most significant factor that causes adolescents to run away from home. This study explored the experiences of family conflict from the perspective of Korean runaway youth. We conducted a qualitative phenomenological study using in-depth interviews with nine female runaway youth. Audio-recorded interview data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using the Colaizzi method. We found that the participants had experienced complex family conflicts since early childhood, such as parental conflict and mental health issues, abuse, neglect, lack of parental understanding, and poverty. Participants had negative emotions and coping problems regarding family conflict(s), before leaving home. After running away, they experienced ambivalent feelings, and felt both hatred and compassion towards their parents. Their experiences influenced their thoughts regarding future family relationships. Understanding the viewpoint of runaway youth in terms of family conflict can assist in the development of interventions designed for such youth.

Feeling right about doing right, even if it was difficult? Emotional and behavioral consequences of conflict during ethical consumer decision‐making

AbstractMany consumer choices nowadays involve ethical considerations (e.g., when buying clothes consumers can often choose between a standard and an ethically produced collection). Previous work has shown that how people feel after such ethically connotated consumer choices is a central determinant of their future ethical consumer behavior. However, most of that research focuses on the effect of choice outcomes (ethical vs. unethical product) on emotional and behavioral reactions. Challenging this outcome‐focused approach, the present paper proposes that the experience of conflict (e.g., between ethical goals vs. self‐interest) during decision‐making has a significant additional effect on emotional reactions and future behavior. Results from one fully powered, preregistered study (N = 383) showed that conflict strength predicted increased negative post‐choice emotions and reduced choice satisfaction. Importantly, this pattern occurred for ethical as well as unethical choice outcomes. Conflict also increased the likelihood of making the opposite choice in a subsequent ethical consumer choice situation—again independent of participants' prior choice. Those results are an important extension of previous work as they highlight the importance of taking experienced conflict into account when predicting post‐choice emotions and future ethical consumer behavior.

Counsellors' experiences of ethical conflicts working in IAPT

ABSTRACT This qualitative study of 15 relational counsellors explores the experiences and ethical quandaries of counsellors working within an IAPT service. The data was analysed using the Voice Relational Method [Brown, L. M. & Gilligan, C. (1993). Meeting at the crossroads: Women's psychology and girls' development. Feminism & Psychology, 3(1), 11--35]. Three main themes were identified: client experience, counsellor experience and relationships. Findings indicate that the therapeutic relationship with clients is crucial, but there is often a disparity between working as a relational counsellor and the expectations and demands of working within IAPT; a pressure on doing and achieving goals rather than a focus on the therapy relationship. Supportive managers were essential to enable counsellors to balance IAPT expectations with ethical and therapeutic relationships with clients. This research also questions the ethical basis of the IAPT system.