Trading Experience Research Articles

‘[Peers Give] You Hope that You Can Change Too': Peers’ Helping Relationships for Women Exiting Street-based Sex Trade

ABSTRACT A growing body of research demonstrates that peer support can facilitate drug use and mental health recovery and reduce health care costs. However, with few exceptions, peer support has not been systematically studied in the context of street-based sex trade, despite its potential benefits for this vulnerable population. This paper fills this gap by looking at the impact of peer support on 29 substance-use involved women formerly selling sex on the streets. Women were recruited for in-depth interviews from five recovery programmes for women with substance-use problems in a large metropolitan area in Northeast US. Results indicate that peer support can facilitate women's exit by providing a safe and accepting arena to share and normalise past experiences in the sex trade, serving as role models, and providing trustworthy advice. The findings emphasise the need for collaboration between peers and professionals in programmes that assist women exiting the sex trade; they also highlight providers’ limitations in interactions with exiting women, and stress the need for non-judgmental attention to women exiting the sex trade.

Ethical Pro-Environmental Self-Identity Practice: The Case of Second-Hand Products

As part of sustainable development, more attention is being placed on consumer behavior. Revised economic models have resulted in an understanding of the need for a circular economy. In this perspective, the consumer is not merely the buyer of the product but also a seller in consumer-to-consumer (C2C) activities, here referred to as re-commerce. In this qualitative study, researchers conducted in-depth interviews of 32 respondents from two countries who had second-hand product trading experience on Facebook. The study uses thematic content analysis to analyze the themes of ethical pro-environmental self-identity (PESI) practices in the respondents’ everyday lives. In this study, challenges relating to understanding conditions for fruitful re-commerce are framed in a social practice theory. Focus is placed on ethical pro-environmental self-identity in the context of selling or buying products in Bangladesh and Sweden. The contributions of this study relate to consumer perspectives on what enables re-commerce for six selected product categories. The study also points to the importance of social media and context-bound differences between product groups as well as individuals in two national contexts.

The gravity of experience

AbstractIn this paper, we establish the importance of experience in international trade in reducing unmeasured trade costs and facilitating bilateral trade. We find a strong role for experience, measured in years of positive trade, for both aggregate and sectoral bilateral trade. In an augmented gravity framework, with a very comprehensive set of fixed effects and trend variables, we find that a 1% increase in experience at the country‐pair level increases bilateral exports by 0.417% and reduces trade costs by 0.105%. Non‐parametric estimates imply that nine years of experience is equivalent to a country pair joining a preferential trading area. We show that experience matters more for country pairs that are distant, non‐contiguous, do not share a common language, lack colonial links and legal ties to one another. Subsequently, we construct microfounded measures of trade costs and show how these decline with the accumulation of experience. Our results are consistent with experience reducing the bilateral unmeasured variable costs of trade and experience shared across firms and industries.

E-COMMERCE BASED SALES APPLICATION TO INCREASE PROFIT DURING COVID19 IN FURNITURE STORES

Since December 2019 there has been an outbreak that can kill thousands of people in a matter of days, while the outbreak has become a threat to a new pandemic known as Covid-19. The impact of the Covid-19 outbreak has greatly affected various sectors, one of which is the trade sector. Since the outbreak of the Covid-19 outbreak and the Government's recommendations regarding Social Distancing and the establishment of very strict health protocols, some people are reluctant to do activities outside the home so that people are more restricting themselves by staying at home. This certainly makes trade experience a slump so that it has an impact on an unstable economy and finances. the development of technology and the internet in Indonesia, has had a major impact on changes in business and sales systems. E-commerce is an internet service that is used for buying and selling online. The purpose of this research is to build an E-Commerce-based system that can help some furniture businesses in increasing sales profit, by providing convenience in the payment process. The stages of the research method that the researcher planned were to conduct survey techniques and followed by interview activities

The Pattern of Trade Flows in Nigeria during the Pre-and Post-Era of Covid-19

Trade can serve as a major transmitter of economic disruption across the globe and a tool for quick recovery in times of crisis. While the pandemic disrupted trade activities globally in global merchandise, the traditional mode shifted grounds to digitalization embracement in trade activities. Therein, the concern that this development may further aggravate the catch-up effect of the developing countries like Nigeria is a serious issue due to their deficient digital technological facilities. Although, ICT industries experienced tremendous growth during and post Covid-19 eras in Nigeria. This paper is a desk review investigation carried out on the methods of trade during the pre-and-post Covid-19 era. The data revealed that there was decrease in trade pattern during and post-era of the Covid-19 pandemic globally and in African countries (Nigeria). It was therefore concluded that unlike the pre-Covid-19 trade experience, there was increasing migration of trade to digital network in the era-and-post-Covid-19 period. The paper thereby recommends digitalization of trade activities in forestalling breakdown of trade activities during the post-pandemic era.

Gilduin Davy, La Saga des diseurs de loi: Esquisse juridique de l’Islande médiévale, Paris: Classiques Garnier, 2021, 00, 000 pp.

Abstract This thorough study is both long overdue and comes from an unexpected quarter. Davy is professor of history of law at l’Université Paris-Nanterre. The lawman (lgmaðr) of his title and other legal advisors are well known to readers of the sagas of Icelanders but, as is the case of the master litigator Njáll Þorgeirsson, “Burnt Njall,” it is more as active players in court cases generated by feud than as more elevated and distant patrons of the law as institution. The best-known feature of the office of law speaker, as he is also known, was to have memorized the entire law code, at the pre-literate stage of this society, and to proclaim one third of it each year at the island-wide assembly over which he presided. This is the first modern study of the office of law man and its author is uniquely placed, by virtue of his familiarity with the Icelandic and Norwegian material, to trace its insufficiently studied development. Davy is also alert to the possible origins of law in what began in historical time with the settlement, and social and legal organization of an unpopulated North Atlantic island. As is to be expected, the laws of Norway, where a majority of the settlers originated, would have offered a ready model and there does seem to have been a transfer en bloc of Norwegian jurisprudence. But many of the settler generation would have had experience of raiding, trading, and residence in the British Isles, particularly Ireland, which had its own large body of jurisprudence, possibly dating from the seventh century. Davy’s project is even more ambitious in that he seeks to discover the very foundations of law, its mythical and legendary origins, and conceptual underpinning.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ВАЛЮТНОГО КЛИРИНГА В МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ ТОРГОВЛЕ В 1930–1980-Х ГГ.

The implementation of clearing arrangements in international settlements of the Russian Federation is one of the systemic solutions that allow developing external trade under toughened anti-Russian sanctions imposed by the Western states. This article analyzes the international experience of the 1930 s – 1980 s when clearing trade was used particularly intensively. We consider features of bilateral clearing in Western and Southern Europe as well as in USSR in the 1930 s, the proposition of J. M. Keynes in 1941–1944 to create the International Clearing Union and the proliferation of bilateral clearing agreements after World War II during the period of the 1940 s – 1960 s including those concluded between market and centrally planned economies. Particular attention is paid to the functioning of the European Payments Union (EPU) in the 1950 s, to the development of bilateral, trilateral and multilateral clearing within the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) in the 1940 s – 1980 s, including the use of transferable ruble through the International Bank for Economic Co-operation (IBEC) as well as to the 40-year long Soviet-Finnish bilateral clearing trade experience.

Blockchain-Powered Bandwidth Trading on SDN-Enabled Edge Network

Bandwidth trading procedures can be made to incentivize users to sell their needless traffic and indirectly reduce the probability of traffic congestion. However, implementation of bandwidth trading is opex-heavy from Internet Service Provider (ISP) perspective, while on the other hand, users also do not trust network executions from the ISP due to its heavily centralized control. These issues hinder the applicability of bandwidth trading and become our motivation to propose this paper. Our bandwidth-trading framework utilize software-defined networking (SDN) and blockchain. SDN automates the bandwidth trading executions from the ISP side and reduces the opex. Meanwhile, the smart contract is a trusted platform for building a trading marketplace where buyers, sellers, and SDN controllers can negotiate the trading terms. Once the trading is executed, SDN controllers generate proof of trading that must be submitted to the smart contract as proof of provisioning. We implement our works using Ethereum and POX SDN controllers, and the results prove that it can provide a seamless bandwidth trading experience with reasonable overhead. Furthermore, by committing to our framework, bandwidth trading can be executed fairly and securely because all previous provisioning can be cross-checked through the provided proof-of-trading.

Beware the inexperienced financial advisor with a high trait emotional intelligence: Psychological determinants of the misperception of the risk-return relationship

According to financial theories, on the long run, taking risk should reward investors with higher returns. However, most investors perceive this relationship as negative. In this study, we showed that even professional financial advisors misperceived the risk-returns relationship, and we investigated the psychological determinants of this misperception in professionals. Specifically, we assessed the role of feelings towards the financial market, trait emotional intelligence (EI), and trading experience. Our results showed that financial advisors with high (vs. low) trait EI were more impacted by their feelings when estimating expected returns. Specifically, inexperienced advisors with high (vs. low) trait EI are more likely to expect a negative relationship between risks and returns. Our findings shed light on the need to educate professionals on their reliance on emotions in financial judgments.

ПРИНЦИПИ ВИКОНАННЯ ЗОВНІШНЬОЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ОПЕРАЦІЙ ТА КОНТРАКТІВ

In the context of complex political and socio-economic processes, that are characterized by the stratification of the property status of various segments of the population, by the growth of customs offenses, by the aggravation of the influence of destabilizing trends on the economic security of the state, the issue of creating an effective state system of customs and legal regulation of foreign economic activity of business entities becomes relevant. The variety of nomenclature of goods transported across the customs border, and the peculiarities of foreign economic operations determines the implementation of customs and legal regulation by a large number of state authorities, each of which, within the limits of their competence, is entitled to issue normative documents in the field of foreign economic activity and provide permits for foreign trade operations. The fulfillment of a foreign trade obligation is subject to both the terms of the agreement and the provisions of the normative sources of international trade law, and the customs of commercial turnover. Among the customs produced by many years of experience in international trade, the customs are distinguished, which have become general provisions, which in the civil doctrine are called the principles of fulfilling obligations. When drawing up an agreement, it is important to establish which state law will govern relations under a specific agreement, since there are significant differences in resolving the same issues in the law of different countries. The foreign trade sale and purchase agreement is the most common legal form of foreign economic agreement, which mediates the relationship between Ukrainian and foreign entrepreneurs. Its development in accordance with the principles of implementation, the development of conditions and obligations of the parties, the implementation requires special knowledge and skills, taking into account the specific features of the external market.

관광소비자의 불공정거래 경험에 대한 현상학적 연구 : OTA를 대상으로

The purpose of this study is to analyze the unfair trade experience of tourism consumers using OTA by applying the phenomenological research method, and to discover the individual characteristics, essential structure, and general structural description of the experience. The data collection for the analysis was collected through in-depth one-on-one interviews with 8 tourism consumers who had experience in unfair trade in the process of tourism products. As an analysis method, Colaizzi(1978)'s phenomenological research technique was applied. Colaizzi's phenomenological research technique is characterized by focusing on the common attributes of the research participants' statements. As a result of the analysis, 3 essential structures, 8 theme clusters, and 27 themes were derived. The derived essential structure was matched with the research problem of the 'content-cause-evaluation' structure. First, in terms of content, 'difficulty of canceling the contract' was derived as the essence, and 'excessive cancellation fee', 'avoidance of refund responsibility' were derived for the theme cluster. Second, in terms of the cause of the transaction, 'irrationality of the transaction conditions' was derived as the essence, and 'abuse of business status', 'infringement of property rights and choice of tourism consumers', 'unfair business conditions', 'vulnerable tourism consumer status' were derived for the theme cluster. Third, in terms of evaluation, 'distrust of OTA' was derived as the essence, and 'OTA's lack of service mind', 'OTA's indifference to tourism consumer protection' were derived from the theme cluster. In conclusion, this study confirmed the practical problems that occur in OTA by presenting the essential structure through the experience of unfair trade of tourism consumers.

The disposition effect among mutual fund participants: a re-examination

Based on the information gathered on mutual fund trades executed between 1998 and 2017 by 31,513 individual investor clients of a major Portuguese bank, we study the relationship between the disposition effect, financial literacy and trading experience. We find that mutual fund investors exhibit a strong disposition effect. The tendency to hold losers is partially offset with literacy: a university degree reduces the propensity to hold on to loser funds, in addition to greater financial knowledge and stronger math skills. Literacy also plays a role in shaping the way experience affects this bias. Evidence of the disposition effect remains after considering redemption fees, bad emotions, irrational beliefs, market sentiment and the existence of someone to blame. Given that the existence of the disposition effect entails substantial costs for investors, higher levels of literacy benefit investors. The implementation of measures that accommodate investor reaction to poor performances may also help to reduce the disposition effect.

Maqâshid Syarî’ah Perception Toward Letter of Credit as Export-Import Risk Mitigation at Indonesian Fishery Trade Experience

Export-Import is one of the engines that drive economic growth. Compared to domestic trade, Export-Import trade or international trade contains more risks. In reducing the risks that may occur in international trade, exporters use Letters of Credit as a guarantee of payment for goods. Compared with the weaknesses and benefits of using a Letter of Credit (LoC) in risk mitigation in export-import transactions, the benefits of using it are greater. Therefore, this study aims to find out how to use a Letter of Credit (LoC) as an instrument in mitigating export-import risk based on the maqâshid syarî’ah ‎ review. This research is qualitative with observation, interviews, and documentation in data collection. The data is analyzed from the data obtained from the object of the research is a descriptive analysis using the maqâshid syarî’ah ‎ approach by looking at the risks that may occur in the use of a Letter of Credit (LoC). The results of the study stated that the use of a Letter of Credit (LoC) as an export-import payment instrument is allowed if it becomes a necessity and creates benefits for the wider community. Providing facilities for issuing and using letters of credit as export and import documents needs to be developed so that it will increase exporters' interest and encourage an increase in export-import, as well as an increase in the value of foreign exchange, besides that it is necessary to develop Islamic banks as providers of shari’ah letter of credit services for exporters and Muslim importer.

Are importing and exporting complements or substitutes in an emerging economy? The case of Colombia

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of two trading strategies (exporting and importing) on total factor productivity (TFP) and the potential complementarity/substitutability effects of these strategies. In order to assess these effects, robust estimates of TFP are obtained using a general method of moments approach that explicitly determines the ability of a firm's trading experience to affect productivity. Data from the Annual Manufacturing Survey spanning from 2007 to 2016 is used for Colombian manufacturing firms. Our estimation results suggest that, regardless of the technological intensity of the industry in which the firm operates, active trading strategies (exporting only, importing only, both importing and exporting) pay positive rewards in terms of productivity. Nevertheless, whilst positive (complementary) synergies are found between exporting and importing for firms in med/high‐tech sectors, for firms operating in low‐tech and med/low‐tech sectors, importing and exporting appear to be substitutes.

THE INFLUENCE OF INFORMATION ON TRADING BEHAVIOR WITH PERSONALITY TRAITS AS MODERATION VARIABLE FOR STOCK TRADERS

The development of investment in Indonesia has increased rapidly over the past few years. One of the key factors affecting stock traders' trading behavior is information. Information that was previously difficult to obtain by investors became easily obtained due to technological developments. In addition to information, the characteristics of traders also influence their trading behavior. The population used in this study is the entire citizen of Surabaya, and the sample of this study is stock traders who have a minimum of 1-year trading experience. Data analysis is done by using Partial Least Square with Smart PLS 3.0. The result of this study is that information has a significant effect on trading behavior, while neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness do not moderate the effect of information on trading behavior significantly.

An Empirical Study on the Digital Trade Status of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses in Korea: A Focus on the Top 5 Promising Consumer Goods

Purpose - With the digitalization of trade becoming a hot topic again in the international trade sector, this study aimed to present policy implications for expanding digital trade by exploring the current status of Korean small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Design/Methodology/Approach - Based on a literature review and available statistical data, the trend of global trade digitalization was theoretically considered. On the other hand, the current status of digital trade was analyzed empirically based on a survey of Korean SMEs. Findings - Digitalization of trade brings an opportunity for small and medium-sized companies, relatively weak in competitiveness, such as lack of information on overseas market and inferiority in overseas marketing capabilities. Specifically, the empirical analysis shows that companies have extensive experience in digital trade and online domestic sales in Korea and transaction experience through B2C online platforms account for a higher share of total sales or exports than companies with low digital readiness. Research Implications - First, continuous policy attention and efforts are needed to build a digital trade environment so that SMEs can naturally become accustomed to digital trade. Second, the government’s digital export support programs targeting SMEs should ultimately be centered on B2B transactions. Finally, intelligent digital export support programs are required by items suitable for digital trade through the integrated management of the transaction and transaction history of the export promotion agencies.

The Impact of a Health-run on Remittances and Financial Inclusion

The study examines the impact of health runs or crises on financial remittances and inclusion. Data were collected through a survey questionnaire administered to a sample of 60 respondents made up of financial services employees and users of financial services, irrespective of their age and years of trade experience. Results show that remittances and financial inclusion levels should be affected adversely due to the coronavirus ( COVID-19) health run. The magnitude of the negative effect of a health crisis on financial remittances and inclusion as measured by the correlation matrix is strong, but comparatively the same for the assessed variables. Our findings reveal that a severe global health crisis would force an exponential decline in remittances and financial inclusion. Findings further reveal that there exists no relationship between financial remittances and financial inclusion under a health crisis. The study here recommends measures policymakers can use to boast financial flows and inclusion during a period of a severe global health crisis.

Action of Small Entrepreneurs to Deal with the Risk of Pandemic Covid-19

The Covid-19 phenomenon in Indonesia has had a very big effect, especially on small traders in Labuhanbatu Regency, the main reason for this study to measure the extent to which possible aspects affect the welfare of small traders in the Glugur Rantauprapat Market amidst the Covid-19 storm. This research was conducted in Glugur Market, Rantauprapat City, Labuhanbatu Regency, a sample of 130 traders using purposive sampling technique with survey data collection techniques both from primary data and secondary data. The primary data source uses an instrument in the form of a questionnaire containing statement indicators that are distributed to respondents who are determined based on criteria. Meanwhile, data analysis used IBM SPSS & AMOS path analysis. Based on the coefficient value of the trading hours variable path to the income variable is --0.724 with a p-value (0,469) > 0.05, which means it is not significant. Based on the path coefficient value of the capital variable on the income variable, it is 0.701 with a p-value (0,001) < 0.05, which means it is significant. Based on the path coefficient value of the trading experience variable on the income variable, it is 0.281 with a p-value (0,033) < 0.05, which means it is significant. Based on the path coefficient value of the income variable to the welfare variable, it is 0.388 with a p-value (0,000) < 0.05, which means it is significant.

Impact of Trade on Inequality: New Evidence of What, When, and Where

Abstract The relationship between trade and inequality is complex, and the existing literature concludes that the impacts of trade on inequality are ambiguous. This article addresses this ambiguity and presents robust evidence that the effects of trade on inequality depend on economic development, when it occurred in recent decades, and their various measures. It proposes a novel identification strategy to solve for endogeneity problem in the literature by using trade as predicted by a gravity equation as an instrument for actual trade. It estimates the effect of both trade policies and trade volumes on inequality measured both before and after taxes and transfers. This article takes advantage of large and long panel data by conducting cross-examinations by economic development and economic history. The results show that international trade exacerbates inequality in the pre-taxes, but the effects disappear after taxes and transfers are adjusted; thus, it supports the compensation hypothesis. It increases inequality in rich economies while reducing it in poor economies, which confirms the standard Stolper and Samuelson theorem. Post-1991 trade experience was inequality increasing but pre-1991 trade was inequality decreasing; however, trade opening by reducing regulations, taxes, and tariffs was always inequality increasing. (JEL codes: D63, P33, and F63)

Partisipasi pedagang sayur dalam pengelolaan sampah Pasar Tradisional Sanggeng di Kabupaten Manokwari

The focus of this research is to examine the participation of traders in market waste management to achieve environmental cleanliness. This is intended so that there is involvement of traders to participate responsibly both actively and passively to achieve environmental cleanliness. This study aims to (1) determine the participation of market vegetable traders in waste management, and (2) analyze the factors that influence the participation of vegetable traders in waste management. The research was conducted at Sanggeng Market as a vegetable trading center in Manokwari Regency. The method used in this research is a survey method with in-depth interview techniques and observation of 52 vegetable traders who trade vegetables at the market of Sanggeng in Manokwari Regency. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics used are competency tests and inferential statistics used are Spearman correlation analysis. The results of the study concluded, (1) the participation of vegetable traders shows that they are involved in all stages of waste management, namely the stages of collection, separation, transportation, recycling, and utilization, and (2) there is a correlation between age, education level, acceptance and trading experience.