International Experience Research Articles

Прозорість як засіб запобігання корупції в державному управлінні

The paper examines the issue of transparency as a tool for preventing corruption in public administration. The analysis is conducted by analysing the causes of the phenomenon and its main economic and social effects, in the decision-making processes of the public administration. Furthermore, the work focuses on the analysis of the main international legislative experiences and, in particular, the Italian one, which demonstrate the emergence of ‘transparency rights’ in order to curb administrative mismanagement behaviour (not only offences) and encourage virtuous behaviour.

Надання безоплатної правової допомоги населенню у процесі здійснювання навчальної діяльності: аспекти міжнародного та українського історичного досвіду

The article highlights the issues of international and Ukrainian historical experience of providing legal aid in general, and frees legal aid in the course of educational activities in particular. The author traces the peculiarities of this process from its origins to the present day. The author argues that the provision of free legal aid in the context of educational activities is a multifaceted process which, both in the world and in Ukraine, has been taking place for centuries in various forms and under the influence of various factors. It is emphasized that its undoubted prerequisite was the legalization of the legal profession and the establishment of an extensive system of legal education. The author emphasizes that these facts were the result of the growing importance of law in the process of regulation of social relations. The author analyzes the main stages and features of the European historical experience of legal aid in the period of Antiquity, theMiddle Ages and theModern era. The author also considers some historical experience of providing free legal aid in the context of educational activities which took place in Ukraine. The author proves that Ancient Rome was a pioneer in creating an extensive system of legal education and developing various forms of legal aid. The author establishes that the real establishment of the system of free legal aid, in particular, in the course of educational activities, took place only in the 1920s, and at first it was localized and limited mainly to the United States. It is argued that its implementation became possible as a result of a long scientific discussion in previous years, during which a new approach to legal training with a priority on practice was developed, and a form of such training – “legal clinic” – was found. The author shows that legal clinical education is considered to be one of the most effective today. The nature and peculiarities of the spread of legal clinical education, as well as the development of the relevant legal framework in Ukraine are traced.

Navigating Stepwise Lifestyle Mobilities via the Global South: Japanese Migrant Families’ Negotiation of Educational and Lifestyle Aspirations in Malaysia

ABSTRACTStudies of the transnational migration of East Asian families have examined how they enhance their status and well‐being by moving their children to schools in Western anglophone countries. Although recent studies have identified Southeast Asia as a new, affordable destination for less affluent families, we do not know their future transnational trajectories. To fill this gap, this study employed interview data from 46 Japanese families who had migrated to Malaysia with their children and investigated how they navigated their transnational mobilities from Malaysia. To explain their pattern, I introduce the concept of ‘stepwise lifestyle mobilities’, transnational mobility pathways adopted by relatively affluent people from developed countries, who may face constraints due to factors such as race, ethnicity, limited global experience or financial limitations but a desire for an international experience. They start from a low‐cost, low‐risk country like Malaysia and seek staged lifestyle migration regionally and/or globally.

Workers with Disabilities and the Challenges of Creating an Inclusive Work Environment

Introduction. Creating a workplace for workers with disabilities is a difficult task that requires considering a variety of factors. Many workplaces are not equipped with the necessary devices, such as height-adjustable tables, office chairs for disabled, or wheelchair lifts. Also, buildings may lack wheelchair ramps, elevators or wide doorways, which makes it difficult for people with limited mobility to access the workplace. These and many other factors significantly limit the possibilities of professional integration of persons with disabilities.The purpose of this work was to identify the main challenges of creating an inclusive working environment in order to increase the employment rates of workers with disabilities. In this research, an analysis of Russian and foreign literature was carried out.Materials and methods. The issues of the employment of workers with disabilities and the creation of an inclusive working environment were considered on the basis of a content analysis of scientific, review, and expert literature published both in scientific peer-reviewed publications and on the Internet. Papers by Rus-sian and foreign authors, analytical data from national statistical agencies, and materials from government and corporate programs aimed at integrating persons with disabilities into social and professional life were studied.Results. Discussions on disability in the workplace have been extremely limited for a long time. However, statistics show that 5–8% of the working-age population have health problems that limit their ability to carry out professional activities. The workplace should be accessible to all employees, whether for routine work or emergency evacuation. Effective use of international experience as well as continuous improvement of inclu-sive practices will help to create more accessible and fair working conditions for all.

VIII season of the UralEndo forum Tobolsk plenary session, April 26-27, 2024

The article is dedicated to the plenum of the leaders of the UralEndo forum, held on April 26-27, 2024 in Tobolsk - the city that is rightfully the spiritual heart of the Urals and western Siberia, the cultural and historical center of Russia, where the current state tasks of primary health care development are closely intertwined with the tasks of preserving the best traditions of domestic medicine for the benefit of patients and our native country! In brief overview of the plenum events, the main topics are briefly presented, the achievements and problems of endoscopy in the huge Ural region are summarized, the main working tasks of the forum for the near future are formulated with reference to modern promising methods of endoscopic diagnosis and treatment based on advanced Russian and international experience of their introduction into broad clinical practice at all levels of medical care, starting from the primary level.

EXPERIENCE WITH GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ALLOWANCE ALLOCATION AND ANALYSIS OF LESSONS FOR VIET NAM

This study analyzes and synthesizes international experiences in allocating greenhouse gas emission quotas, drawing lessons for Viet Nam's developing carbon market. The research examines emission trading systems (ETS) and quota allocation methods from various countries and regions, including the European Union, Germany, Austria, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, the United States, Canada, Nigeria, Kenya, South Africa, China, Japan, and New Zealand. Key findings highlight the importance of diversifying allocation methods, combining free allocation, auctioning, and benchmarking approaches. The study emphasizes the need for flexibility in system design, adapting to specific economic and social conditions of each country. Lessons learned include prioritizing high-emission reduction potential sectors, setting reasonable emission caps based on actual data, ensuring transparency in information disclosure, and establishing effective monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. The research also stresses the importance of providing technical support to businesses, especially small and medium enterprises, in complying with ETS regulations. Additionally, the study addresses concerns such as preventing carbon leakage, assessing social impacts, and ensuring international compatibility of the system. These insights provide a valuable foundation for Viet Nam to develop an effective greenhouse gas ETS that aligns with national conditions and sustainable development goals.

Mindfulness and its Relationship to Achievement Motivation of University Students

The study aimed to identify the level of mindfulness and achievement motivation and the relationship between Mindfulness and achievement motivation among university students. To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive correlational approach was used, as the study sample consisted of (350) male and female students from Hashemite University students from the College of Educational Sciences and registered in the first semester of the academic year 2023/2024, where the study tools were applied electronically. The study used the Mindfulness scale consisting of (4) dimensions (observation, description, acting consciously, judging internal experience), and the achievement motivation scale consisting of five dimensions was also used: (sense of responsibility, striving for excellence, perseverance, feeling the importance of time, and planning for the future). The results showed that the level of Mindfulness was at an average level, with an average of (3.50) and a standard deviation of (0.628). In contrast, the level of achievement motivation was high, with an average of (3.81) and a deviation of (0.452). The results also showed the existence of a statistically significant correlation between the dimensions of Mindfulness and achievement motivation among university students.

Background of Data Envelopment Analysis Implementation in Moscow Healthcare System: International and Russian Experience

Background. The efficiency of healthcare organization activity should be improved and measured using new techniques, as the healthcare system has widely applied advanced technologies and optimized the workflow of all medical facilities. The methodology of data envelopment analysis (DEA) is one of the fast-evolving approaches to assessing the performance of healthcare organizations. The article examines Russian and international experience in applying the DEA method, which can be used for assessing the performance of Moscow public healthcare organizations. Purpose. To study the basics of DEA and the experience of its use for assessing the efficiency of healthcare organizations in Russia and abroad, and to consider its potential implementation in the Moscow healthcare system. Materials and methods. The publications were selected using the PRISMA guidelines. A complex of modern general scientific methods of cognition was also used: system and structural approach, analytical method, comparison, and generalization. Results. The practice of using the DEA method in Russian regions and abroad was analyzed. The main advantages and disadvantages of DEA, as well as the main parameters used in constructing the model of efficiency measurement for healthcare organizations, were categorized. The prerequisites for using the DEA method to assess the efficiency of Moscow healthcare organizations were identified.

Deviant behavior of adolescents: Causes and international experience

Deviant behavior of adolescents: Causes and international experience

Enhancing University Innovation Through Industrial Symbiosis

In the context of global changes and the transition to a Green Economy, there has been a lack of emphasis in scientific literature to the management of project innovation activities at universities, particularly in collaboration with business and the government. This gap continues despite international experiences that indicate the benefits of industrial symbiosis for regional economic growth, including socioeconomic and environmental issues. The study focuses on the underexplored management of university project innovation activities in collaboration with businesses and the state as the world shifts toward a Green Economy, highlighting the successful use of industrial symbiosis in other countries to boost regional socioeconomic and environmental development. Current engagement channels are insufficient to facilitate the integration of academic ideas into industry throughout the transition to a circular economy. This study intends to establish novel management mechanisms for university innovation activities based on industry symbiosis, as well as optimum collaboration ways for project initiation and implementation. The authors offer successful implementation techniques, such as project formation and realization through partnership with corporations and government bodies, as well as the involvement of bright youngsters. By developing zones of industrial symbiosis and other cooperative ventures, the research hopes to position universities as crucial to building symbiotic chains, eventually boosting university innovation infrastructure efficiency and fostering sustainable regional development

Family firms’ equity entry modes: Bridging family business and international business

Abstract In the global economy, the international strategies of family firms, influenced by family ownership and management, remain underexplored. Bridging the family business and international business fields, we use the socioemotional wealth lens to examine 1,236 international expansions from 2007 to 2013. Categorizing firms into pure family, nearly pure family, borderline family, and non-family typologies, we assess the influence of internal (experience, knowledge) and external (country risk) factors on their entry modes. Results indicate that higher family involvement in ownership/management increases the preference for greenfield investments over acquisitions or equity alliances, a relationship further moderated by international experience and country risk. This study provides nuanced insights into the international behaviors of family firms.

COIL Method in Economic Higher Education: The Stakeholders’ Perspective

COIL (Collaborative Online International Learning) is an innovative teaching method that allows students to experience international cooperation and develop intercultural skills using digital technologies. This online teaching method became popular recently based on the experience gained by higher education institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic. COIL is an effective and convenient teaching method that provides students with the experience of „internationalisation at home.” The COIL engages students, teachers, and business partners. As those groups have different educational needs and expectations, the question arises as to what extent this teaching method can address those needs. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to identify the main benefits and limitations of the COIL method in economic higher education based on the empirical survey results. The survey was conducted after the successful COIL implementation in 2023/2024 in several courses at the University of Economics in Katowice, Poland. The COIL method was applied in the form of three different models and was organised in cooperation with partners from several European universities. In particular, the COIL method was applied within a course devoted to Digitalisation and Sustainability, aiming at developing projects on business plans for start-ups using innovative technologies to enhance sustainable development. The paper presents the COIL concept, course objectives, and learning outcomes, as well as an assessment of the COIL method from the perspectives of students, teachers, and business experts. The main findings suggest that all students appreciate the advantages of COIL: the possibility to gain international experience, improve communication and intercultural skills, and learn the basics of project management. They also signalled some challenges related to international teamwork. However, teachers, in general, are satisfied with the quality of outcomes of students’ cooperation, although applying the COIL method requires lots of administrative work and developing new skills. Similarly, business partners highly assessed the benefits of the COIL method for students in terms of their future professional careers.

Surgical treatment of aneurysmal aortic root with valve-preserving aortic root resection

Aortic root aneurysm is a frequent condition, which is associated with increased mortality and morbidity compared to other aortic aneurysms. The treatment relies on surgery, most often with the Bentall procedure or aortic valve-sparing root replacement (AVSRR). AVSRR is a highly specialised treatment associated with increased survival and low incidences of valve-related complications compared to the Bentall procedure. The purpose of this review is to highlight the diagnosing and surgical treatments of AAR with a focus on the newest international experiences with AVSRR.

Transnational lives interrupted: The Canadian state and Indian international student experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic

AbstractCanada has emerged as a major education destination for international students from across the world. International students are understood to significantly contribute towards the labour market and economic growth of Canada including the higher education sector that has come to financially rely on international students. India has emerged as the largest source of international students to Canada in recent years making them a significant category of migrants impacted by the covid‐19 pandemic and the subsequent lockdown measures implemented by the Canadian state. This paper looks at the experiences of Indian international students already in Canada and prospective students in India planning to pursue their studies in Canada. The pandemic delayed international education plans for many students in India while causing significant disruption to the studies, employment, and living arrangements of international students in Canada. Such disruptions created considerable uncertainty over their financial situation including meeting various eligibility requirements for work permit after graduation. This paper reveals the deeply embodied and personalised consequences for students in the face of state responses to balancing pandemic control and retaining financial and economic contribution during the pandemic.

General theoretical characterization of contractual obligations for the provision of agency services

Problem setting. The development of market economy and globalization of business processes have increased the importance of agency services. However, the legal regulation of agency relations in Ukraine is characterized by gaps and conflicts, creating problems in law enforcement practice. This problem is particularly acute in the field of courier activities, where issues of consumer protection and distribution of responsibility between the agent and the principal arise. Purpose of research is to conduct a comprehensive theoretical and legal analysis of contractual obligations for the provision of agency services, determine their place in the system of civil law contracts of Ukraine, and develop proposals for improving their legal regulation. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The issues of agency contracts and services have been studied by such scholars as R.A. Maidanyk, Ye.O. Kharytonov, O.I. Kharytonova, N.V. Fedorchenko, A.B. Hryniak, M.D. Pleniuk, O.O. Kot, H.B. Yanovytska and others. However, despite the significant number of scientific works, the specifics of agency services in the field of courier activities and consumer protection remain insufficiently studied. Article’s main body. The legal regulation of agency relations in Ukraine is analyzed, the elements of the agency agreement and the peculiarities of the rights and obligations of the parties are determined. The article examines the fiduciary nature of agency relations and its impact on the assessment of the parties’ actions in the performance of the contract. Particular attention is paid to the specifics of providing agency services in the field of courier activities, including issues of consumer protection, personal data protection, and dispute resolution. The article proposes ways to improve the legal regulation of agency services, including the development of special regulatory acts for courier agents, the introduction of a certification system, and the development of effective mechanisms for consumer protection. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The study concludes that agency services are an important element of modern economic relations that requires proper legal regulation. The legal framework of Ukraine in this area is characterized by complexity but contains certain gaps and conflicts that need to be addressed. The agency agreement has specific elements that distinguish it from other types of contracts. For improving the legal regulation of agency services, it is necessary to unify approaches in civil and commercial law, develop special mechanisms for consumer protection, harmonize legislation with international standards, and improve mechanisms of agent liability. Future research should focus on developing detailed recommendations for improving legislation in the field of agency services, taking into account international experience and the specifics of different sectors of the economy.

GLOBAL EXPERIENCE OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IN FORMING INNOVATIVE MECHANISMS OF GREEN ECONOMIC GROWTH

The article examines the international experience of developing countries in creating and implementing innovative mechanisms to achieve green economic growth. The necessity of implementing such mechanisms to ensure sustainable economic development is substantiated. It is argued that innovative approaches are key to preserving the ecological balance and improving the well-being of the population. It was established that the effective use of natural resources requires the integration of environmental and economic strategies. Based on the set goal, various models and practices of green growth applied in developing countries are considered. Successful examples are studied and found that their adaptation can contribute to global sustainable development. Further perspectives of research should be aimed at studying the possibilities of scaling and optimization of these innovative mechanisms in the context of global challenges. It was determined that each country has its own characteristics due to the level of development of the country, its geographical location, the presence of natural resources and the specifics of the concepts, models and development tools used, which correspond to national priorities and accumulated experience, and therefore the transition to a "green" economy for different states will take place under different scenarios. It illustrates the benefits and challenges of implementing green innovation for developing countries using the example of China and its chart of China's key industrial strategies for green manufacturing. During the research of this topic, it was found that the consistent and effective implementation of the principles of "green" investment, as well as "green" development in general, is possible only in a regulatory environment, transparent and fair, developed in accordance with the principle of the rule of law, with independent courts procedures, with the participation of independent market regulators acting in accordance with national interests, respecting the rights of investors and consumers. On the other hand, for their principles of implementation a vital role is played by socially responsible business behavior, one of the key indicators of which is the attitude of business to environmental issues, the efficiency of resource use and energy efficiency, and the disclosure of socially significant non-financial information. It is noted that in Ukraine climate and investment policies function separately from each other, and sometimes their goals are mutually contradictory, which prevents or slows down investments in the development of "green" infrastructure.

The peculiarities of labor legal relations with a family doctor in the context of healthcare reform in Ukraine

According to national and international legislation, every person on the territory of Ukraine has the right to qualified medical assistance. As a result of healthcare reform in Ukraine, family doctors have started working, with whom patients conclude declarations in accordance with Ukrainian legislation. Consideration of labor legal relations with a family doctor is extremely important and relevant, as there are many problems and gaps in practice and legislative activities that require research and resolution. The full-scale invasion of Russia on the territory of our state had a negative impact on labor legal relations with family doctors. Due to hostilities, many patients have left for safer places in Ukraine or abroad. Many family doctors, who left their home and place of residence, are generally forced to seek for another place of work. These are significant drawbacks of labor law in the field of medicine, which we are currently facing in Ukraine and which require regulation and finding ways to resolve them. Therefore, consideration of theoretical and legislative material is relevant and extremely important. The purpose is to study the peculiarities of labor legal relations with a family doctor in the context of healthcare reform in Ukraine. The object is the legal basis and legislative framework, which regulate labor legal relations with a family doctor. Conducting research and summarizing qualifications, it can be said that general scientific methods, general methods, interdisciplinary methods, and specialized methods are applied. The analysis of the theoretical and legal source base, from the labor legislation, reveals ways to solve the problematic issues that family doctors face today. Incorporating positive international experience and making proposals for its further consideration and implementation in practice will make it possible to solve the current problems, taking into account all the risks. It is proposed to increase the salary of family doctors, regardless of the number of patients who have signed declarations with them. It is proposed to highlight the fundamental principles of labor activity with family doctors, which are based on the principles of legality, openness, voluntariness, normativity, transparency, control, and informativeness. The proposal is to enhance public awareness of the services of family doctors and the conclusion of declarations without being tied to the location.

ANALYSIS OF INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF UKRAINE: DETERMINATION OF FACTORS AND WAYS OF ITS ACTIVATION

The purpose of the article is to study the theoretical aspects of investment activity, analyse the current level of investment activity in the agricultural sector of Ukraine's economy and identify factors and methods of its increase. Methodology. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the fundamental principles of national economic management, investment activity and development of agricultural production entities. The research used the following scientific methods: axiomatic (to establish basic definitions that clarify the essence of the study), systematic (to identify components within the agricultural production sector), institutional (to construct the subject-object framework of the institutional environment for investment activity in agricultural production), correlation-regression analysis (to identify key predictors influencing investment activity in the agricultural sector), abstraction (to prioritise the stimulation of investment activity in agricultural production), and reproductive (to substantiate alternative strategies for attracting investment in agricultural enterprises). The results of the study show that diversification of investment sources and modernisation of technological infrastructure of agricultural production are important prerequisites for institutional reforms in the agricultural sector of the country. Increasing investment activity in agricultural enterprises can be achieved by creating a favourable investment climate. This includes government initiatives to create a transparent and stable regulatory framework, simplify bureaucratic processes, and ensure legal and financial stability. Another key aspect is to facilitate access to financial instruments such as low-interest loans, grants and subsidies to support the development of agricultural enterprises. The results of the study are presented in the form of tables, figures, graphs, diagrams and charts. Practical implications. Given the high level of integration of the domestic agricultural sector into the global food market, it is worth exploring the potential of using customs instruments to stimulate investment processes. Such instruments could include a zero VAT rate for investment agricultural goods and measures to prevent double taxation. Value / Оriginality. Investment activity in Ukraine can be intensified under the following conditions: ensuring financing for innovations; developing and implementing a system of measures to increase the investment activity of commercial banks; promoting the development of the stock market and venture capital; developing investment infrastructure; borrowing the best international experience in assessing the efficiency of business centres and business incubators; forming an investment and innovation culture in society, etc.

THE ROLE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN ADDRESSING TODAY'S GLOBAL CHALLENGES

The significance of the study is due to the crucial role that technology plays in solving many of the global problems faced by the modern world. The impact of technology in addressing these issues not only provides insight into current and future challenges, but also offers viable solutions to overcome them. Harnessing technology can create a more sustainable, just and prosperous world for all. The aim of the study is to conceptualise how digital technologies can be used to address the world's pressing global issues. The study focuses on international experience in tackling these global issues through the use of digital technologies by business leaders. Specifically, the research examines digital technologies as a powerful tool for addressing global challenges, while emphasising the need for careful and balanced implementation that takes into account environmental, social and economic factors. Study objectives include the following: (1) to study the role of digital technologies in solving modern global problems; (2) to identify ways to accelerate technological innovation in the field of environmental protection; and (3) to justify the responsibility of business leaders for environmental protection and solving modern global challenges. Digital technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, the Internet of Things (IoT) and big data have become an integral part of modern society and have a significant impact on solving global problems such as combating climate change. Artificial intelligence, in particular, is crucial for predicting climate change, optimising the use of resources and improving the efficiency of energy production. The study highlights the experiences of leading countries that are using technology as a key element in addressing global challenges, offering innovative solutions to problems that once seemed insurmountable. The paper concludes that the potential of modern technologies is key to addressing today's global challenges, emphasising the need to integrate innovative solutions into national policies and development strategies. The study offers recommendations for further integration of digital technologies into various spheres of public life to effectively address these issues.

Transimperial Internment: Wartime Mobility between German Cameroon and Neutral Spain, 1915–1920

ABSTRACT During the First World War, Spain engaged in humanitarian activities, including caring for internees, to substantiate its neutrality. On the African front, Spain’s small Central African territory became a refuge for German troops as the French and British seized control of Cameroon. By bringing together voices from Germany, Britain, and Spain, as well as some Cameroonian perspectives, the article offers a fresh narrative about the transcontinental and transimperial experience of internment. The retreating German army collectively became the first European ‘refugees’ in Africa. This article surveys the multiple stages of their internment journey: the retreat from Cameroon into Spanish Guinea, internment on the island of Fernando Po and then in mainland Spain, and their eventual return to Germany or Cameroon, with some choosing to stay in Spain.Their experiences were transimperial not simply because they crossed imperial borders, but also because the infrastructure and conditions of internment conformed to a shared imperial ‘archive’ for the treatment of Europeans in captivity on African soil. The article also examines the lingering echoes of internment in the post-war period. By contributing to an overlooked case, this study aligns with broader efforts to globalise scholarship on the First World War, showcasing internment as a key example of the war’s global effects.