Experience Of International Cooperation Research Articles

CYBERCRIME CHALLENGES: EXPERIENCE OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

The study focuses on the problem of countering cybercrime in the context of the experience of international cooperation. The trend in the process of ongoing transformation from a post-industrial to an information society stands out: global informatization and digitalization of processes lead to the threat of interference in personal life, data theft, and violation of privacy. The analysis of international legal acts made it possible to conclude the need to expand cooperation between states in the fight against cybercrime under the auspices of the UN based on programmatic, strategic acts of international legal regulation of the relevant range of relations. The importance of creating and developing organizational and legislative measures to combat cybercrime, improving interaction between the competent authorities of various states, as well as the need to develop and adopt universal conventions to combat cybercrime, is noted. The authors of the article state that the large-scale growth in the volume of information transfer causes the need to ensure the maximum level of data protection, both by the interested ICT users themselves and by governments - guarantors of state information security and stability. The international legal framework provides a solution to the problem in three areas: reducing discrepancies between national laws, introducing new powers of bodies, and promoting international cooperation. It is stated that in the Republic of Kazakhstan, there are no comprehensive studies on combating cyberterrorism and cybercrime as phenomena that include the entire range of crimes that are committed today on the Internet. The study fills this gap: the activities of the legislative and law enforcement bodies of the Republic of Kazakhstan are analyzed. The authors focus on such positive aspects as the creation of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan in April 2003 of the "K" department to intensify the fight against a wide range of crimes related to computer and Internet technologies, including cyberbullying, the production of counterfeit video discs, the dissemination of information that contributes to extremism, terrorism, cruelty, and violence. Chapter 7 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, devoted to criminal offenses in the field of informatization and communications, was subjected to scientific turnover; Cybersecurity Concept ("Cyber Shield of Kazakhstan"); a pilot project of 2023, which launched a special cyber police unit "Cyberpol Strike Task Force" to protect citizens and businesses of the country from cyber threats.

Internationalization of higher education in times of crisis: from globalist tendencies to the search for national priorities

Introduction. Global socio-political crises of our time, which limit the traditional forms of international cooperation for Russian universities, actualize the problem of searching for the most effective models of internationalization of higher education. At present, the nationally-oriented model corresponds to the goals and conditions of the organization of international activities in higher education to the greatest extent. The aim of the article is to identify the possibilities of implementation of the nationally-oriented model of internationalization of higher education in the assessment of scientific and pedagogical staff. Materials and methods. The study is based on general scientific methods, the principle of additionality of approaches of Russian and foreign researchers. Two-hundred thirty pedagogical profile teachers of Novgorod State University (Russian Federation) took part in the survey. Google Forms service was used to collect statistical information. Data collection was carried out from September 2022 to June 2023. Results of the study. The majority of survey participants who had experience of international cooperation believe that internationalization is important for the development of teacher education. This view is shared by more than half of the respondents who had no international experience. The use of foreign educational practices is considered useful by 32% of respondents. The same number of teachers use educational technologies borrowed from abroad and adapted to the specific realities of the university. The majority of respondents would like to continue international cooperation. Social motives (58%), pragmatic motives (52%), and cognitive motives (75%) dominate among the respondents. A total of 11% of respondents believe that internationalization is harmful to Russian teacher education because it has a pro-Western influence on young people. A significant number of teachers (33%) support the rejection of the Bologna system, as it is, in their opinion, alien to Russian pedagogical traditions. Conclusions. The obtained data suggest that various programs of scientific and educational cooperation with universities of friendly countries are currently in demand and will be able to replace European directions of international activities. The results of the study have shown that at present there is a transition from globalist approaches to internationalization of higher education to models focused on national priorities in Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, like in other Russian universities.

Опыт международного сотрудничества по вопросам инклюзивного образования и перспективы развития инклюзивного образования в Узбекистане

Опыт международного сотрудничества по вопросам инклюзивного образования и перспективы развития инклюзивного образования в Узбекистане

Current trends in international organised crime combating cooperation

Organised crime is one of the most serious problems of our time, causing damage to the environment, and economy and hindering the sustainable development of modern society. The study aims to analyse the regional, historical, socio-political and other factors that affect the quality and effectiveness of international cooperation in the fight against organised crime. The study is based on an analysis of several critical factors that determine effective international cooperation in the fight against organised crime. The methodological basis of the study consists of such methods as comparative and structural-functional analysis, and formal legal methods, which were used to study the current state of organised crime, international mechanisms for combating it and their regulatory framework. The analysis was based on the experience of international cooperation in such countries as the United States, Ukraine, Japan, Australia and Cameroon. The study identified trends in the correlation between the level of organised crime and the level of corruption, regional factors, and the level of civil society development. The findings of the study confirm the view that the international legal obligations assumed by national governments only slightly affect the level of involvement of national authorities in the fight against international organised crime. The study establishes that high-quality international cooperation most often occurs between democracies, but cases of such cooperation between authoritarian and democratic governments are not an exception. The results of the study provide important conclusions for further analysis of organised crime and the possibilities of international cooperation between state authorities and other actors of international relations involved in the fight against organised crime

DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF MAIN TANKS T-64, T-72, T-80 OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE

The article presents the results regarding the set of indicators and criteria that have undergone further development; improved methodology and well-founded promising directions for the development of the main types of tanks in service with the Armed Forces of Ukraine. In addition, a priority series of the level of technical excellence of domestic and foreign tank models has been built.
 The proposed measures will make it possible to increase the combat capabilities of tank military units and units, reduce the number of modifications of the main tanks in the troops, which will simplify their operation, ensure the loading of the state defense order by enterprises of the domestic defense industry, build up the experience of international cooperation in the production of anti-tank weapons, which is extremely necessary for the further integration of Ukraine in the Euro-Atlantic security space, to rationally use the available limited resources in the interests of increasing the capabilities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the conditions of war with an enemy that numerically outnumbers our country by most indicators.
 As a direction of further research, there may be additional consideration in the set of selected indicators of additional technical characteristics that affect the fire capabilities of tanks, as well as cost indicators.

Experience of international cooperation in the field of information security: problems and prospects

The article discusses the international experience of legal provision of information security. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the totality of problems of legal provision of information security are of priority importance for the legal doctrine and legislation of each state having its own national interests and interested in maintaining peace, international and national information security. An overview of the existing international agreements that contribute to the development of legal regulation of international cooperation in the field of information security is given. Particular attention is paid to the processes of formation of international experience in the field of information security within the framework of the functioning of international organizations regulating these issues. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that, given the lack of a coherent system of international information security, the inconsistency of the models currently formed, it is advisable to develop international legal cooperation based on the convergence of the Eurasian and Euro-Atlantic systems of international information security with the active participation of Russia, taking into account the generally recognized principles and norms of international law, while a significant place should be given to issues of personal security in the information sphere, including countering undesirable information and psychological effects. The conclusion is made about increasing cooperation, strengthening allied and partnership relations with foreign countries, while a tendency should be formed to conclude agreements on mutual protection of classified information in the field of information security with a more detailed description of the list of such information, as well as a mechanism for resolving disputes related to violations of the provisions of these agreements.

The role of the International Atomic Energy Agency in the process of ecological rehabilitation of radioactively contaminated territories

The article is devoted to defining the role and practical significance of the activities of the International Agency in the field of atomic energy in the field of ecological rehabilitation of radioactively contaminated territories. The article analyzed the international programs adopted by the International Atomic Energy Agency regarding the environmental rehabilitation of radioactively contaminated territories. The purpose of the article is to determine the role of the International Atomic Energy Agency in the field of international cooperation regarding the ecological rehabilitation of radioactively contaminated territories. Since its creation, special attention has been paid to Ukraine's cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency, in particular, projects to overcome the consequences of the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, as well as programs related to former uranium production facilities located on the territory of the former production association "Prydniprovsk Chemical Plant" have been investigated .
 Based on the analysis of these programs, conclusions were drawn about the role of the International Atomic Energy Agency in the process of remediation of radioactively contaminated territories, and the main forms of cooperation were also determined: assistance in the development and adoption of programs for the remediation of such territories, exchange of experience, provision of technical assistance, improvement of the qualifications of specialists in in this field, assessment and monitoring of the level of radioactive exposure at the relevant facilities. In addition, the article examines the experience of international cooperation of the IAEA with other foreign countries, in particular, the states of Central Asia and Japan.
 The author came to the conclusion that despite the existing international programs of the IAEA in the researched area, since the beginning of the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation into Ukraine on February 24, 2022, the International Atomic Energy Agency states that the Russian forces have violated the safety criteria at nuclear facilities, but to have a real impact and stop violations of safety standards at the temporarily occupied Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant, currently, the international organization is unable. cannot influence the situation to act as a guarantor of nuclear safety.

МІЖНАРОДНЕ СПІВРОБІТНИЦТВО У СФЕРІ КУЛЬТУРИ В УМОВАХ РОСІЙСЬКО-УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ВІЙНИ: КУЛЬТУРОЛОГІЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ

The article analyzes the experience of international cooperation in the field of culture during the Russian-Ukrainian war. Significant achievements in international cooperation by the means of culture resulted in the institutionalization of cultural diplomacy as a tool of the cultural policy of "soft power". Cultural diplomacy includes the exchange of ideas, information, and cultural goods between peoples in order to foster mutual understanding. Thanks to the United24 platform and the Ukrainian Institute, large-scale projects have been implemented last year. These projects aimed at helping victims of war, their rehabilitation, rebuilding cultural infrastructure, Ukraine's involvement in weighty cultural events and processes, and the presentation of Ukrainian culture to the world. Informational, volunteer, rehabilitation, sanctions, diplomatic activities in the field of culture in wartime conditions proved that cultural diplomacy is an effective tool of cultural, humanitarian and security policies. Realization of the main goal of Ukrainian cultural diplomacy – the expansion of Ukraine's recognition abroad is impossible without awareness of the value basis of Ukrainian culture and the belonging of the Ukrainian people to a broad cultural and political context. The issue of the cultural identity of Ukrainians is connected with the colonial past of Ukraine, the aggressive expansion of Russia. The revaluation of the cultural role of Russia gained urgent relevance against the background of the war and, on the one hand, led to the practices of "the cancel culture". This practice is important to ensure that there are no attempts to apparently balance the victims of Ukrainians and Russians in the war, the anonymity of the true victims and the lack of fair retribution for criminals, the silencing of the truth, and war fatigue. On the other hand, such processes aggravated the issue of various "others", who will be able to unite on the basis of a common contemporary Ukrainian culture after the war. Therefore, in order to clarify the specifics of cultural identity, a number of cultural problems arise that require a theoretical solution (the nature of cultural identity, the constitution of cultural subjectivity in the conditions of imperialism and post-colonialism, cultural prejudices, national imagination, "the cancel culture", revaluation of the cultural role of Ukraine). Cultural studies of these issues will strengthen the discussions around the issues of a better political order and the formation of post-colonial cultural policy in Ukraine.

A Factor Analysis Study Affecting High School Students' Global Citizenship

The objective of this study is to develop a sense of global community among young people and to lay the foundation for growth with desirable qualities and capabilities as members of a global civil society. The interpersonal competency was selected to conduct the study. The subjects of this study were high school students in K city located in Gyeonggi-do and analyzed how the gender, academic performance, parents' educational background, conversation time with parents, and participation in international cooperation activities affect global citizenship. Study subjects were a total of 248 high school students. Survey was selected as the study method. Collected questionnaires were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis and correlation analysis using IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science) 21 program, Student’s t-test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). As a result of the analysis, first, it was found that female students had more influence than male students according to gender in global competency, and conversation time with parents was also found to have a significant effect. Second, in terms of self-competence, it was found that students who had experience in international cooperation had more influence than students who did not have experience in international cooperation. Lastly, in interpersonal competency, according to gender, female students were found to have more influence than male students, and conversation time with parents was also found to have a significant effect. Based on the results of this study, it is hoped that in the future, young people will participate in activities that cooperate with the world beyond regional and national identities, thereby providing a framework for recognizing and implementing their attitudes toward responsibility at the global level.

The International Dimension of the EU Emissions Trading System: Bringing the Pieces Together

Abstract We analyse the international dimension of the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) over the past two decades and in the foreseeable future by reviewing facts and economic theory. The facts mainly concern the international climate change regime and the EU’s relevant experience in international cooperation. Club theory shows how incentives can be created for cooperation on climate mitigation. The linkage of the EU ETS to the Kyoto flexible mechanisms had mixed results: it promoted emissions trading abroad, but the inflow of credits into the EU ETS added to a large market surplus and the environmental integrity of certain credits was problematic. Looking ahead, the ability of the EU ETS to reduce foreign emissions may grow. Key will be whether competitiveness and distributional effects are successfully addressed. The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism might help the EU reduce the risk of carbon leakage while incentivising emission reductions in countries exporting to the EU. The EU’s focus on reducing domestic emissions only, suggests we will probably not see new international linkages this decade. However, it cannot be excluded that the EU will revisit its decision and relax the domestic constraint.

International cooperation as one of the directions for the development of the education system

One of the most important directions in the development of the system of secondary vocational education at the present stage is the need to constantly update the content and technologies of vocational education in accordance with current and future requirements for the qualifications of workers. Significant assistance in improving the quality of training of specialists can be provided by the development of international cooperation in the implementation of secondary vocational education programs. Establishing such cooperation will make it possible to take into account advanced foreign experience, increase the attractiveness of educational institutions of secondary vocational education among potential applicants, and bring programs of secondary vocational education to the international market of educational services.To date, international cooperation has received the greatest development in the fi eld of higher education, master’s and postgraduate programs.The experience of international cooperation of the Chelyabinsk Institute of Railways — a branch of the Ural State University of Railways is considered. Information is provided on the main areas of international cooperation, including the search for potential partners among foreign educational organizations, with the subsequent formalization of relationships within the framework of international cooperation agreements, as well as the experience of implementing events within the framework of signed agreements, including the organization of joint international events of educational, scientifi c and sports orientation, work to improve the professional competencies of the personnel potential of Chelyabinsk Institute of Railways — a branch of the Ural State University of Railways through the internships of teachers in educational institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Soviet Medicine in the Cold War: the Experience of International Cooperation and Geopolitical Influence (Second Half of the 1940s — 1970s)

The article is devoted to the transformation of Soviet medical science and practice under the conditions of the development of international relations after World War II. The main attention was placed on the study of scientific and social medical projects, which were implemented by the USSR during the Cold War under the influence of foreign policy trends and priorities. The analysis of foreign, Soviet and Russian historiography shows that researchers have made serious progress in the study of medicine in the sphere of international relations. At the same time, the Soviet medical global project has not been sufficiently examined, which is due both to the source base and to the lack of a sociopolitical context in these works. The main documents for this article are recently declassified materials held in the fonds of the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History, the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History, the State Archive of the Russian Federation, and the Russian State Archive of Economics. The authors analyze the development of Soviet medical projects during the period of “late” Stalinism, in the 1950s and 1960s, and in the 1970s. The authors conclude that the Soviet global medical project constantly sought to expand. Thus, the first postwar years provided the foundations for the sustainability of the Soviet project within the socialist bloc, in the 1960s it would begin to spread to the Third World, and in the 1970s it would compete in the leading countries of the world. An important component of the Soviet medical project was the fight against epidemic and infectious diseases in post-colonial countries, the prevention of socially significant diseases and non-communicable diseases, as well as intensive scientific-medical and medical-technical exchanges through bilateral and multilateral partnerships. The Soviet medical project made possible not only competition between the two superpowers, but also cooperation in such important areas as the fight against smallpox or cooperation in shaping the international public dialogue on denuclearization. In general, the authors believe that an analysis of Soviet medicine during the Cold War allows us to show its role in the Soviet geopolitical construct, thus evaluating its ideological and applied components.

Protection of cultural heritage: modern realities and experience of international cooperation

In the context of the recent full-scale Russian aggression against Ukraine, a global tectonic shift is taking place in the system of political, economic and socio-cultural interaction. New coordinates of cooperation, mutual assistance and support in the international cultural space are being formed. The Russian war against Ukraine, the scale of its cruelty, influenced the world community's awareness of globality, mutual dependence and responsibility for the well-being of humanity as a whole. The creation of strategic alliances for the protection of cultural heritage ensures the stability of the joint path of unique communities, nations, and states to a successful future. The article is aimed at analyzing the modern realities of the protection of the cultural heritage of Ukraine in conditions of war and the experience of international organizations, their cooperation in supporting the uniqueness of Ukrainian culture, the activities of UNESCO and ALIPH as an integral part of a wider management system of international cooperation in supporting unique cultural resources, "unity in diversity".

Bilateral Historical Committees as an Example of Scientific Diplomacy

An article by the famous Russian historian A. O. Chubaryan is devoted to the gradual development of science diplomacy as an independent scientific discipline, the implementation of its principles and ideas in practice and the study of Russian experience in this area. The author dwells in particular detail on the work of bilateral commissions of historians, which have become an example of genuine science diplomacy. Despite the initial skepticism, the constructive approach, on the one hand, of Russian historians, and, on the other hand, of their German, Austrian, Polish and Lithuanian colleagues, has made it possible in recent years to publish a number of joint books for secondary school teachers on the most problematic and topical issues of history. The author calls for more active use of the experience of the Cold War, when international scientific expert groups were formed, which jointly searched for ways to alleviate international tension and exit from the acute phase of the Cold War. The publication of archival documents also plays an important role in realizing the goals of science diplomacy. In general, in recent years, despite the aggravation of the international situation, Russian historians have gained considerable experience in international cooperation, the best confirmation of which was the holding of the first ever World Congress of School History Teachers in Moscow in 2021, and in September 2022 in St. Petersburg — conferences with the participation of authors of school textbooks from around the world.

Russia and the International Institute of Agriculture in Rome: Diplomacy, Ideology, Pragmatics (1905–1945)

The first specialised international agricultural organisations emerged in the first half of the twentieth century. The article complements the poorly studied history of the experience of international cooperation within these structures, given that in 1905 Russia was one of the founders of the first international intergovernmental agrarian organisation – the International Institute of Agriculture (IIA). Drawing on official documents from the IIA and the Russian Empire, as well as archival materials from the Soviet period, the author identifies two periods in the history of cooperation between Russia and the IIA: 1905–1917 and 1931–1936/37. The Russian Empire contributed large sums to the IIA budget. The IIA was in contact with Russian imperial authorities and collaborated with the Empire's eminent scientists. The partial restoration of relations between the USSR and IIA in the 1930s was in keeping with the foreign economic interests of the Soviet authorities in the context of the first five-year plans and the implementation of the general political course towards cooperation with foreign scientific, technical, and commercial establishments. The rapprochement between the USSR and IIA began at the International Wheat Conference in Rome in the spring of 1931. The participation of Russia in IIA shows the pragmatic aspects of its foreign policy, as well as the political and diplomatic potential for international communication within the framework of an international specialised organisation.

Experience in International Cooperation on Organization of Anti-Epidemic Measures by Health Care Institutions under COVID-19 Pandemic in the Republic of Uzbekistan

The results of the joint work of a panel of experts from Rospotrebnadzor and healthcare professionals of the Republic of Uzbekistan on organizing activities to counter the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus are described in the paper.The goal of the study was to determine the main driving forces of COVID-19 spread in the Republic of Uzbekistan and develop an action plan to reduce the incidence of coronavirus infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.Materials and methods. The organization of work in 14 health care institutions in Tashkent and Samarkand, as well as in Tashkent and Samarkand Regions, was analyzed: in 7 laboratories, 6 hospitals and 1 polyclinic. The routes for the movement of personnel, the demarcation of green and red zones, the features of disinfection and the use of personal protective equipment were studied. Attention is drawn to the diagnosis of COVID-19, the use of therapy aimed at reducing the period of virus shedding, the criteria for lifting quarantine restrictions for patients.Results and discussion. The main factors in the organization of work of institutions that contribute to the spread of COVID-19 among medical personnel and the population have been identifed: the lack of equipped gateways between the red and green zones with the accessibility of adequate disinfection, the wrong choice of personal protective equipment, monitoring of contact persons for 10 days, discharge from hospitals based on clinical improvement. The incorrect use of antiviral therapy, the lack of differentiated approaches to the selection of optimal regimens have been noted. Proposals are formulated for organizing the work of healthcare institutions, taking into account the requirements of biological safety. The introduction of targeted measures in addition to those previously adopted has led to a signifcant improvement in the epidemic situation: the total number of active cases in the Republic of Uzbekistan, despite the increase in testing volumes, decreased from 3,686 people on August 23 to 2335 on October 27. Towards December 20, 2020, 97 % of patients recovered completely. All diagnostic triage centers in the Republic of Uzbekistan are closed due to the absence of patients with COVID-19, most of the country’s medical institutions previously re-profled for patients with coronavirus infection have returned to the routine operations.

Experience of international cooperation in developing epidemic control measures during COVID-19 spread in the Republic of Moldova

The purpose of the study — to identify the factors contributing to the spread of the novel coronavirus infection within the territory of the Republic of Moldova and to develop measures aimed at their elimination.Materials and methods. In May 2020, experts of Rospotrebnadzor (the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing), together with leading employees of institutions participating in planning and implementing measures aimed at prevention of COVID-19 spread, conducted a detailed analysis of epidemic control and curative measures in 10 healthcare organizations in the Republic of Moldova. They assessed the effectiveness of the undertaken actions in in-patient facilities, in laboratories, and in the country in general.Results. The existing approaches to treatment of patients with COVID-19 and to laboratory diagnostics were in line with the common practices; the adequacy of measures was evidenced by the hospital bed capacity and the stock of artificial lung ventilation machines. In the meantime, the experts came across the factors that obviously contributed to the infection spread. Their elimination could intercept some paths of infection and improve the situation.Conclusion. The analysis of the current measures and their results is important for planning and implementing actions aimed at improvement of the epidemic situation in different regions. The collaborative efforts helped slow down the outbreak in the Bender psychoneurological residential facility; outbreaks were prevented in other limited-access institutions; the incidence among healthcare workers decreased; the daily number of new COVID-19 cases decreased to 0–5 during the summer months in the Dniestrian Moldovan Republic. Presently, there is a clear picture of approaches that should be taken to decrease the incidence. Most likely, the experience obtained in the fight against the novel coronavirus infection will be of great use in future if any new variants of viruses emerge.

Distance forms of philological learning in PFUR and Al-Farabi KazNU: cooperation experience and its prospects

The article deals with the interaction of partner universities in the development and implementation of network language education and formation of students’ Russian-speaking communicative competence and its individual components in the global educational environment. The authors describe the experience of using the information and communication Russian-language environment in the field of philological education of PFUR (Russia, Moscow) and Al-Farabi Kazakh National University (Kazakhstan, Almaty), providing enrichment of professional and pedagogical competence of future teachers of Russian language and literature. As part of the joint collaboration, the pilot project developed a curriculum that included both specialized disciplines and courses within the philological specialties and a psychological and pedagogical block, which prepares graduates for professional activities as teachers and educators of Russian language and literature. The project also analyzes and implements other forms of interaction (faculty exchange programs, in-service training, internships for PhD students) that contribute to maintaining the competitiveness of language education and the teaching community. The long experience of international cooperation between Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and PFUR in teacher training shows that joint educational projects are a mutually beneficial form of interaction that contributes to improving the quality of philological education, intensive development of scientific, methodological and cultural relations between Kazakhstan and Russia.   Key words: academic mobility, double degree, joint educational program, inclusive learning, network learning and cooperation, partner university.

DIGITALIZATION FOR INCREASED ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE SERVICES: CASE OF LATVIA

. The aim of the present study is to consider a range of problems that are to be solved during the implementation of the projects aimed at increasing the access to healthcare and based on the achievements of the new technological order on the example of Latvia, primarily the e-health project. Since January1, 2018, the use of the e-health system in Latvia is mandatory, but so far only the “Digital Prescription (e-prescription)” project has been functioning at full capacity. The experience with the introduction and the use of digital medicine in Latvia indicates a large range of problems faced by state institutions and local self-government institutions, medical establishments, medical personnel and patients. A systematic vision of the problems of implementing digital medicine requires a necessity, at least, of taking into account and solving seven relatively independent tasks: technical and technological, economic, legal, organizational, managerial, social, psychological, and cultural ones. In terms of systemic vision, the assessment of these aspects of the e-health programme implementation is presented by means of an extensive use of data retrieved from international organizations, Latvian state statistics, scientific research studies, including the ones carried out by the authors. The main conclusion of the study is the need for the theory and the practice of the increasing access to healthcare based on digital medicine, taking into account a more complete variety of factors that stimulate and constrain this process, and involving specialists from the sphere of social sciences. The importance of the problem has significantly increased amid COVID-19 crisis. So far, there are no relevant statistics on the availability of medical services during the pandemic, but individual assessments and recommendations of specialists indicate the need for a speedy and coordinated global promotion of e-health. The example of Latvia demonstrates that there are significant barriers to e-health. An accelerated decision process regarding the given issue is not always related to the economic resources of the country. Our studies show the importance of solving institutional problems, ensuring the better mainstreaming of psychological, socio-cultural and social factors. In our opinion, the upcoming project by the Latvian researchers “Latvia. Human Development Report” should be devoted to the most topical issue of e-health. While working on this project, it would be crucial to use the experience of specialists from other countries where similar studies have been conducted (Georgia, Ukraine, Poland, etc.) and experience of international cooperation in the framework of other social projects has already been accumulated.

Опыт международного сотрудничества в борьбе с организованной преступностью

Purpose. Explore the experience of international cooperation against organized crime and identify key positions for improving Russia’s interaction with other countries in this area. Methodology: the basic method of the presented scientific research was the comparative legal method, within the framework of which a diachronic and synchronous, normative and functional comparison of the experience of cooperation in the fight against organized crime was carried out. Conclusions. 1. Without international cooperation, success in the fight against organized crime is impossible. 2. The legal basis for international cooperation in the fight against organized crime is the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime of November 15, 2000. 3. An important component of international cooperation in this area is the relevant international organizations: a) UN Office on Drugs and Crime; b) Interpol; c) Europol. 4. Proposals for international cooperation in combating organized crime, which are enshrined in the corresponding US Strategy, are of interest. 5. For Russian law enforcement agencies, the overall coordination of their efforts in international cooperation is of great importance. Scientific and practical significance. The conclusions contained in the article are of practical importance for analyzing the effectiveness of international cooperation in the fight against organized crime.