Experience Of Depression Research Articles

Subjective Well-Being, Willingness to Accept COVID Policies, and Vulnerability: Evidence from China

China has experienced dramatic economic growth and poverty reduction over the last two decades, leading the country to declare victory in eradicating extreme poverty in 2021. While the country’s track record in poverty reduction is certainly respectable, income poverty is only one dimension of broader wellbeing. Increasingly, the notions of vulnerability and subjective well-being (SWB) have been noted by researchers and practitioners worldwide. However, the widespread outbreak of COVID-19 pressed hard on people’s livelihoods, potentially impacting SWB or tipping vulnerable households into a state of poverty. These states may impact households’ support for China’s strict measures to control the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19. To date, however, few studies have rigorously assessed household welfare and its relationship with SWB and subjective acceptance of aggressive COVID-related policies during the pandemic. Our results suggest that vulnerable households, on average, were less happy, experienced depression more frequently, and were subject to negative emotions impeding their ability to complete their work during the early period of the pandemic. Analysis also suggests that the vulnerable are less willing to accept the closure of work places, and became less confident in the government and the health system. The relationships between vulnerability, SWB, and acceptance of COVID-related policies are heterogenous and are conditional on the source of vulnerability. To enhance pre-pandemic progress in poverty elimination in China, the findings of this study suggest that interventions that can stabilize income variability also needs to be prioritized alongside raising income levels in the policy agenda.

Changes to sleep patterns and insomnia symptoms following cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in adolescents.

It is unclear whether treatment for an anxiety disorder improves sleep. This study examined baseline sleep characteristics of adolescents with an anxiety disorder, comparing weekdays and weekends, and whether there were significant improvements in sleep following cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT). To improve our understanding of sleep problems in adolescents with an anxiety disorder and examine whether CBT for the treatment of the anxiety disorder improves sleep. Data was gathered from 179 participants with an anxiety disorder (11-17 years old) who had previously engaged with the out-patient child and adolescent mental health service. Baseline self-report measures of anxiety and depression symptoms, sleep patterns and experiences of insomnia were examined. Of this group, 135 participants had baseline data. A subset (n=73) had outcome data, which was used to examine changes in sleep following CBT. At baseline, adolescents reported significantly less total sleep and more night-time waking on weekdays than weekends. Following treatment for their anxiety disorder, adolescents' weekday sleep patterns significantly improved for sleep onset latency and total sleep time, whereas weekend sleep patterns only showed improvements for sleep onset latency. No significant improvements were reported for symptoms of insomnia. The study relied upon subjective measurement of sleep and there was no control group; however, the findings provide promising results that CBT for adolescent anxiety disorders can improve some sleep problems. Further research is needed to understand discrepancies between subjective and objective sleep, and to explore avenues for the delivery of support for sleep problems.

Sleep quality and psychological health in patients with pelvic and acetabulum fractures: a cross-sectional study

Background and objectivesIt is known that difficulty sleeping after a fracture can have negative effects on both mental and physical health and may prolong the recovery process. The objective of this study is to explore how sleep quality and psychological health are linked in patients with pelvic and acetabulum fractures.MethodsA study was conducted on 265 patients between 2018 and 2022 who had suffered pelvic and acetabulum fractures. The study examined various factors, including age, gender, cause of injury, post-operative complications, and injury severity. The study employed ordinal logistic regression to examine the relationship between various pelvic fractures and seven subscales of the Majeed Pelvic Score (MPS), as well as the Sleep Disorder Questionnaire (SDQ) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The study focused on the postoperative outcome one year after surgery, and each patient was assessed at the one-year mark after surgical intervention. Additionally, the study evaluated the functional outcome, sleep quality, and psychological disorders of the patients.ResultsFrom 2018 to 2022, a total of 216 patients suffered from pelvic and acetabulum fractures. Among them, 6.6% experienced borderline clinical depression, and 45.2% reported mild mood disturbances. Anxiety was found to be mild to moderate in 46% of Tile C and posterior acetabulum wall fracture patients. About 24.8% of patients reported insomnia, while 23.1% reported sleep movement disorders. However, no significant correlation was found between fracture types and sleep disorders. The mean Majeed pelvic score (MPS) was 89.68.Conclusions Patients with pelvic and acetabular fractures typically experience functional improvement, but may also be at increased risk for insomnia and sleep movement disorders, particularly for certain types of fractures. Psychological well-being varies between fracture groups, with signs of borderline clinical depression observed in some cases. However, anxiety levels do not appear to be significantly correlated with pelvic and acetabular fractures.

Психологические особенности взрослых, переживших сексуальное насилие в детском или подростково-юношеском возрасте

<p style="text-align: justify;">The relevance of the study is determined by the contradictory ideas about the psychological characteristics of people who experienced sexual violence in childhood or adolescence. The study was exploratory in nature and had no hypothesis. The sample consisted of 40 adults with experience of sexual violence at the specified ages. Interviews, “Traumatic Stress Questionnaire”, “Unfinished Sentences”, "Time Perspective Questionnaire”, “Auto- and Heteroaggression Questionnaire”, “Self-Attitude Research Methodology” were used. The relationships between the values were evaluated according to the scales of the methods (Spearman’s r, p≤0.01). The inconsistency and vulnerability of self-attitude, the severity of depressive and anxious experiences, the psychological alienation of the past, and the negative perception of relationships with parents came to the fore. The emotional-protective role of the mnestic-attentive decrease is determined, the resource features of self-attitude and relationships with others are revealed. The importance of further studies of victims of different gender, age and nosological affiliation, as well as comparing the information obtained with the characteristics of victims who did not seek professional help, is substantiated.</p>

Психологические особенности взрослых, переживших сексуальное насилие в детском или подростково-юношеском возрасте

<p style="text-align: justify;">The relevance of the study is determined by the contradictory ideas about the psychological characteristics of people who experienced sexual violence in childhood or adolescence. The study was exploratory in nature and had no hypothesis. The sample consisted of 40 adults with experience of sexual violence at the specified ages. Interviews, “Traumatic Stress Questionnaire”, “Unfinished Sentences”, "Time Perspective Questionnaire”, “Auto- and Heteroaggression Questionnaire”, “Self-Attitude Research Methodology” were used. The relationships between the values were evaluated according to the scales of the methods (Spearman’s r, p≤0.01). The inconsistency and vulnerability of self-attitude, the severity of depressive and anxious experiences, the psychological alienation of the past, and the negative perception of relationships with parents came to the fore. The emotional-protective role of the mnestic-attentive decrease is determined, the resource features of self-attitude and relationships with others are revealed. The importance of further studies of victims of different gender, age and nosological affiliation, as well as comparing the information obtained with the characteristics of victims who did not seek professional help, is substantiated.</p>

Factors associated with depression among Type-2 Diabetic Patients in Nepal

Background: The worldwide health scenario is undergoing a shift from infectious diseases to non-communicable ones, and diabetes is now the seventh major contributor to global mortality. Depression, anticipated to be the second-highest contributor to Disability Adjusted Life Years by 2020, presents a notable public health challenge. The probability of experiencing depression is elevated two to three times in individuals with diabetes, particularly those diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of depression and associated factors in Type 2 diabetic patients in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 151 Type 2 diabetic patients visiting Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Nepal. Patients were selected by systematic random sampling at an interval of every third diabetic patient attending the Out-Patient Department. Depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory. Data was analyzed using STATA-14 where logistic regression was performed to ascertain associations (P value <0.05) of sociodemographic, behavioral and clinical characteristics with depression. Results: The prevalence of depression among Type 2 diabetic patients was 28.5%. Among them, 15.2% had mild depression, 11.9% had moderate depression and 1.4% had severe depression. The odds of having depression was 1.24 times higher with 1 unit increase in HbA1C level (AOR=1.24, 95%CI:1.09-1.42, P-value=0.001), 4.62 times higher in patients having retinopathy as comorbidity (AOR=4.62, 95%CI:1.63-13.11, P-value=0.04) and 6.36 times higher in patients taking insulin for treatment (AOR=6.36, 95%CI:1.79-22.53, P-value=0.004) after adjusting for age, sex, occupation, marital status, ethnicity income and education. Conclusion: The study revealed that more than a quarter of Type 2 diabetic patients in this sample experienced depression. Factors such as HbA1C, treatment by insulin and retinopathy as comorbidity were identified as significant contributors. These findings highlight the emerging problem of depression among diabetic patients, emphasizing the need for integrated mental health services in diabetes care.

Interaction between anxiety symptoms and decreased meaning in life: One possible pathway linking childhood trauma and depression- evidence from the network analysis

BackgroundRobust evidence suggests that individuals exposed to childhood trauma are more vulnerable to suffering from later depression. However, the pathway connecting the experience of childhood trauma and depression remains unclear. Participants and settingsA total of 3663 participants from six colleges in China completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7, and Multidimensional Existential Meaning Scale. Among all participants, 3115 (Mage = 19.20, SDage = 1.38, males = 1384) participants met the selective standard of suffering from childhood trauma and were divided into the traumatized depressed group (the DT group) (n = 1432, Mage = 19.26, males = 700) and traumatized non-depressed group (the UDT group) (n = 1683, Mage = 19.15, males = 684). MethodsIn the present study, we examined the comorbidity of anxiety and the facets of meaning in the life network model. We then calculated the bridge symptoms and compared the networks of the DT group and the UDT group. ResultsThe results of the t-test showed that the DT group scored significantly higher on all symptoms of anxiety and significantly lower on all dimensions of meaning in life compared to the UDT group. Meanwhile, the strongest bridge exists between “Mattering” and “Restlessness” in the symptom network of the DT group, while there is no bridge in the symptom network of the UDT group. The result of NCT indicates that the global strength and the EI value of “Mattering” are significantly higher in the symptom network of the DT group than in the UDT group. ConclusionIntervention targeting improving the self-esteem of individuals suffering from childhood trauma may help to alleviate their depression and anxiety symptoms.

Depression and thoughts of self-harm or suicide among gender and sexually diverse people in a regional Australian community.

There is a paucity of data regarding depression and thoughts of self-harm or suicide among gender and sexually diverse (GSD) people living within Australian regional/rural locations. This study aims to elucidate these issues and fill a critical gap. The sample included 91 GSD people from a regional community in South-West Queensland utilising the PHQ-9 to determine presence/severity of depression and self-harm/suicide ideation. These data were drawn from a larger health and wellbeing survey. Raw mean scores were calculated to determine prevalence/severity of clinical symptoms. Bayesian ordinal regression models were employed to analyse between-subgroup differences in depression and self-harm/suicide ideation. Overall, 80.2% of GSD sample experienced depression (35.2% severe, 45.1% mild/moderate) and 41.8% experienced self-harm/suicide ideation in the past two-weeks. Trans and nonbinary people experienced higher levels of depressions than sexually diverse cisgender people. Pansexual and bisexual people experienced higher levels of depression than gay people. Trans people experienced higher prevalence of self-harm/suicide ideation than cisgender and nonbinary people, with no differences between sexuality subgroups. These findings contribute to deeper and more nuanced insights regarding clinically salient depressive and self-harm/suicide ideation symptoms among trans, nonbinary, bisexual, pansexual and queer people in regional Australian communities, with the aim to ultimately reduce mental health prevalence, improve mental health outcomes and health promotion among GSD people. SO WHAT?: The current findings revealed GSD people experience high prevalence of depression and self-harm/suicide ideation indicating tailored mental health awareness-raising, training and health promotion is warranted to enhance psychological support.

The experience of Thai adolescents with depression: A qualitative study.

People who have depression experience a maelstrom of emotion as they attempt to understand what is happening to them. While the experience has been quite extensively documented in adults and older individuals, there is a great deal less information available about adolescent depression experiences and reactions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the experiences of Thai-adolescents suffering from depression. Interpretative phenomenological analysis. Fourteen adolescents were recruited from a secondary school in Chiangrai province, Thailand. Semi-structured interviews were carried out. Interviews were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. The following four themes were identified: (1) struggling to make sense of their situation, (2) feeling down and withdrawing, (3) contemplating self-harm and (4) therapy as a last choice. The results point to the continuing significance of promoting psychoeducation for Thai-adolescents with depression as well as parents, school nurses and health providers while eliminating stigma.

Prevalence of Paternal Prenatal Depression and Its Associated Factors in Saudi Arabia.

Paternal prenatal depression affects not only the fathers but also their spouses and children's future lives. Many socioeconomic and cultural factors affect the probability of paternal depression. Little is known about the prevalence of and factors associated with paternal prenatal depression in the Middle East. To estimate the prevalence of paternal prenatal depression among fathers visiting a tertiary university hospital, as well as to determine the factors associated with paternal prenatal depression within study participants. This analytical cross-sectional study included 442 fathers whose wives were pregnant and were undergoing regular assessments at antenatal clinics in a tertiary university hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to assess paternal depression. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. The prevalence of paternal prenatal depression was 26.9%. It was correlated with smoking (odds ratio (OR)=1.8, p=0.006), maternal depression (OR=4.59, p<0.001), and experiencing isolation (OR=5.34, p<0.001). The odds of paternal prenatal depression decreased with social support from friends and family (OR=0.227 and 0.133, respectively) and p<0.001. Paternal prenatal depression was prevalent within the study participants. Notably, experiences of isolation and maternal depression emerged as prominent factors that were significantly associated with the manifestation of paternal depression. Consequently, it becomes imperative to implement systematic depression screenings for expectant fathers and to meticulously consider the array of the factors associated with paternal depression.

Analyzing Depressive Symptoms Among Elderly Cancer Patients: A Comprehensive Examination of Demographic and Medical Correlates.

This study aimed to explore the relationship between depressive symptoms and demographic as well as health-related variables in elderly individuals diagnosed with cancer. A cohort of 50 elderly cancer patients participated in the study. Data collection involved the completion of surveys and assessments encompassing demographic characteristics, medical profiles, levels of depression, cognitive functioning, activities of daily living, and perceived social support. Findings revealed that among the elderly participants, 45% experienced mild depression, 20% exhibited moderate depression, and 5% showed severe depression. Depression levels were found to be linked to marital status (P = 0.03), with widowed individuals reporting the highest depression rates (80%) and single individuals reporting the lowest (4%). Living arrangements were significantly associated with depression (P = 0.012), with participants cohabiting with their partner and children showing lower depression rates (6%) compared to those living solely with their children (40%). Additionally, depression showed a significant correlation with income (P = 0.01), as individuals reporting insufficient income for living expenses displayed higher levels of depression (58%). Furthermore, depression was notably linked to chronic health conditions like diabetes and respiratory ailments (P = .023), with individuals grappling with respiratory issues reporting the highest depression scores. Recognizing and addressing factors such as marital status, living situation, income level, and the presence of chronic illnesses hold the potential for healthcare professionals to tailor interventions effectively to meet the specific requirements of this vulnerable demographic. This tailored approach has the capability to contribute significantly to enhancing the overall well-being and mental health outcomes of elderly cancer patients.

The impact of chronic pain and depression on medication for opioid use disorder treatment: A mixed-methods analysis.

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) is a cost-effective treatment, but retention rates vary widely. Mixed methods studies are needed to better understand how depression and pain impact the experience of OUD and MOUD treatment experiences. Participants were recruited from an urban addiction treatment center in the United States. Along with demographic characteristics, current pain severity, pain interference, pain catastrophizing, and depression were assessed via self-report. Correlational analyses, multivariable logistic regression models, Fisher exact tests, and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to examine the impact of demographic characteristics, physical pain, and depression on multiple treatment outcomes: 90-day treatment engagement (total number of dispensed MOUD doses), retention (yes/no still in treatment at 90 days), and opioid use (positive/negative urinalysis for opioids at 90 days). Ten participants were interviewed about their history with physical pain, depression, opioid use, and OUD treatment experiences. Themes were identified using a rapid analysis, top-down approach. Fifty participants enrolled in the study and received buprenorphine (12%) or methadone (88%). Older age was associated with 90-day treatment engagement. Higher depression scores were associated with a positive opioid urinalysis at 90-day follow-up. In interviews, participants reported experiencing chronic physical pain and depression before and during their OUD and an interest in addressing mental and physical health in addiction treatment. Addressing co-occurring physical and mental health concerns during MOUD treatment has the potential to improve the treatment experience and abstinence from opioids.

Prevalence and predictors of Anxiety and Depression among Adolescents and Young Adults: Findings from the MoreGoodDays Support Program in Alberta, Canada

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has led to a rise in psychological disorders among adolescents and young adults. There is an increase in the prevalence of likely anxiety and likely depression among the subscribers of MoreGoodDays supportive text message program, reflecting the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on this cohort.ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence, severity, and correlates of likely generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and likely major depressive disorder (MDD) among subscribers of MoreGoodDays program.MethodsThis study used a cross-sectional design. An online survey questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and clinical information from subscribers of MoreGoodDays program, a daily supportive text message program co-designed with adolescents and young adults for their peers in Alberta. Validated instruments, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder GAD-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 PHQ-9 were used to collect information on likely GAD and likely major depressive disorder (MDD), respectively. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 25 using chi-squared tests and binary logistic regression analysis.Results343 subscribers of MoreGoodDays participated in the survey. Overall, 117 (56.0%) respondents had a likely MDD and 97 (46.6%) had a likely GAD. Participants who would like to receive mental health counselling were 27 times more likely to experience GAD (OR = 27; 95% CI: 3.09–250.00) and 40 times more likely to experience MDD (OR = 40.03; 95% CI: 4.43–361.51) than those who did not. Respondents who had received mental health counselling in the past were 18.5 times more likely to experience MDD compared with those who had not (OR = 18.52; 95% CI: 1.55–200.00). Demographic variables, including age, education, employment, and relationship status, and clinical variables, such as history of anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, ADHD, and adverse childhood experience, did not independently the predict presence of likely GAD or MDD in subscribers of MoreGoodDays.ConclusionsThe prevalence of anxiety and depression was relatively high among subscribers of MoreGoodDays, indicating the long-term effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. This finding has significant implications in the broader context of mental health research and emphasizes the need for more research into innovative mental health support for this cohort. The desire to receive counselling was predictive of both anxiety and depression and is a positive sign of the openness of this cohort to receive psychological intervention. Since this group is mostly adapted to mobile text technology, government agencies and policymakers should prioritize and implement readily accessible interventions such as supportive text messages to support their psychological well-being.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Thrombolysis treatment protected impairment of functional ability, quality of life and fatigue seven years after stroke

ObjectivesWe studied quality of life, functional outcome, depression, and fatigue of ischemic stroke patients treated with or without thrombolysis seven years post-stroke. Materials and methodsA total of 204 ischemic stroke patients treated with or without thrombolysis during 2013–2015. After seven years the 136 survivors were assessed with telephone interview, which included questions about subjective quality of life (European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions), depression, fatigue with Fatigue Severity Scale, functional ability assessed with Barthel Index and Modified Rankin Scale, living conditions, need of care, and medical aids. ResultsAt admission patients with thrombolysis had higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores compared with those not treated with thrombolysis. At seven years post-stroke, 99% of alive patients answered the questionnaires. There were no group differences concerning functional outcome, quality of life, depression, fatigue, or insomnia. The Barthel Index was normal in both groups. The quality of life was good in both groups without group differences in any domains. Of all patients, 68% reported no problems in usual activities, and 61% were without pain. Anxiety or depression were experienced by 19% of all stroke patients, while fatigue was present in 32% of cases. ConclusionsSeven years post-stroke the quality of life was good and functional outcome remained in good level in both study groups. One third experienced fatigue, while every fifth experienced depression. The thrombolysis treatment seems to protect from decreased quality of life, fatigue, and decreased mobility, self-care, and usual activities despite more severe stroke.

Clinical subtypes of postpsychotic depression in the first episode of schizophrenia: results of a cross-sectional observational study

BACKGROUND: Clinical diagnosis of depression in schizophrenia is difficult because of the dimensional overlap of a number of affective symptoms with negative manifestations of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. In the very first attack of schizophrenia, when the negative symptom complex is not yet clear enough, the difficulties of differential diagnosis become even more relevant, especially when depression occurs in the post-attack stage during the formation of remission and the manifestation of postpsychotic depression.&#x0D; AIM: To establish a diagnostic approach based on a combination of clinical-psychopathological and psychometric methods for the assessment of postpsychotic depression in patients with a first episode of schizophrenia.&#x0D; MATERIAL AND METHODS: We are examined 1112 patients who had suffered a first psychotic episode. Аfter introducing inclusion/exclusion criteria, two groups were formed in the final design: 243 patients with postpsychotic depression (PPD) and 119 patients without depression in partial remission. Clinical-psychopathological, psychometric (PANSS, CDSS, SCL-90-R scales), and statistical (descriptive, non-parametric statistics — significance level p 0.05) methods were used.&#x0D; RESULTS: Based on the concept of positive-negative affectivity, three types of PPD have been identified: with signs of positive affectivity — anxious, sensitive-psychasthenic, depersonalisation-hypochondriacal and melancholic-anergic subtypes; with signs of negative affectivity anhedonic, dysthymic-apathetic and dysphoric subtypes; formed due to psychopathological manifestations of the non-affective register — obsessive-ruminative, agoraphobic, paranoid-symbolic subtypes. Patients who were diagnosed with PPD with positive affectivity after an attack were predominat (p 0.05): 46.91% of the total number of depressed patients. PPD formed due to non-affective spectrum disorders is accompanied by the strongest subjective severity of suffering in patients, compared to patients diagnosed with PPD with positive affectivity. Subjectively, the easiest for patients is PPD with negative affectivity, which, however, does not mean that it can be considered as favourable from the standpoint of therapy and rehabilitation.&#x0D; CONCLUSION: PPD is detected in a significant number of patients with a first psychotic episode, even after excluding the group with pharmacogenic depression, both due to subjective complaints, nosogenic depressive experiences, and as a result of a psychometric assessment of the patients’ condition. The concept of “dissociated post-attack depression” is substantiated.

How do depressed people feel perceived by others? A qualitative study from the patient's perspective

BackgroundDepression is a condition which affects the individuals’ entire existence. The difficulty in emotionally tuning in to the environment and the resulting sensation of loneliness have frequently been described as salient points of depressive experience. To our knowledge there are no studies that phenomenologically analyze how depressed people feel perceived by others. MethodsAiming to fill this gap, this study builds on a previous work, which carried out a literature screening and a thematic analysis on the subjective experience of depression. The narratives collected in this way were analyzed using a bottom-up qualitative method (Consensual Quality Research). ResultsFour main categories of experience related to perceived social apprehension of depression have been identified: (1) feeling guilty about not meeting others' expectations, (2) feeling socially misunderstood, (3) bringing to light an inconvenient truth that others do not want to see, and (4) hiding from exposure to the judgement of others. LimitationsA broader and more specific data collection on the topic is missing. ConclusionsDepressed patients often feel misunderstood by their social environment, which belittles or dramatizes their condition or doesn't realize how otherwise normal requests can instead cost a lot of effort, generating feelings of guilt and inability. This frequently pushes depressed individuals to try to hide their condition by isolating themselves or wearing a social mask. The difficulty in emotional attunement already present in depression can only worsen in the face of this feeling of incomprehension, generating a vicious circle of non-recognition that ends up maintaining the depressive state.

Abstract P303: Investigating the Relationship Between Cardiovascular Diseases and Major Depressive Disorder Among Asians and Pacific Islanders

Background: Poorer mental health is associated with greater cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity, recovery, and mortality. Experiencing CVD is also associated with poorer mental health after a CVD event. What has been less examined, is how these associations differ among disaggregated Asian and Pacific Islander (API) groups who have a lower burden of both CVD and poor mental health relative to other racial groups. Objective: To examine the association between CVD diagnosis and experiencing major depressive disorder (MDD) among API people and how it differs between racial groups. Methods: We used survey data (n=5,229) from a study of API patients in Hawai’i and California with a linked electronic health record (EHR) data. Race, sex, body mass index (BMI) and CHD, Stroke, and PVD diagnosis were obtained from EHR while MI and CAD diagnoses were from the survey. Data on health behaviors and social determinants were obtained from the survey. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine the association between CVD and MDD. Results: Overall prevalence of MDD was 9.2%. Non-Hispanic White people (6.1%) had the lowest prevalence while “Pacific Islander and White” people had the highest prevalence (12.8%). In the fully adjusted models (Table), people who had a stroke (OR = 1.34, p &lt; .001), CHD (OR = 1.32, p = .01), CAD (OR = 1.35, p = .016) or PVD (OR = 1.49, p &lt; .001) had increased odds of MDD. There was a significant interaction between CAD and increased MDD that differed for Filipino, Asian Indian, “Pacific Islander and Asian”, “Asian and White”, and “Pacific Islander and White” groups compared to Non-Hispanic White people. Conclusion: Diagnosis of certain CVDs could increase the risk of experiencing MDD with potential race group differences for CAD. Further efforts should be made to protect the mental health of patients that have experienced a diagnosis of CVD as MDD can further harm their health outcomes. Moreover, research and treatment should consider potential racial differences in the experience of depression and CVD.

Factors Associated With Anxiety and Depression in Persons With Epilepsy (PWE).

Epilepsy is a common neurological disease that is associated with increased morbidity and mortalityglobally. Persons withepilepsy(PWE) experience a heavy emotional burden mainly due to social stigmatization and limited opportunities in life. The purposeof this study was to explore factors associated with anxiety and depression in PWE. In the present cross-sectional study, we enrolled 100 PWE who visited outpatient settings in a public hospital for scheduled follow-up. Data collection was carried out bythe completion of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), which included participants' characteristics.The statistical significance level wasp< 0.05. Of the 100 participants, the majority were women (65%),below 50 years old (62%), and single (40%). In terms of mental comorbidity, 58% and 48% experienced anxiety and depression, respectively. A statistically significant association was observed between anxiety and age (p = 0.002). Furthermore, a statistically significant association was observed between depression and gender (p = 0.044), age (p = 0.001), marital status (p = 0.036), educational level (p = 0.003), job (p = 0.025), residency (p = 0.041), and whether they went out at night (p = 0.009). Identifying factors associated withanxietyanddepressionis essential for PWE to receive appropriate support.

Association between anxiety, depression and quality of life in male and female German students during the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundStudies show that three-quarters of mental disorders appear during young adulthood, which makes students a risk group. Especially people with anxiety and depression experience lower Quality of Life (QoL) compared to healthy persons. Furthermore, previous research found that there was a wide range of negative mental consequences triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to examine the association between anxiety, depression and QoL in male and female students at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: 297 German students (121 men, age spanmen: 18–41 years; 176 women, age spanwomen: 18–52 years) filled in the following questionnaires: World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Symptom-Checklist-90-R. Men and women did not differ significantly in their physical, psychological, environmental and global QoL. Results: While women showed higher raw anxiety scores, groups did not differ in terms of their raw depression scores. Furthermore, we found main effects of anxiety and depression on the four QoL subscales. Students´ QoL was highest if they were not affected by anxiety and depression, independently of gender. Psychological and social QoL was worst if the students reported marginal and particularly clinically significant levels of anxiety and depression. Men experienced worse psychological and social QoL than women for clinically significant anxiety levels. Conclusions: Interventions should target especially the psychological and the social subscales of QoL, as these areas are most affected by anxiety and depression. Possible interventions could be psychoeducational programs or participation in sports because it offers an opportunity for social interaction and goal-directed activity.

Depressive symptomatology from a network perspective: Differences in the experience of symptoms involved in the self-recognition of depression and the diagnosis process by social position.

While social disparities in depression are well-documented, the symptom experience across social positions remains less studied. This study examines the connections between depressive symptoms and self-recognizing a depressive episode, on the one hand, and clinical diagnosis, on the other hand, by three social position indicators. We analyzed baseline data from a population-based cohort of adults living in France, grouping participants by three indicators: education, financial difficulties, and occupation, and stratifying by sex. Utilizing a psychometric network approach, we estimated 24 networks. Nodes corresponded to the 20 CES-D items and 1 external variable, either 'Limitations due to depression' or 'Clinical depression'. Comparisons between socially disadvantaged and advantaged groups across the three social indicators were made in terms of network structures, global strength, and edge weights involving symptoms and both external nodes. The study included data from 201,952 participants. Individuals in lower social positions exhibited higher rates of depressive-related variables. Four depressive symptoms emerged as crucial, being linked both to 'Clinical depression' and 'Limitations' across all social positions. Socially disadvantaged groups had denser networks. Some of the tests comparing network structures according to social position were significant, suggesting differences in the symptom activation chains. Connections between each external node and 'Felt depressed' and 'Could not get going' were non-invariant in educational and financial-based networks. Findings highlight four depressive symptoms, likely to play a key role in the experience of depression across all social positions. Other insights from specific symptoms could be used for improving depression care among disadvantaged populations.