Experiences Of Cancer Patients Research Articles

Impact of Establishing a Pain Clinic in a Rural Cancer Centre Based on the Knowledge and Experience of the Pain of Cancer Patients - A Prospective, Questionnaire-Based Study.

Unrelieved pain significantly affects the quality of life of cancer patients. In rural settings, cancer patients do not have information or knowledge about how to control their pain because of a lack of resources or awareness. We conducted an interventional, questionnaire-based prospective study in a rural tertiary care oncological centre to look for the impact of establishing a pain clinic based on the knowledge and experience of cancer patients regarding their cancer pain. The patient pain questionnaire was filled by 380 random non-surgical patients complaining of pain who visited our centre for the treatment of cancer. The information generated was used for setting up a pain clinic covering all aspects of cancer pain. After 3 months of starting the pain clinic services, all these patients who visited the pain clinic at least once were again surveyed similarly. Out of 380 patients, we could only follow up with 348 patients and other patients were lost to follow-up. After visiting the pain clinic the mean value of the response for most of the questions decreased suggesting that the responses became more favourable as the knowledge improved and the experience of the pain became less distressing for the patients. The mean value of the responses to all the questions related to the overall knowledge of cancer pain before visiting a pain clinic was 4.22 ± 1.58 and after visiting a pain clinic was 3.83 ± 0.95 which was statistically significant (P = 0.000). The mean value of the responses to the questions related to the overall experience of the pain before visiting the pain clinic was 3.81 ± 1.42 and after visiting the pain clinic was 2.14 ± 1.05 which was highly significant (P = 0.000). We found out that the patients who had a higher mean value of the responses (8-10) suggesting the most unfavourable responses benefitted the most and the number of patients having the most unfavourable responses decreased after visiting the pain clinic. In a rural tertiary healthcare cancer centre, the establishment of a pain clinic increased the general understanding and experience of cancer patients regarding their pain and pain management.

Cancer patients' experience of receiving variant of uncertain significance results: An Asian perspective.

Due to a lack of ancestry-matched, functional, and segregation data, Asians have a higher rate of receiving a variant of uncertain significance (VUS) result following panel testing. Managing VUS results presents challenges, as it often leads to increased anxiety and distress among cancer patients undergoing genetic testing. This exploratory study aims to investigate the experience of Asian cancer patients upon receiving a VUS result. A qualitative, semi-structured interview study was conducted, involving cancer patients who had received a VUS result through the Cancer Genetics Service of the National Cancer Centre Singapore. Twenty participants were interviewed, and their responses were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis to identify key themes. Thematic analysis revealed five major themes: (1) VUS results are interpreted as uncertain outcomes; (2) a VUS result provides relief and prompts positive behavioral adjustments; (3) patients employ fatalism and religion as coping mechanisms to navigate uncertainty; (4) genetic counselors, family, and the community offer reassurance and support; (5) patients value updates on variant classifications for future management. While this novel study provides unique insights into the perspectives of Asian patients who receive VUS results, it also highlights patients' effective management of VUS results and uncertainty, which has implications for improving counseling practices in Asia. Emphasis must be placed on accurate interpretation and clear communication of VUS results to dispel the possibility of misconceptions, misdiagnosis, and mismanagement in cancer care.

Attitudes, expectations, and lived experiences of cancer patients receiving dendritic cell vaccine therapy in Japan

ObjectiveImmunotherapeutic approaches to cancer, such as dendritic cell vaccine therapy, promise to improve survival rate but may present unique challenges to patients. However, there is no research on the lived experiences of cancer patients receiving dendritic cell vaccine therapy. The aim of this study was to explore the attitudes, expectations, and experiences of cancer patients receiving dendritic cell vaccine therapy in Japan. MethodsThis was an exploratory qualitative study. A descriptive phenomenological approach was used to investigate the experiences of eight advanced-stage cancer patients (median age: 59.5 years). Data were collected between July 2018 and March 2020 using in-depth semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed according to Colaizzi's seven-step phenomenological strategy, and EQUATOR's Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines for qualitative studies were followed. ResultsFour themes emerged from the data analysis: strong concerns about chemotherapy, faith in dendritic cell vaccine therapy, motivation to succeed, and physical and mental changes. The first two themes related to pretreatment attitudes and expectations. The latter two themes expressed participants’ experiences during and after therapy. ConclusionsDendritic cell vaccine therapy patients expressed fears about the effects of standard treatment, and hope and uncertainty regarding immunotherapy treatment decisions and efficacy. The findings suggest that such patients require nursing care that includes prevention and reduction of chemotherapy side effects, careful observation of patients' well-being, management of patients’ expectations and uncertainty, formation of patient–health care practitioner partnerships, and team medicine.

Exploring the experience of meaning-centered group psychotherapy among Chinese cancer patients during active treatment: a descriptive qualitative study.

Meaninglessness poses a significant psychological challenge for cancer patients, negatively affecting their quality of life and increasing the risk of suicide. Meaning-Centered Group Therapy (MCGP) is an intervention designed specifically to enhance the meaning of life of cancer patients. Extensive research has documented its effectiveness across various cultures and populations. However, limited research has been conducted on the subjective experiences and perspectives of participants engaged in MCGP. Thus, the purpose of this study was to employ a qualitative design to explore the experiences and viewpoints of Chinese cancer patients who have undergone MCGP. Within a two-week timeframe following the conclusion of MCGP, semi-structured interviews were administered to twenty-one participants who had engaged in the therapy. The interview data were transcribed and subjected to thematic analysis. Four main themes were identified: (a) Self-perceived personal change, (b) Overall experience of group therapy, (c) Barriers to participation of MCGP, and (d) Suggestions for future interventions. Despite the barriers to participation in the MCGP process, the overall experience for Chinese cancer patients undergoing active treatment is valuable and positive, providing multiple benefits. Future studies could explore the adaptation of MCGP to a broader range of cancer populations and diverse study populations.

Pain experience of lung cancer patients during home recovery after surgery: A qualitative descriptive study.

Patients with lung cancer surgery often suffer pain after discharge. However, there is limited evidence to describe the pain experience from the qualitative investigation. This study was designed to describe the pain experience of lung cancer patients during home recovery after surgery and to provide evidence for developing pain management strategies. This qualitative descriptive study recruited 35 patients who had received lung resection and were discharged by purposive sampling from May to July 2022. Mobile phone interviews were conducted to collect views on patients' pain experience after discharge. The interviews were audio-recorded and converted verbatim into standard text, and the data were iteratively thematic analyzed. A thematic framework was identified for three themes: perception and impact of pain, coping styles for pain, and unmet needs for pain. Whether short or long-term after discharge, patients complain that they suffer from different degrees and types of pain, causing them a "double burden" physically and mentally. The lack of knowledge about pain may lead them to adopt very different coping styles and desire professional continuous pain management. This study may help clarify the status of pain problems that patients face after lung cancer surgery and provides multiple dimensions of pain assessment and management objectives for quantitative research. We call on medical staff to pay attention to patients' perspectives and related needs after discharge and formulate targeted management strategies to reduce pain and improve their quality of life.

Coping Strategies among Filipino Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiation Therapy in Two Tertiary Care Hospitals in the Philippines: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study.

The process of coping is central in the lives and experiences of cancer patients. Foreign literature on coping strategies among cancer patients is largely qualitative in nature, in the form of thematic, grounded theory, and phenomenological analyses. Of the quantitative research that has been done, many have found varying degrees of association between certain coping strategies and improved quality of life and decreased emotional distress. However, knowledge on how coping varies and is associated with the patient's demographics, disease characteristics, among other factors remains in its infancy. This is especially true in the Philippines. A total of 210 Filipino patients more than 18 years of age, with histologically confirmed diagnosis of cancer, receiving radiation therapy at St. Luke's Medical Center-Quezon City or St. Luke's Medical Center-Bonifacio Global City from April 2022 to December 2022, were made to answer the Filipino Coping Strategies Scale (FCSS). The FCSS is a self-administered, 37-item, 4-point scale that measures the degree to which the respondent uses particular coping strategies categorized into one of nine domains: cognitive reappraisal, social support, problem-solving, religiosity, tolerance, emotional release, overactivity, relaxation and recreation, and substance use. Religiosity is the primary coping strategy in this patient population, with a composite score of 3.9214 out of 4 (SD = 0.1688). The second most utilized coping strategy is problem-solving (composite score = 3.6310; SD = 0.3162). The third most common coping strategy is cognitive reappraisal (composite score = 3.5524; SD = 0.4062). This is closely followed by relaxation and recreation (composite score = 3.5343; SD = 0.3734). The fifth most utilized coping strategy is social support (composite score = 3.3140; SD = 0.5790). Calculation of independent samples t-test revealed no statistically significant difference between the coping strategies in terms of hospital (i.e., St. Luke's Quezon City or St. Luke's Bonifacio Global City), sex, metastatic status, and intent of radiotherapy. Calculation of analysis of variance (ANOVA) likewise revealed no statistically significant difference in terms of age, marital status, religion, educational attainment, estimated monthly income, primary cancer diagnosis, days elapsed since primary cancer diagnosis, Wong-Baker Faces (WBF) pain rating, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status. The most commonly utilized coping strategies in our patient cohort are religiosity, problem-solving, cognitive reappraisal, relaxation and recreation, and social support, regardless of demographic and disease-related characteristics. To the proponents' knowledge, our research is the first to study the coping strategies of Filipino cancer patients in a quantitative manner. Doubtless, further research is needed to shed light on this crucial but barely yet untouched aspect of cancer care.

A qualitative investigation into the lived experiences of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in the Kurdistan region of Iraq

A qualitative investigation into the lived experiences of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in the Kurdistan region of Iraq

Predictors of Poor Treatment Experience in Cervical Cancer Patients Receiving Definitive Chemoradiation and Brachytherapy Boost: A Prospective Study

Cervical cancer patients experience high overall symptom burden. Here, we analyzed patient reported outcomes (PROs) to identify disease, treatment, or patient-related characteristics that can predict poor treatment experience. Cervical cancer patients treated with definitive chemoradiation (CRT) at a single institution enrolled on a prospective trial evaluating PROs between 2021-2023 were included. Patients received PRO questionnaires at baseline (BL) and 2-7 days after final brachytherapy implant (post-BT). Data was collected using the EORTC-QLQ-C30, which is a validated metric scored on a 4-point Likert scale (1 = not at all, 2 = a little, 3 = quite a bit, 4 = very much). Poor treatment experience was defined as low physical function [score >2], significant overall symptom burden [> population mean], or substantial nausea/vomiting (N/V), diarrhea, pain, or fatigue [score >2] after BT. Potential predictors included age, menopause status, stage, radiation field size, BT modality (PDR vs HDR), marital status, high baseline financial toxicity [score >2], depression [score >2], worse social function [score >2] and poor emotional function [score >2]. Logistic regression modeling was performed and p<0.05 were considered significant. A total of 36 patients completed BL and post-BT PRO metrics. Median age was 42 (range, 18-85), 22% (n = 8) of patients had localized disease, 75% (n = 27) had regional disease, and 3% (n = 1) had distant disease. Low BL social function was associated with high symptom burden after BT (HR 12.5, 95% CI 2.3-68.2, p = 0.004), significant N/V (HR 19.0, 95% CI 1.9-191.0, p = 0.012), high rates of fatigue (HR 9.29, 95% CI 1.6-54.8, p = 0.014), and overall poor physical function after treatment (HR 5.67, 95% CI 1.1-30.1, p = 0.042). High BL financial toxicity was predictive of elevated symptom burden after BT (HR 12.0, 95% CI 2.2-66.0, p = 0.004) and substantial fatigue (HR 7.33, 95% CI 1.5-36.7, p = 0.015). Significant depression at BL was also associated with high rates of N/V (HR 9.78, 95% CI 1.4-66.9, p = 0.02). Patient age, menopausal status, disease stage, radiation field size, BT modality, and marital status were not significantly predictive for symptom burden or physical function after treatment. Patients with poor baseline social function, high financial toxicity, and depression are at risk for increased symptom burden. Screening for these factors may provide an opportunity to intervene early and improve patient treatment experience.

68 Gynecologic and breast cancer patient experiences with scalp cooling to reduce alopecia

68 Gynecologic and breast cancer patient experiences with scalp cooling to reduce alopecia

Benefits of Early Palliative Care Integration in a Day Care Program: The Patients' Perspective.

Aim: The aim of this study is to present the experiences of cancer patients who participate in a social model palliative day care program (PDCP). This is the first research study that evaluates early integration of PDCP, from the patients' perspective, in Central and Eastern Europe. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study using five focus groups was conducted with patients cared by Hospice Casa Sperantei Foundation (HCS) in Brasov, Romania. Fifty participants were recruited from the PDCP. Discussions were transcribed and analyzed thematically. Results: Three major categories emerged from the focus groups: (1) significance of diagnosis before integration of palliative care (PC); (2) perceptions of diagnosis after integration of PC; and (3) benefits of attending the PDCP. The findings indicate that PDCPs facilitate continuity of care for patients and families with PC needs by addressing and responding to physical, psychosocial, and spiritual needs. Participation in the PDCP fosters a sense of connectedness with others, helps individuals reconnect with self, and provides an opportunity to engage in activities that bring meaning and value to daily living. Conclusions: This study is highly important in the context of a national- and regional-wide interest for increasing the coverage of PC needs of patients and families, by varying the types of services. It explores the benefits of integration of PC services early on the trajectory of the disease of cancer patients. The themes that emerged from this study are consistent with previous international studies referring to benefits of early integration of PC throughout PDCP. Future research is needed to examine further the benefits of early integration of PDCP services for patients living with serious illnesses. Clinical Trials Registration Number 1/03.02.2020.

The Lived Experience of Breast Cancer Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

This article seeks to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women currently undergoing treatment for breast cancer. As part of a mixed-methods study of 69 women who have or currently live with breast cancer, 27 participants opted into a Phase II semistructured interview to further discuss their experiences of emotional coping during the treatment process, beliefs about therapy, and the impact of COVID-19 on their emotional experience during treatment. Thematic narrative analysis was used to identify common themes. Participants shared about the unique stressors and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic during their treatment and how it complicated the already emotional experience of coping with cancer. Five identified themes include (1) logistical impact of COVID-19 and its effects on accessing medical care, (2) concerns related to accessing emotional support, (3) emotional reactions to battling breast cancer while living through a global pandemic, (4) ways in which loss was experienced, and (5) benefits to technology-based psychoeducation and social supports that were identified during the pandemic. COVID-19 had a significant impact on those currently in treatment for breast cancer including increasing fear, decreasing social support, and increased logistical challenges. Changes to psychotherapeutic treatment protocols to include technologically enhanced psychological support during treatment and digitally based psychoeducation curriculum are warranted.

Availability and accessibility of services to address financial toxicity described by Australian lung cancer patients and healthcare professionals

PurposeAlthough the financial burden and impact of a cancer diagnosis has been widely described in international literature, less understood is the availability and accessibility of services to ameliorate this need. This study reports the experiences of Australian lung cancer patients and health professionals delivering care, regarding factors that exacerbate and mitigate financial stress, and availability and accessibility of services to support people following a cancer diagnosis.MethodsQualitative semi-structured interviews with twenty-three lung cancer patients attending two metropolitan tertiary health services and eleven health professionals delivering care were undertaken during July–August 2021.ResultsNeither health service systematically screened for financial toxicity nor routinely provided information regarding potential financial impacts during consultations. Patients experienced lengthy delays in accessing welfare supports, provoking financial stress and worry. Health professionals reported limited resources and referral services to support patients with financial need; this was especially problematic for patients with lung cancer. They described its psychological impact on patients and their family members or carers and warned of its impact on ability to adhere to treatment.ConclusionAvailable and accessibility of services addressing financial toxicity in Australian lung cancer patients is inadequate. Although financial stress is a common, distressing problem, health professionals feel hampered in their ability to help due to limited service availability. Left unaddressed, financial toxicity can impact treatment adherence, directly influencing health outcomes, and increase risk of poverty, amplifying social inequities. Findings highlight opportunity for actionable interventions like financial consent and routine screening and discussion of financial toxicity across care pathways.

Patients' and professionals’ experiences with advanced practice nursing in cancer care: A qualitative study

PurposeThe growing complexity of cancer treatments requires changes in how care is organized and who provides it. The incorporation of advanced practice nursing roles within multidisciplinary teams can improve care in cancer patients. This study aims to understand the lived experience of cancer patients and multidisciplinary professionals in relation to the care provided by advanced practice nurses (APN). MethodsPhenomenological qualitative study. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and a field diary. Participants were recruited through convenience sampling; until theoretical data saturation was achieved. An interpretative phenomenological analysis was performed, following Guba and Lincoln's criteria for trustworthiness. ResultsInterviews were performed with 18 professionals and 11 patients, from high-complexity public hospitals between March–December 2021. The main themes that emerged were: Advanced practice nurse role and competencies, Benefits provided by the APN, and Relevant aspects of nursing care. ConclusionAdvanced practice nurses play a fundamental role in cancer care, making positive contributions to the patient experience and to the multidisciplinary team's work. Elucidating the contribution of advanced practice nurses in oncology will facilitate the definition of their specific competencies and, in turn, the implementation of training and management strategies to consolidate this figure in specialized centers.

A SCOPING REVIEW OF THE ROLE OF SPIRITUALITY IN DEALING WITH LOSS AND GRIEF AMONG CANCER PATIENTS

Cancer is one of the most commonly occurring terminal illnesses across the globe affecting millions of people and their loved ones. When someone experiences such a terminal illness, the experience is negatively perceived creating a loss and grief reaction which affects the persons psychospiritual aspects of life. Many patients and caregivers adopt various coping strategies including spiritual concepts. Hence this study aims to review existing literature to understand the role of spirituality in dealing with the loss and grief experiences of cancer patients. A search on Ebsco Discovery Service was conducted for peer-reviewed, English, full-text academic articles between January 2017 to December 2020. A total of 602 articles were found, out of which 13 articles were accepted after screening for eligibility. Allthese 13 articles are reported in this paper. From the 13 articles major 4 themes were extracted which are, belief in God, having faith and hope, Spiritual acts, and comfort through a higher power.

Impact of an educational intervention for advanced cancer patients referred for early phase clinical trials.

1. To understand the experiences of patients who have been referred to an ECMC for an early phase clinical trial pre- and post-intervention. 2. To investigate if the intervention reduced anxiety levels in newly referred patients. A convergent mixed-methods design was used in this study, to collect quantitative and qualitative data in parallel. This study examined the experiences of advanced cancer patients who attended their initial research outpatient appointment to discuss the possibility of taking part in an early phase clinical trial and the impact of an educational resource.

The lived experiences and caring needs of women diagnosed with cervical cancer: A qualitative study in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Cervical cancer continues to be a major global public health concern affecting the lives of many women and resulting in financial burdens. In 2020, cervical cancer was the seventh most commonly diagnosed cancer among all cancers worldwide and Tanzania was ranked fourth among the countries with the highest incidence rates (59.1 new cases per 100,000 women) of cervical cancer. The lived experience and caring needs of patients and their families provide insights into the psychosocial aspects of healthcare among the affected population. However, there is inadequate information concerning the lived experiences of cervical cancer patients in Tanzania and Sub-Saharan Africa in general. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences and caring needs of cervical cancer patients at Ocean Road Cancer Institute (ORCI) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A qualitative descriptive study was carried out among cervical cancer patients at ORCI in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Using a purposeful sampling technique, 12 cervical cancer patients were interviewed with the principles of saturation guiding sample size determination. A semi-structured face-to-face interview guide was employed to collect the information. A conventional content analysis approach was used to analyze data after translation with the aid of NVivo 12.0 computer software. Five themes emerged after data analysis: knowledge and attitude about cervical cancer, sufferings from a disease process, socio-economic disruptions, psychological problems, and sexual and reproductive concerns. The findings of this study provide insights into the life experiences and caring needs of cervical cancer patients and call for response from healthcare stakeholders to develop and implement comprehensive and culturally consonant approaches in providing care to the affected population. More qualitative studies are required to ascertain the lived experiences of advanced cervical cancer patients and those of long-term cervical cancer survivors.

Cancer treatment-related financial toxicity in Japan: a scoping review.

Financial toxicity during cancer survival has been studied mainly in the United States; 47-49% of cancer survivors reported financial hardships and 12-63% reported debt owing to treatment costs. Financial toxicity is influenced by each country's economic status and healthcare system. We aimed to review the evidence on financial toxicity in Japan. A systematic search was performed using PubMed and Ichushi databases. We included English or Japanese peer-reviewed articles that (1) explored the experiences of cancer patients facing financial toxicity due to cancer diagnosis and treatment, (2) were specific to Japan, and (3) focused on the experiences of financial toxicities among cancer patients. Data were extracted focusing on the experiences of patients, families, and healthcare providers. The main themes were synthesized based on a previous study. The search yielded 632 citations from PubMed and 21 from Ichushi, and non-duplicates were identified. Of these, 31 articles were selected for full-text review. Literature was divided into studies describing the following elements: (a) risk factors for financial toxicity, (b) description of financial toxicity, (c) psychological reactions, (d) coping strategies for financial toxicity, and (e) impact on treatment outcomes. Only three studies reported comprehensive financial toxicity scores. Furthermore, treatment costs influenced physicians' treatment decisions, and patients and their families adopted various strategies to cope with treatment costs. Two studies showed that low current income and younger age were high-risk factors. As for utilization of the support system, approximately 70% of the patients used the high-cost medical expense system, 20% used the sickness benefit system, and 40% used the medical expense deduction system. Many cancer patients in Japan suffer from financial toxicity during cancer survival. One reason for this is that the awareness of the system supporting financial toxicity is insufficient and actual utilization is low. It is necessary to actively encourage patients to ask healthcare providers questions, improve the link between patients and the support system, reconstruct the support system design, and improve the method of publicizing the system.

Travel experience and being-toward-death

The unity of travel, life, and death needs deeper exploration. This study introduces Heidegger's notion of being-toward-death to cast light on the underlying travel experiences of cancer patients. A total of 98 travel experience narratives of cancer patients from digital mini-blogs were collected and analyzed, and a framework was proposed to structure the mechanism. This study found that the meaning of travel is reflected in two pillars of being-toward-death: structure of care and way of dwelling. The two main travel experiences—hedonic and contemplative—were embedded in being-toward-death, and contemplative experiences included meaning, equilibrium, mystery, and poetry. This study enriches achievement in the area of travel experience and also offers practical significance for cancer care.

How Asian Breast Cancer Patients Experience Unequal Incidence of Chemotherapy Side Effects: A Look at Ethnic Disparities in Febrile Neutropenia Rates.

The majority of published findings on chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia (FN) are restricted to three ethnic groups: Asians, Caucasians, and African Americans. In this two-part study, we examined FN incidence and risk factors in Chinese, Malay, and Indian chemotherapy-treated breast cancer (BC) patients. Hospital records or ICD codes were used to identify patients with FN. In both the Singapore Breast Cancer Cohort (SGBCC) and the Joint Breast Cancer Registry (JBCR), the time of the first FN from the start of chemotherapy was estimated using Cox regression. Multinomial regression was used to evaluate differences in various characteristics across ethnicities. FN was observed in 170 of 1014 patients in SGBCC. The Cox model showed that non-Chinese were at higher risk of developing FN (HRMalay [95% CI]:2.04 [1.44-2.88], p < 0.001; HRIndian:1.88 [1.11-3.18], p = 0.018). In JBCR, FN was observed in 965 of 7449 patients. Univariable Cox models identified ethnicity, a lower baseline absolute neutrophil count, non-luminal A proxy subtypes, and anthracycline-containing regimens as risk factors. Disparities across ethnicities' risk (HRMalay:1.29 [1.07-1.54], p = 0.006; HRIndian:1.50 [1.19-1.88], p < 0.001) remained significant even after further adjustments. Finally, an age-adjusted multinomial model showed that Malays (p = 0.006) and Indians (p = 0.009) were significantly more likely to develop multiple episodes of FN during treatment. Ethnic differences in chemotherapy-induced FN among BC patients exist. Further studies can focus on investigating pharmacogenetic differences across ethnicities.

Development and Validation of Total Pain Scale for Evaluation of Total Pain in Cancer Patients.

Cancer pain has all the components of total pain such as physical, social, psychological, and spiritual. These components contribute to the overall pain experience in cancer patients. Many instruments have been developed till date to assess the effect of pain in cancer patients but none of the instruments include all components of total pain. In this article, we describe the development and validation of the total pain scale (TPS) for the evaluation of total pain in cancer patients with pain. This study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire for the evaluation of total pain in cancer patients with pain. This study included a review of existing pain questionnaires for cancer pain for item pool generation. Items were generated in the Hindi language by six stakeholders to create 23 items to develop TPS. TPS was applied to 300 Hindi-speaking cancer patients. Bivariate correlation was used to reduce the number of items as well as construction of the domain followed by factor analysis to finalise TPS. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed for testing the validity and reliability of TPS. TPS is an 18-item scale composed of four domains (physical, social, spiritual and psychological domain). The internal consistency of TPS and its subscales was found to be very good (a = 0.84-0.88). CFA and structural equation modeling Goodness of fit has confirmed that model 4 is the best fit as it yielded a lesser root-mean-squared error of approximation value of 0.062 and a greater comparative fit index, Tucker-Lewis index value of 0.944. The convergent and divergent validity of TPS and its domain was good. This study reports TPS to be a brief (18-item), valid, and reliable questionnaire in the Hindi language for assessment of all components of total pain in cancer patients with pain.