Experience Of Health Problems Research Articles

The Role of Parents in Fulfilling Nutrition and Respiratory Health for Children in Agricultural Area: Literature Review

Parents have a very important role in fulfilling the nutritional status of children. Lack of nutritional knowledge, especially in agricultural areas, influences food processing behavior so that nutritional problems in children tend to increase. This literature review aims to describe mother's knowledge, family support and risk factors for infectious diseases with nutritional status and respiratory problems in children in agricultural areas. Methods: This research uses the literature review study method with 4 databases, namely Google Scholar, PubMed, Scient Direct, and Springer with a range of 2019-2023. Result: The role of parents is related to nutritional status and health conditions in children. Parental education, inadequate environmental conditions, and potential risk factors can also affect the nutritional status and respiratory problems in children under five in agricultural areas. Babies born to mothers with low levels of education have a higher risk of experiencing health problems than babies born to mothers with higher education. The occurrence of ISPA in agricultural areas is caused by various environmental factors such as exposure to smoke and inadequate physical conditions of houses which can worsen indoor air quality. Potential risk factors that can cause STH infection are parental education and occupation, how to play on the ground, use of the toilet and how to wash hands. Nurses must provide support and education to people in agricultural areas related to providing nutritional intake, quality of living environment, and patterns of daily life in order to reduce problems with nutritional status and respiratory disorders in children.

알코올 중독자들의 자살 생각 원인에 관한 연구

The purpose of this study is to explore the internal factors that contribute to suicidal ideation in alcoholics. To fulfill the purpose of the study, cases of alcoholics with suicidal thoughts and attempts were collected. The cases were extracted from memoirs published by A.A. Korea, and a total of 23 cases with specific experiences related to alcoholism and suicide were selected. The collected data was analyzed using a qualitative case study method. The analysis showed that alcoholics experienced health problems, economic problems, and relationship problems due to their drinking, which led to internal distress such as loneliness, pessimism about their health, lethargy about alcohol, self-blame, others' blame, and self-pity. The end result of this internal distress is loss of hope (despair). The alcoholics' expressions of hopelessness included contents of suicide. Based on these findings, the researchers suggest several practice and policy implications.

Representations of mental health and mental health problems in content published by female social media influencers

When social media influencers (SMIs) describe their experiences of mental health problems, they contribute to the circulation of representations of mental health. The aim of this article is to analyse the ways of talking about mental health problems that are made accessible to a wider audience through the YouTube videos published by four Swedish female SMIs. Our analysis shows that much content related to mental health contains traces of, and contributes to discourses informed by, positive psychology. Mostly, mental health problems are represented as manageable, if only the individual assumes responsibility for her mental wellbeing, but a few videos also contain displays of negativity and resignation. In addition to avoiding association with the unattractiveness associated with negativity, the four SMIs navigate expectations placed on them to encourage confidence and self-love while at the same time expressing modesty. The result is representations of mental health that are multi-layered and complex.

Peer support for discharge from inpatient to community mental health care: the ENRICH research programme

Peer support for discharge from inpatient to community mental health care: the ENRICH research programme

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels and health problems in street sellers around Universitas Negeri Gorontalo (UNG)

Air is the most critical factor for human survival, which must and must always be maintained for quality. If the air quality changes from normal, the air has been polluted. Transportation activities are one of the contributing factors to air pollution. UNG is one of the largest campuses in Gorontalo Province, which involves students in increasing the number of residents outside the area who have an impact on campus activities and an increase in the number of vehicles. In the UNG area, street vendors sell from 6 in the morning to midnight. This makes street vendors a group at risk of experiencing health problems due to exposure to NO2 from vehicle exhaust emissions. This type of research is observational with a descriptive study design. This research was conducted on Jalan Jendral Sudirman, around the UNG campus. The population in this study were all street vendors selling around the UNG campus, totaling 58 traders. The sampling technique uses the Total Sampling technique; the entire population is used as a sample. The results showed that the average concentration of NO2 around the UNG campus did not exceed the quality standards set by Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021, namely 0.2 mg/m3, and the most common health complaints experienced by respondents were coughing 43 people (74.1%), body aches and headaches 36 people (62.1%), runny nose 32 people (55.2%), sore throat 12 people (20.7%). Moreover, the least experienced was eye irritation in 2 people (3.4%). It is suggested that there should be monitoring of pollutant concentrations, and it is hoped that street vendors will use masks when selling and reduce selling time.

THE INFLUENCE OF AUDIO-VISUAL VIDEO MEDIA ON KNOWLEDGE IN EFFORTS TO PREVENT SEXUAL VIOLENCE AGAINST ADOLESCENTS WITH DISABILITIES AT SLB SHANTI KOSALA NGANJUK

Background: In Indonesia, teenagers account for one-quarter of the population. The focus of national development is on teenagers. Teenagers with disabilities are of particular concern due to their numerous restrictions, particularly in reproductive health education. They often experience health problems, especially sexual and reproductive health. Reproductive health education is the right solution for people with disabilities so that they can increase their knowledge in sexual violance so that they can protect themselves from a person. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of audio-visual video media on knowledge in efforts to prevent sexual violence among disabled teenagers. Method: We included all of the student that attend the school on the day of data collection. We used questionnaire to collect the data and the analytical test used was the Wilxocon Rank Test. Result: there was an increase in knowledge before implementing health education using audio-visual media, primarily 13.6%, with the high knowledge group comprising 54.5%. Meanwhile, the low knowledge group dropped from 86.4% to 45.5%. The Wilxocon Rank Test value is p= 0.035, indicating that audio-visual media has a significant influence on knowledge. Conclussion: There is an influence of audio-visual media with information in attempts to prevent sexual violence against disabled youth at SLB. Shanti Kosala Nganjuk.

Children and Young People with Long COVID-Comparing Those Seen in Post-COVID Services with a Non-Hospitalised National Cohort: A Descriptive Study.

Post-COVID services have been set up in England to treat children with ongoing symptoms of Long COVID. To date, the characteristics of children seeking treatment from these services has not been described. (1) to describe the characteristics of children aged 11-17 referred to the Pan-London Post-COVID service and (2) to compare characteristics of these children with those taking part in the United Kingdom's largest research study of Long COVID in children (CLoCk). Data from 95 children seeking treatment from the Post-COVID service between May 2021 and August 2022 were included in the study. Their demographic characteristics, symptom burden and the impact of infection are described and compared to children from CLoCk. A high proportion of children from the Post-COVID service and CLoCk reported experiencing health problems prior to the pandemic. Almost all Post-COVID service children met the research Delphi definition of Long COVID (94.6%), having multiple symptoms that impacted their lives. Symptoms were notably more severe than the participants in CLoCk. This study describes the characteristics of children seeking treatment for Long COVID compared to those identified in the largest longitudinal observational study to date. Post-COVID service children have more symptoms and are more severely affected by their symptoms following infection with COVID-19 than children in the CLoCk study. Research to understand predisposing factors for severity and prognostic indicators is essential to prevent this debilitating condition. Evaluation of short- and long-term outcomes of interventions by clinical services can help direct future therapy for this group.

Food Irradiation - An Effective Technology for Food Safety and Security

This review will look at the irradiation-based food preservation method. A country’s ability to successfully adopt new technologies hinges on the availability of a suitable infrastructure. Irradiation has a low operating cost and utilizes minimal energy, but it requires significant capital investments and a minimum output volume to be economical. Over a specific threshold concentration, off tastes might develop and organoleptic changes can occur. At low quantities, however, not all pathogens and their poisons will be eliminated. Radiation therapy can be difficult to standardize because the results vary. How effectively the therapy works depends on several factors, including the commodity and cultivar, radiation dose, level of maturity, physiological status, temperature and environment before and after treatment, pre-and post-harvest treatments, and the sensitivity of the microorganisms to be controlled. Tolerance varies with the maturity level. Depending on public perception, regulatory actions, economics, and logistics associated with specific conditions, irradiation as a method of reducing foodborne diseases will be used. Not all foods can be irradiated in all situations due to technological and financial restrictions. Irradiation cannot indefinitely extend the shelf life of fresh food because the enzymes in foods like fruits, vegetables, fish, shellfish, meat, and poultry are still active and resistant to even high-dose radiation. If foods are exposed to too much radiation, they may lose flavor, especially if they are high in fat. Irradiated grains and legumes must be packaged carefully to prevent insect infestations because irradiation does not leave behind any harmful residue that would deter insects. Irradiation produces very little chemical changes in food, and the changes are similar to those by other preservation methods like heat. The application of irradiation technology will benefit farmers whose post-harvest grain lost value as a result of food spoilage, consumers who experience health problems as a result of virus exposure, exporters of such cereals, and ultimately the government, which gains economically from the hard cash generated. It will also benefit firms that package food, extension agents, technical assistants, and researchers. Radiation processing of food has been approved by various international statutory bodies and organizations to ensure ‘Food Security & Safety’, and overcome ‘Technical barrier to International Trade’ and currently is being practiced in more than 60 countries worldwide.

A qualitative analysis of self-reported suicide gatekeeper competencies and behaviour within the Australian construction industry.

Construction workers in Australia have suicide rates 84% higher than other workers, with even higher rates for younger and less-skilled workers. Gatekeeper training (GKT) is a suicide prevention strategy that aims to improve knowledge, attitudes and self-efficacy to identify and assist individuals at risk of suicide. However, the impact of GKT on long-term behaviour and suicide prevention is unclear in the construction industry. Researchers conducted 22 semi-structured interviews with trained Bluehats, who provide support to their colleagues in the construction industry experiencing mental health difficulties and suicidal distress. Participants reported high levels of motivation and capability due to lived experience of mental health problems or suicide, training, satisfaction from helping others and feeling valued in their work environment. The study highlighted the importance of physical and social opportunities for participants to support their colleagues. The findings reinforced the need to integrate GKT within comprehensive industry suicide prevention programs that provide a range of interventions for workers and ongoing support to trainees to translate their skills into behaviour. Future GKT should include behaviour change approaches to identify and target contextual and individual-level factors influencing behaviour. SO WHAT?: Understanding the potential and limitations of GKT within the construction industry offers invaluable insights for health promotion. Integrating GKT with holistic prevention programs could lead to more impactful strategies, potentially reducing the high suicide rates and fostering a healthier work environment in the construction sector.

CORONAPHOBIA AS PSYCHODYNAMICS AND COPING MECHANISMS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Introduction – Since first appearing in Wuhan at the end of 2019, the corona virus has caused many losses in various aspects of human life. Starting from the physical-psychological aspect of health and socio-economic. Even now, the new policies adopted by the government also have a huge impact on people's daily habits. One of them is affecting a person's psychology, where the news about COVID-19 has been very developed, causing anxiety and fear among the community. With the many stressors that have emerged in this pandemic era, a person is required to have good coping skills to be able to cope with dangerous stimuli. For someone who has a bad coping skills, he will experience excessive fear and anxiety about the corona virus which is called coronaphobia. Methods – The author makes a review of 20 journals and 2 books discussing definitions, risk factors, psychodynamics, coping mechanisms and management of new phobias in this pandemic era. Results – From several literature reviews, the factors identified in this pandemic era were unforeseen reality, unending uncertainties, need of acquiring new practices and avoidance behavior, loss of faith in health infrastructure, contraction of COVID-19 by head of states, cautionary statements from international bodies, and infodemia. Discuss – Several identified factors factors are assumed to cause interference with routine life, catastrophizing interpretation of benign symptoms, and social amplification of risk which lead to coronaphobia. This requires a person to have a good coping mechanism to adapt to new habits of coexistence with this virus. If the coping mechanism of a person is bad, then the stressor will experience a psychosocial process causing a phobia against COVID-19 which is called coronaphobia. Conclusion – Coronaphobia is excessive fear and anxiety due to the various effects of the corona virus, be it related to thoughts, information or the illness it causes. This new phobia is caused by the emergence of several risk factors in this pandemic era, which undergo some psychosocial process. Individuals who use maladaptive coping mechanisms are more likely to engage in risky behavior and experience health problems than those with adaptive mechanisms. Therefore, a good coping strategy is needed to avoid the occurrence of psychological problems such as coronaphobia that often arise during this pandemics. Keywords: coronaphobia, COVID-19, psychodynamic, coping mechanism, fear.

LITERATURE REVIEW: EFFECTIVENESS OF HONEY, CURCUMA AND TURMERIC FOR CHILD HEALTH

Introduction: Malnutrition causes children to experience health problems in the short and long term. The research method used is a literature review. Checklist Prisma has been used for registration of titles, abstracts, full texts and methodologies with the keywords Honey AND Turmeric AND Curcuma AND Child Health. The computerized databases that have been used to search for articles in this study are Science Direct, Pubmed, ProQuest and Google Scholar. The journals published in the period 2013 to 2023. 
 Result: There were 8 articles that were relevant to the search keywords used. Foods that contain lots of bioactive compounds such as Curcuma Zanthorrhiza, turmeric / Curcuma Ionga, honey are very beneficial for health, especially for children's growth and development, preventing infections, preventing various diseases. Conclusion: Curcuma Zanthorrhiza, turmeric / Curcuma Ionga, honey improve health, increase body weight, prolong life, prevent infection, prevent various diseases, increase nutrients such as carbohydrates, protein, fat.

Best practice guidelines for citizen science in mental health research: systematic review and evidence synthesis.

Partnering with people most affected by mental health problems can transform mental health outcomes. Citizen science as a research approach enables partnering with the public at a substantial scale, but there is scarce guidance on its use in mental health research. To develop best practise guidelines for conducting and reporting research, we conducted a systematic review of studies reporting mental health citizen science research. Documents were identified from electronic databases (n = 10), grey literature, conference proceedings, hand searching of specific journals and citation tracking. Document content was organised in NVIVO using the ten European Citizen Science Association (ECSA) citizen science principles. Best practise guidelines were developed by (a) identifying approaches specific to mental health research or where citizen science and mental health practises differ, (b) identifying relevant published reporting guidelines and methodologies already used in mental health research, and (c) identifying specific elements to include in reporting studies. A total of 14,063 documents were screened. Nine studies were included, from Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Netherlands, Spain, the UK, and the United States. Citizen scientists with lived experience of mental health problems were involved in data collection, analysis, project design, leadership, and dissemination of results. Most studies reported against some ECSA principles but reporting against these principles was often unclear and unstated. Best practise guidelines were developed, which identified mental health-specific issues relevant to citizen science, and reporting recommendations. These included citizen science as a mechanism for empowering people affected by mental health problems, attending to safeguarding issues such as health-related advice being shared between contributors, the use of existing health research reporting guidelines, evaluating the benefits for contributors and impact on researchers, explicit reporting of participation at each research stage, naming the citizen science platform and data repository, and clear reporting of consent processes, data ownership, and data sharing arrangements. We conclude that citizen science is feasible in mental health and can be complementary to other participatory approaches. It can contribute to active involvement, engagement, and knowledge production with the public. The proposed guidelines will support the quality of citizen science reporting.

Risk factors for subjective complaints of Low Back Pain (LBP) in District X Office Workers Bandung City, Indonesia

Data from the Central Bureau of Statistics shows that 26.74% of the population aged 15 years and over in Indonesia who work experience complaints and health problems. Office workers are synonymous with high-frequency computer use and sitting for too long without paying attention to ergonomics. This raises the risk of fatigue such as arm pain, wrist pain, neck pain, and lower back pain. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors for subjective complaints of Low Back Pain in X District office workers in Bandung, Indonesia. This type of research is quantitative by using cross-sectional. A sample of 41 workers was obtained using the total sample technique. Data analysis used the chi-square test. The results of the study showed that 31 workers (75.6%) had complaints of Low Back Pain. Individual characteristic factors associated with the occurrence of low back pain were age (p = 0.000), gender (p = 0.012), years of service (p = 0.000), body mass index (p = 0.0018) and those that were not related were habits exercise (p = 0.369). Occupational factors related to the occurrence of low back pain were work posture (p = 0.047) and length of time using the computer (p = 0.000). So it is suggested that workers pay attention to work positions when doing work and improve work posture to reduce the risk of low back pain.

Application of Laughter Therapy for the Quality of Life of the Elderly: Literature Review

Introduction: The quality of life of the elderly is influenced by two important aspects, namely education and health where around 24% of 100 elderly experience health problems, where aging in the elderly causes a decrease in the body's reserve capacity and an increased risk of disease. One of the therapies that can be used to improve the quality of life of the elderly is namely laughter therapy which is useful in relieving disease symptoms, such as fatigue so as to improve the quality of life of the elderly. Objective: This study aims to identify the laughter therapy application that provides information about concepts and relevant data related to the topic of using laughter therapy in fulfilling the quality of life of the elderly. Method: The design of this study is using a literature review of articles using the search engine database of PubMed, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Wiley Online Library using PRISMA flowchart. Results: The results are showed from this study are that five articles met both the criteria of inclusion and exclusion. After being given by laughter therapy intervention, have a positive impact on reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety which can affect survival in old age related with elderly’s quality of life. Conclusion: This study could conclude that using laughter therapy could increase quality of life of the elderly during aging process included to every aspect such as psychological, physical, social and environmental adaptation.

Factors Associated with Stunting in Toddlers in the Region Bakunase Health Center in Kupang City

Stunting or short stature is a term used for children whose height is below average (<-2 SD) of the same sex, chronological age and ideally from the same racial-ethnic group. Stunting can cause children to experience health problems during their growth and development, even irreversible. In the short term, stunting causes a slowdown in the process of growth and development and in the long term it will have an impact on cognitive aspects and the possibility of non-communicable diseases. Therefore, the incidence of stunting is an indicator of child welfare in a country. This study aims to analyze the factors associated with the incidence of stunting in toddlers in the Working Area of the Bakunase Health Center, Kupang City. This type of research is an analytical survey, with a case control design. The number of samples was 136 people which were divided into 68 case groups and 68 control groups. The data analysis technique used the chi-square statistical test. The results showed that there was a relationship between mother's knowledge (p value = 0.000, OR = 6.667), mother's attitude (p value = 0.000, OR = 5.808), mother's parenting style (p value = 0.000, OR = 5.093), living environment ( p value = 0.000, OR = 7.538), and the incidence of diarrhea (p value = 0.002, OR = .3.175) with the incidence of stunting in toddlers in the Working Area of the Bakunase Health Center, Kupang City. It was concluded that there was a relationship between mother's knowledge, mother's attitude, mother's upbringing, living environment and the incidence of diarrhea with the incidence of stunting in toddlers in the Working Area of the Bakunase Health Center, Kupang City. Therefore, health promotion and cross-sector cooperation are needed to overcome the problem of stunting.

Consumer Awareness of Food Defense Measures at Food Delivery Service Providers and Food Manufacturers: Web-Based Consumer Survey Study.

Various stages of the food chain, from production to processing to distribution, can impact food safety. The concept of "food defense" has emerged as a countermeasure against intentional contamination of food with foreign substances. Although knowledge of food hygiene is common among consumers, there are currently no reports of consumer surveys on food defense. This study aims to investigate consumer awareness of food defense and food safety. We analyzed the results focusing on how consumers behave when they find abnormalities in food to further our knowledge on promoting food defense measures. Participants completed a web-based questionnaire that included items related to awareness of food safety and food defense, as well as actions to be taken in cases of food abnormalities, such as contamination by foreign substances, the presence of a bad smell in purchased food, and the inclusion of extra items not selected by the individual. The participants were asked to indicate their preference among the 5 suggested actions in each case using a 6-point Likert scale. Data analysis involved aggregating responses into binary values. Stepwise linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between selected actions and questionnaire items, such as sex, age, and personality. A total of 1442 respondents completed the survey, and the majority of participants placed importance on food safety when making food purchases. The recognition of each term was as follows: 95.2% (n=1373) for "food security and safety," 95.6% (n=1379) for "food hygiene," and 17.1% (n=247) for "food defense." The percentages of those who answered that they would "eat without worrying" in the case of "contamination by foreign substances," "bad smell," or "including unpurchased product" in the frozen food they purchased were 9.1% (n=131), 4.8% (n=69), and 30.7% (n=443), respectively. The results showed that contacting the manufacturer was the most common action when faced with contaminated food or food with a bad smell. Interestingly, a significant percentage of respondents indicated they would upload the issue on social networking sites. Logistic regression analysis revealed that male participants and the younger generation were more likely to choose the option of eating contaminated food without worrying. Additionally, the tendency to upload the issue on social networking sites was higher among respondents who were sociable and brand-conscious. The findings of this study indicate that if food intentionally contaminated with a foreign substance is sold and delivered to consumers, it is possible consumers may eat it and experience health problems. Therefore, it is crucial for not only food manufacturers but also food delivery service providers to consider food defense measures such as protecting food from intentional contamination. Additionally, promoting consumer education and awareness regarding food defense can contribute to enhancing food safety throughout the food chain.

Developing A Mobile App With a Human-Centered Design Lens to Improve Access to Mental Health Care (Mentallys Project): Protocol for an Initial Co-Design Process.

Co-design is one of the human-centered design approaches that allows end users to significantly and positively impact the design of mental health technologies. It is a promising approach to foster user acceptance and engagement in digital mental health solutions. Surprisingly, there is a lack of understanding of what co-design is in this field. In this paper, co-design is approached as a cocreation process involving persons with a lived experience of mental health problems, health professionals, and design experts who lead and facilitate the overall creative process. This paper describes an initial co-design research protocol for the development of a mobile app that aims to improve access to mental health care. It highlights the characteristics of a co-design approach in e-mental health rooted in human-centered design and led by design experts alongside health experts. The paper focuses on the first steps (phase 1) of the co-design process of the ongoing Mentallys project. This Mentallys project will be located in Montréal (Quebec, Canada). The method approach will be based on the "method stories," depicting the "making of" this project and reflecting adjustments needed to the protocol throughout the project in specific situations. Phase 1 of the process will focus on the desirability of the app. Targeted participants will include people with a lived experience of mental health problems, peer support workers and clinicians, and 3 facilitators (all design experts or researchers). Web-based sessions will be organized because of the COVID-19 pandemic, using Miro (RealtimeBoard Inc) and Zoom (Zoom Video Communications, Inc). Data collection will be based on the comments, thoughts, and new ideas of participants around the imaginary prototypes. Thematic analysis will be carried out after each session to inform a new version of the prototype. We conducted 2 stages in phase 1 of the process. During stage 1, we explored ideas through group co-design workshops (divergent thinking). Six co-design workshops were held: 2 with only clinicians (n=7), 2 with peer support workers (n=5) and people with a lived experience of mental health problems (n=2), and 2 with all of them (n=14). A total of 6 facilitators participated in conducting activities in subgroups. During stage 2, ideas were refined through 10 dyad co-design sessions (convergent thinking). Stage 2 involved 3 participants (n=3) and 1 facilitator. Thematic analysis was performed after stage 1, while analytic questioning is being performed for stage 2. Both stages allowed several iterations of the prototypes. The design of the co-design process, the leadership of the design expertise throughout the process, and the different forms of co-design activities are key elements in this project. We highly recommend that health researchers partner with professional designers or design researchers who are familiar with co-design. DERR1-10.2196/47220.

Collaborative evaluation of a pilot involvement opportunity: Cochrane Common Mental Disorders Voice of Experience College.

Involving consumers in systematic reviews can make them more valuableand help achieve goals around transparency. Systematic reviews are technically complex and training can be needed to enable consumers to engage with them fully. The Cochrane Common Mental Disorders group sought to engage people with lived experience of mental health problems in the Voice of Experience College, three workshops introducing them to systematic review methods and to opportunities to contribute as Cochrane consumers. We aimed to collectively evaluate the College from the perspective of both facilitators and consumers, to critically reflect on the experience, and to identify how the College could be sustained and spread to other review groups. This study was a longitudinal qualitative and collaborative evaluation, structured around normalisation process theory. Both facilitators and consumers were involved in not only providing their perspectivesbutalso reflecting on these together to identify key learning points. The workshops were positively evaluated as being engaging and supportive, largely due to the relational skills of the facilitators, and their willingness to engage in joint or two-way learning. The College suffered from a lack of clarity over the role of consumers after the College itself, with a need for greater communication to check assumptions and clarify expectations. This was not achieved due to pandemic disruptions, which nevertheless demonstrated that resources for involvement were not prioritised as core business during this period. Soft skills around communication and support are crucial to effective consumer engagement. Sustaining involvement requires sustained communication and opportunities to reflect together on opportunities and challenges. This requires committed resources to ensure involvement activity is prioritised. This is critical as negative experiences later in the involvement journey can undermine originally positive experiencesif contributors are unclear as to what their involvement can lead to. Open discussions about this are necessary to avoid conflicting assumptions. The spread of the approach to other review groups could be achieved by flexibly adapting to group-specific resources and settings, but maintaining a core focus on collaborative relationships as the key mechanism of engagement. Public contributors were collaborators throughout the evaluation processand have co-authored the paper.

Development of early detection of low-birth-weight instrument based on maternal risk factors: A mixed-methods study

Background: Babies born with low birth weight (LBW) are at a higher risk of experiencing health problems. The absence of quick and reliable instruments to detect LBW conditions can significantly impact the growth and development of newborns. Purpose: This study aims to develop an instrument to detect the incidence of LBW based on mother’s risk factor. Methods: In this study, mixed-methods research was conducted, consisting of qualitative and quantitative stages. A total of 20 participants participated in Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) during the qualitative stage, and 321 respondents took part in the quantitative stage. During the qualitative stage, the process of labeling, synthesizing significant codes, and theoretical integration was carried out. Furthermore, at the quantitative stage, the calculation of the cut-off point using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed. Result: Four indicators were added in newly developed instrument; there are currently ten indicators based on results of our FGD with the experts (OR/score: 74.395/10, 15.557/2, 13.877/2, 9.952/2, 7.203/1, 2.756/1, 2.532/1, 1.280/1, 1.268/1, and 1.163/1). Instrument was tested on 321 samples; it was able to detect 111 (88.1%) cases from a total 123 (38.3%) cases of LBW (p=0.000). Cut-off point determination used Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve; any score greater than 3 was predicted with LBW incidence (AUC=0.952, 95% CI 0.923-0.973). Conclusions: LBW could be predicted by our newly developed instrument. These finding could help health workers or policy makers to reduce the LBW incidence by early detection. Further study is needed to determine the ideal screening time to maximize the usage of this instrument.

Health seeking behavior of street connected children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Street children are the most neglected segments of the society with limited access to healthcare services. The vulnerability of street children to various health risks has been found by previous studies but little is known about their perceived susceptibility, preventive behavior and illness responses. Hence, the purpose of this study was to identify the health seeking behavior of street children in Addis Ababa. The study focuses on perceived susceptibility to various health risks, sources of health risks, and behaviors pertaining to responding to perceived risks and experienced health problems among the most marginalized groups in Addis Ababa. Using a mixed research approach, quantitative and qualitative data were collected through survey and interview methods from selected street children. SPSS and NVivo software were used to analyze the quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. Whereas the street children perceive to be susceptible for ill-health risks related with their living situations, responding to the perceived susceptibility mainly by maintaining personal hygiene and undertaking physical exercises have been identified. The study also revealed that street children were found to be vulnerable for the situations affecting their health and wellbeing mainly due to self-reported engagements in risky behaviors such as smoking cigarette (67.3%), sniffing glue or benzene (68.2%), sharing of personal materials having the potential of transmitting diseases from one person to another (25.5%), and unprotected sexual activities (14.1%). Experiences of visiting healthcare facilities in response to illness symptoms have also constituted an aspect of the health seeking behavior of the street children. Awareness of the presence of health risks and perceived susceptibility to the risks promoted both preventive behavior and positive compliance in relation to illness response among children of the street in Addis Ababa.