International Experience Research Articles

A Systematic Literature Review of Research on Data Finance in China

With the rapid development of the internet, the digital economy has made significant progress, and data has become a new type of production factor. Academic achievements related to data fiscal policy have also been increasingly enriched. This paper systematically reviews the major achievements in the field of data fiscal policy research in China. It focuses on the definition, significance, and value of data fiscal policy, as well as implementation measures. The paper summarizes the different definitions of the core concepts of data elements and data fiscal policy by scholars both at home and abroad, expounds on the theoretical foundations of data fiscal policy in terms of economic development, resource allocation, and fiscal revenue, and analyzes the important significance of data fiscal policy from the perspectives of economic transformation, fiscal revenue, and data element markets. The paper highlights its role in promoting high-quality development of the digital economy, enhancing government fiscal capacity, and optimizing resource allocation. Furthermore, it summarizes scholars specific suggestions regarding the implementation of data fiscal policy, including the design of data taxation systems, public data operation models, and lessons from international experiences. Based on the current state of research, this paper also analyzes and summarizes existing gaps in research and provides directions and recommendations for future studies on data fiscal policy.

‘Hermanos, pero no Tanto': the impacts of higher education on journalism careers in Argentina and Brazil

ABSTRACT This article focuses on the impact of journalism education on the careers of news workers in Argentina and Brazil. Through interviews with 40 journalists from both countries, this study addresses this issue by exploring and comparing how different educational backgrounds shape the trajectories of these journalists during their professional transition. The results show that respondents from both countries share a critical view of the ability of higher education programmes to meet the needs of the media industry. However, they disagree on the role and relevance of their educational background. While, Argentine journalists value the practical skills they learned, especially those who studied in technical schools most Brazilian respondents emphasized the critical thinking acquired during their time at university and their internship experiences. Data suggest that the Brazilian training system has favoured the emergence of a clear career pattern: newcomers should first attend a journalism programme, then do one or more internships in order to be hired. Such a pattern is an important mechanism of predictability in journalism careers. In Argentina, the multiplicity of paths and the informal methods used by newsrooms to hire journalists seem to reflect the more precarious situation of the media industry.

Toward Globally Competent Teaching: A One-Year Retrospect on Agriscience Teachers’ Changes in Perspective after an International Experience

This study aimed to understand how agriscience teachers’ lived experiences during an international experience influenced their perspective changes on globally competent teaching one year later. Using a phenomenological approach, four themes emerged – (1) personal growth, (2) intellectual growth, (3) professional growth, and (4) advocacy growth. By drawing on transformational learning theory, the themes demonstrated the phenomenon's essence – one year after an international experience in Costa Rica, the Louisiana agriscience teachers matured in their perspectives regarding globally competent teaching, which inspired a transformation in their personal and professional lives. Despite this, we concluded the teachers’ global competence, knowledge, and skills remained emergent and not fully formed. As such, we recommend future research examine strategies that could be used to continue to support agriscience teachers’ global competence and pedagogical development after returning from an international experience. Nevertheless, the growth experienced by the teachers should be further considered. Moving forward, we also recommend future research obtain evidence regarding the extent to which the teachers have integrated global concepts into their curriculum to develop an understanding of the breadth and depth of their perspective changes.

Anti-racist and anti-colonial content within US global health curricula.

There is a growing interest to address pervasive racist and colonialist practices in global health (GH). However, there is a paucity of information on anti-racist and anti-colonial (ARAC) education for GH trainees. This study aimed to identify curricular strengths and gaps in ARAC content for pediatric, family medicine and emergency medicine trainees participating in GH. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of GH programs' ARAC curricular content from May 2021 to January 2022. The survey was distributed to 148 GH program educational leaders via email. Descriptive statistics were used to describe quantitative data and comments were reviewed for common themes. The survey response rate was 44% (n = 65). The most represented programs were pediatric residency GH tracks (n = 24, 37%) and emergency medicine (n = 13, 20%), family medicine (n = 4, 6%) and pediatric emergency medicine (n = 6, 9%) GH fellowships. 28% of programs (n = 18) did not have faculty who identify as underrepresented minorities or international medical graduates. 56 programs (86%) had a formal GH pre-departure curriculum. The following areas were the least covered in respondents' curricula: anti-racism (n = 34, 53%), white saviorism (n = 34, 53%), history of GH (n = 24, 37.5%). 63% (n = 40) had bidirectional exchanges of trainees or faculty, but often with significant limitations. While most GH programs recognized the need for formal pre-departure training prior to international experiences, we identified a lack of diversity among GH faculty, significant areas for improvement in curricular content, and a need for more robust bi-directional partnerships. A more equitable future in GH hinges on addressing these educational gaps.

A narrative inquiry of international students' experiences in Indonesia

This study explores the promotion of ethical behavior through intercultural education via a narrative inquiry research design. Seven international students from Madagascar, Libya, Turkmenistan, Thailand, and Malaysia participated, providing diverse perspectives on their experiences. The participants' narratives were analyzed through the lenses of transitivity and language appraisal, revealing nuanced insights into how intercultural education shapes ethical behavior. The findings highlight the transformative impact of intercultural learning environments on international students' intercultural development and decision-making processes. This research underpins the integration of intercultural education into curricula to foster ethical global citizens and offers practical implications for educators and policymakers seeking to cultivate inclusive, ethically aware educational settings.

Immobility, remote education, and racism experiences of Chinese and Korean international students during COVID-19

This study examines international student experiences from two different yet intersecting dimensions: immobility and racism on campus during COVID-19. In addition to pre-existing challenges, COVID-19 introduced additional barriers to international student life. During the pandemic, international students encountered an unexpected remote education system designed to bridge their transnational connection with American higher education. This study aims to uncover the experiences of Chinese and Korean students and understand how COVID-19 further complicated their situations. The research reveals that international students also faced discrimination at various levels, exacerbated by heightened anti-Asian sentiments and the political climate during the pandemic. As hate incidents increased, international students began to recognize that educational institutions were not safe spaces but rather contact zones operating within power differentials. However, this study concludes that despite the intensified vulnerability caused by COVID-19, international students demonstrated resilience through various copying mechanism while finding this period of immobility meaningful.

Exploring the needs for Indigenous Allyship among post-secondary international students in Canada

This mixed-methods study taps into the salient features of knowledge mobilization and sociocultural conditions that shape postsecondary international student experiences with Indigenous cultures and commitment to allyship—a consistent gap identified in the literature. In the qualitative phase, international students from a Canadian university participated in a semistructured interview inviting them to share their Indigenous learning experiences and reflections on their allyship. The quantitative phase involved international students who completed a questionnaire, interpreted with principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analyses. The findings highlighted several themes underlying international student–Indigenous allyship: multicultural contexts, sources of learning, perceptions of indigeneity, cultural similarities, and sociocultural barriers. Key gaps emerged in the relational contexts of allyship, access to cross-cultural opportunities, and weaving Indigenous-led knowledge in curricula.

The relationship between social support and interpersonal self-efficacy among higher vocational college students: parallel mediation effects of anxiety and loneliness

BackgroundThere is close cooperation between higher vocational colleges and enterprises. Thus, higher vocational college students attach great importance to the internship experience in enterprises during their study period. They need to have more interaction and communication with school teachers, classmates and enterprise staffs, etc. Their interpersonal self-efficacy is important for developing and maintaining their good interpersonal relationships.MethodTo explore the effect of social support on the interpersonal self-efficacy of higher vocational college students and the parallel mediating role of anxiety and loneliness in it, a questionnaire survey and empirical analysis was conducted on 4,270 Chinese higher vocational college students by using the Social Support Scale for Adolescents, Interpersonal Communication Self-efficacy Scale for College Student, Self-rating Anxiety Scale and UCLA Loneliness Scale.Results(1) social support significantly and positively predicts interpersonal self-efficacy; (2) social support influences interpersonal self-efficacy through the mediating effect of anxiety; and (3) social support influences interpersonal self-efficacy through the mediating effect of loneliness.ConclusionsThis study contributes to the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the relationship between social support and interpersonal self- efficacy, thus providing references for higher vocational institutions and other related sectors to improve the interpersonal self-efficacy of higher vocational college students.

The externalization of internal experiences in psychotherapy through generative artificial intelligence: a theoretical, clinical, and ethical analysis

IntroductionExternalization techniques are well established in psychotherapy approaches, including narrative therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy. These methods elicit internal experiences such as emotions and make them tangible through external representations. Recent advances in generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), specifically large language models (LLMs), present new possibilities for therapeutic interventions; however, their integration into core psychotherapy practices remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to examine the clinical, ethical, and theoretical implications of integrating GenAI into the therapeutic space through a proof-of-concept (POC) of AI-driven externalization techniques, while emphasizing the essential role of the human therapist.MethodsTo this end, we developed two customized GPTs agents: VIVI (visual externalization), which uses DALL-E 3 to create images reflecting patients' internal experiences (e.g., depression or hope), and DIVI (dialogic role-play-based externalization), which simulates conversations with aspects of patients' internal content. These tools were implemented and evaluated through a clinical case study under professional psychological guidance.ResultsThe integration of VIVI and DIVI demonstrated that GenAI can serve as an “artificial third”, creating a Winnicottian playful space that enhances, rather than supplants, the dyadic therapist-patient relationship. The tools successfully externalized complex internal dynamics, offering new therapeutic avenues, while also revealing challenges such as empathic failures and cultural biases.DiscussionThese findings highlight both the promise and the ethical complexities of AI-enhanced therapy, including concerns about data security, representation accuracy, and the balance of clinical authority. To address these challenges, we propose the SAFE-AI protocol, offering clinicians structured guidelines for responsible AI integration in therapy. Future research should systematically evaluate the generalizability, efficacy, and ethical implications of these tools across diverse populations and therapeutic contexts.

Learn from international recommendations and experiences of countries that have successfully implemented monoclonal antibody prophylaxis for prevention of RSV infection.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-mediated bronchiolitis causes a significant global health burden. Despite this, for several years, the only approved agent for RSV prophylaxis was the anti-RSV monoclonal antibody Palivizumab, reserved for a small population of infants at high risk of developing severe RSV disease. Recently, the availability and approval of nirsevimab to immunize all infants against RSV infection since their first RSV season represented a crucial paradigm shift in RSV prevention. Nirsevimab has been shown to be safe and effective (> 80%) against RSV lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in all infants and children at their first season of RSV. Surveillance studies have demonstrated 90% effectiveness in reducing all-cause hospitalizations, all-cause LRTI hospitalizations, RSV-related LRTI hospitalizations, and severe RSV-related LRTIs. Moreover, the consistency and reproducibility of the beneficial outcomes coming from the prophylaxis with nirsevimab highlights its potential to deliver substantial health benefits, positioning monoclonal antibody administration as a cornerstone in the fight against RSV-related morbidity and mortality. Implementing immunization strategies for infants and children is crucial to align the international experiences and guarantee universal protection. This review provided an updated overview of the monoclonal antibody strategy for preventing RSV infection.

GLOBAL EXPERIENCE OF ADVANCED PRACTICE NURSES IN PRIMARY HEALTHCARE: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Introduction. The literature review emphasizes the growing role of advanced practice nurses (APNs) in primary healthcare at the international level. Amid global changes in healthcare systems, these professionals are becoming pivotal in enhancing both access to healthcare services and the quality of care. Aim of the Study. To investigate the global experience of advanced practice nurses within the context of primary healthcare. Materials and Methods. A search of scientific publications was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases, employing the following keywords: «advanced practice nurses,» «primary health care,» and «registered nurse.» Study Results. The study results indicate that advanced practice nurses significantly improve the quality of care and patient satisfaction. An analysis of various international models demonstrates the successful integration of these professionals into a team-based approach to treatment, leading to a reduction in physician workload and better population health outcomes. Moreover, the presence of clear regulatory frameworks and educational programs has been noted to enhance the efficacy of nurse practice, making them an integral part of the healthcare system. Conclusion. The international experience of advanced practice nurses showcases their significant impact on the efficiency of primary healthcare delivery. Recommendations for adapting successful practices can serve as a foundation for optimizing healthcare systems in various countries, ensuring more sustainable and effective healthcare provision.

SMOKING AS A CAUSE OF INCREASED CARDIOVASCULAR PREMATURE AGEING AND MORTALITY

Background. The article deals with the influence of modifiable risk factors, namely tobacco smoking on morbidity and mortality. The concept of reducing the influence of risk factors (harm reduction) was first widely recognized in work with people who are dependent on smoking. According to the WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, tobacco kills more than 8 million people each year, including an estimated 1.3 million non-smokers who are exposed to secondhand smoke. Purpose of the study: To study the impact of tobacco smoking on public health and the international experience of measures to reduce the harmful effects of this risk factor at the present stage. Materials and methods. The research and publications on the topic of the study were analyzed using sources indexed in eLibrary, Google Academic, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases. The results of a literature review aimed at studying the effectiveness and features of the organization of smoking cessation interventions are presented. Results of the study. A comprehensive approach to reducing the effects of harmful risk factors is yielding positive results. The group of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) remains the No. 1 deadly disease category, with alcohol, smoking, unbalanced diet and physical inactivity as the main risk factors. According to the latest data, tobacco smoke is one of the deadliest risk factors for deaths worldwide. While smoking cessation is the best option for reducing the risk of smoking-related diseases, tobacco harm reduction is a complementary approach to existing tobacco control interventions. Conclusion. Perspectives on tobacco harm reduction should focus on reducing the negative health effects of smoking. ‘Tobacco control’ refers to a range of supply, demand and harm reduction strategies aimed at improving public health by eliminating or reducing their use of tobacco products and exposure to tobacco smoke.

Pengaruh Internship Experience, Soft Skill dan Hard Skill Terhadap Kesiapan Kerja

This study aims to evaluate the impact of Internship Experience, Soft Skills, and Hard Skills on Job Readiness (a study on students of Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta). A quantitative approach was employed to examine the student population at the university, involving 150 respondents selected using purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected through an online questionnaire distributed via Google Forms and analyzed using SmartPLS 3.0. The results reveal that internship experience, soft skills, and hard skills positively and significantly influence students' job readiness. The research model demonstrated a good Goodness of Fit, with path coefficients indicating a significant contribution of each independent variable to job readiness. These findings underscore the critical importance of developing soft and hard skills during university years to better prepare students for the workforce.

The role of socio-economic determinants in the interregional allocation of healthcare resources: Some insights from the 2023 reform in the Italian NHS.

This paper discusses a reform recently implemented in the Italian National Health Service, aimed at adding some socio-economic indicators to the criteria adopted for allocating healthcare funding to Regions. The reform is based on international experience in healthcare financing in decentralized settings and provides a case study of special interest since Italy is a country with significant territorial disparities and severe budget constraints. The paper first discusses the long-standing debate between Italian Regions which led to the reform. Second, it reviews the main features of the reform which provides for the inclusion of socio-economic indicators via a simplified formula. Moreover, a possible revision of the reform is proposed, fully exploiting the information on the heterogeneity of health needs according to age and socio-economic indicators. By integrating the information on deprivation inside the risk adjustment mechanism, the weight of the different drivers is determined by the distribution of needs and not on a discretionary basis. Simulating the proposed revision suggests that more resources could be allocated to the Regions with higher levels of deprivation compared to a scenario that closely replicates the reform.

Should healthcare organizations be accountable for child community health indicators at the community level?

This paper reviews options for including community health accountability metrics for child healthcare systems, international and regional experience with such metrics, and some specific candidates for metric consideration. The inclusion of community metrics in child health accountability systems requires expanded accountability frameworks and re-education of clinicians. Most of the experience with use of community metrics in accountability systems comes from international settings. Lessons learned in these settings include the importance of linking the metrics to various policy and practice implementation measures while balancing the incentives for such 'horizontal' or communitywide indicators with current incentives. The Accountable Communities for Health movement may be the best-known example of US community health indicators for accountability. Four new papers suggest specific child metrics for consideration as child metrics, but only infant mortality rates and high school graduation rates are sufficiently standardized and nationally reported to be useful for such efforts. Healthcare accountability for child community health is an important next step, but the coordination with existing accountability systems, data collection systems, and financial incentives require more research to be effective in helping children. Infant mortality rates and high school graduation rates have the most potential as cross system accountability metrics.

First clinical report of the international single-port robotic rectal cancer registry.

Rectal cancer surgery remains a significant technical challenge. The development and implementation of a new technology offer hope for more accurate and precise surgery. To evaluate whether single-port robotic (SPr) technology helps achieve this goal, an international SPr registry was established. This study reported short-term clinical and oncologic outcomes from an international SPr registry for rectal cancer. A review of a prospective international registry of SPr technology approved for colorectal surgery with an investigational design exemption was conducted. Patients with rectal adenocarcinoma who had resection for curative intent using the SPr platform between November 2018 and September 2022 were included. Frequency statistics described patient and tumor characteristics and intraoperative, oncologic, and clinical outcome variables. The main outcome measure was the quality of the total mesorectal excision (TME) specimen. The secondary outcome measures were intraoperative conversion and 30-day postoperative morbidity and mortality. A total of 113 SPr procedures for rectal cancer were performed at 2 centers by 4 colorectal surgeons. Of note, 9 local excisions were excluded, leaving 104 cases analyzed. The cohort consisted of 53 men (50.96%), had a mean age of 60.00 years (SD, 11.29), and had a body mass index of 25.80kg/m2 (SD, 6.18). The most common T stage was 3 (55 [52.8%]), followed by 2 (19 [18.26%]). More than 60% of patients had preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiation. The mean tumor distance from the anorectal ring was 2.90cm (SD, 2.62), and the mean tumor size was 4.52cm (SD, 1.82). The procedures performed included transanal abdominal transanal/transanal TME (52 [46%]), low anterior resection (49 [43.3%]), and abdominoperineal resection (3 [2.7%]). The mean operating time was 168.0min (SD, 56.9). There were no intraoperative complications and 2 (1.9%) conversions to laparoscopy. There was a median of 2 incisions, with a mean size of 2.30cm (SD, 1.31). The TME specimens were complete in 101 cases (97.1%) and near complete in 3 cases (2.9%). The R1 rate was 3.8%, with 3 positive distal margins and 1 positive circumferential margin. Postoperatively, there were 15 total complications, of which 4 were major complications and 11 were minor complications. There were 2 readmissions (ileus and small bowel obstruction). There were no mortalities. This early international experience with the SPr procedure showed that it is a safe and effective technique for distal rectal cancers, with excellent specimen quality. The complication and conversion rates observed with other techniques and platforms used in rectal cancer surgery were not demonstrated. An international registry was used to better understand the opportunities and limitations of SPr technology in rectal cancer surgery as the technology is adopted and applied more widely. Although structured training and controlled trials will be required to develop best practices and define the use of the SPr technology, initial international registry data are encouraging.

“I Feel like People Would Look at Me like I’m Dirty or like I’m a Thief:” a Qualitative Exploration of Internal Experiences that Influence Recovery Among Adults at Risk of Opioid-Related Overdose

“I Feel like People Would Look at Me like I’m Dirty or like I’m a Thief:” a Qualitative Exploration of Internal Experiences that Influence Recovery Among Adults at Risk of Opioid-Related Overdose

Prevention of judicial errors and their prevention using AI

The article is devoted to the study of the possibilities of digitalization, artificial intelligence in preventing judicial errors and increasing access to justice. The study emphasizes the importance of digital technologies in the legal sphere, including the automation of judicial processes and modeling of judicial decisions, being an important step to ensure justice. The literature review analyzes international experience in using digital tools in various sectors, including the legal system, and identifies their potential for minimizing judicial errors. The research methodology is based on the use of predictive analysis of the integration of artificial intelligence into the judicial system, as well as a comparative analysis of foreign experience. The results show that digitalization of artificial intelligence-based systems, can increase the efficiency and transparency of justice, improve the quality of decisions and reduce the number of judicial errors. The discussion focuses on the need to adapt international experience to Kazakhstan's realities and develop a regulatory framework for the integration of artificial intelligence into the judicial system. The analysis highlights that successful digitalization requires a comprehensive approach, including technology development, training of specialists and creation of a transparent legal framework, suggesting directions for future work in the field of digitalization of justice, emphasizing the importance of interaction between people and technology.

Use of Simulation in Dietetic Internships: A Qualitative Exploration of Program Director Attitudes and Motivations

The use of simulation holds promise for the future of dietetics education for its use as an alternative for up to 30% of the 1,000 supervised practice hours for the training of Registered Dietitian Nutritionists. Even more so, simulation is a teaching tool. When done well, simulation can challenge students in a safe environment where they can receive constructive feedback from expert guides and meaningfully reflect on their learning. The purpose of this study was to interview dietetic internship (DI) program directors on their attitudes and motivations on the use of simulation in their programs, targeting the heavily program-congested states of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York. Three main themes emerged from this study: the live professional internship experience is considered ‘best’ to most program directors; program directors are motivated to use simulation if it will benefit students; and access to information on how to use simulation needs to be more readily available. As all directors voiced the Accreditation Council for Education in Nutrition and Dietetics (ACEND) and Nutrition and Dietetic Educators and Preceptors (NDEP) as their major source of information on using simulation, more resources should be made available through these channels on best-practices in using simulation to increase awareness and ease of adoption for those interested in using this type of instruction.

The Roles of Supervisor Care and Trust and Sense of Belonging in Promoting Internship Satisfaction

This study examines how relational aspects of the internship experience, namely students’ perceptions of a supervisor’s care and trust and students’ sense of belonging, factor into students’ satisfaction with their internship experience. We found that relational aspects impacted internship satisfaction. Although students’ perceptions of a supervisor’s care and trust were not a significant predictor of satisfaction, their sense of belonging was significant. Further analysis pointed to opportunities to use career related skills and gain confidence to pursue future job opportunities as significant in building students’ sense of belonging.