Community Expectations Research Articles

Energizing Comparative Environmental Politics and Comparative Political Economy

Energizing Comparative Environmental Politics and Comparative Political Economy

Right to the City Centre

The development of a symbolic urban economy reinforces the importance of historic city centres as spaces of aesthetic and cultural consumption. Urban culturalization strategies adapt them to uses and perceptions that target specific classes of consumers, generating gentrification effects. Elaborating on a research on the Jardins Efémeros Festival in Viseu (Portugal), this article explores how its programmatic agenda and connection with local politics reconfigures the city centre by generating new balances and dissonances between the ideal of city proposed by the cultural intervention, the reframing of space for aesthetic and experiential consumption, and the local community's expectations and interests.

Community perspectives on natural gas management in Tanzania

Several studies have discussed community participation in socio-economic projects. The studies have shown that many projects that have been initiated by either the government or private sectors have encountered resistance and reluctance from the local communities and other officials due to lack of prior and continuous involvements, poor dissemination of information on the significance of the projects, and differences in priority and interests. One of the key factors for the success and sustainability of any project is a clear understanding of the community's voluntary involvement, perspectives, and expectations of the given project. This study, therefore, aims to analyze the communities’ perspectives, expectations, and concerns related to the recent discovery and management of natural gas in Tanzania. The study adopted a questionnaire survey. Data was collected from the 115 respondents from local communities of Lindi and Mtwara regions in Tanzania. The study revealed that the communities are aware of the natural gas discoveries and policies and laws related to them. It shows that a small number of employment opportunities have been created and/or are expected to increase in the future. There should be transparency and accountability in the natural gas development, contracts, and agreements. The parliament should be the most trustworthy custodian of natural gas revenues. The study revealed that the natural gas sector would enhance the living conditions of Tanzanian households and support the attainment of the country's socio-economic development.

Integrating Quality of Life in the Care Pathway of Cancer Patients Undergoing Immunotherapy Treatment: Descriptive, Cross-sectional Survey of an Online Patient Community's Experiences and Expectations.

BackgroundNew cancer treatments, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), can improve survival and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with cancer. Although long-term monitoring of HRQoL has been shown to improve survival, integration of HRQoL into everyday practice remains poorly documented.ObjectiveThis study describes experiences and expectations of patients treated with ICIs regarding a discussion of HRQoL with health care professionals (HCPs) in cancer management.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in an online patient community (Carenity) in France. Patients treated with ICIs for cancer, included between September 2018 and January 2019, completed a questionnaire to assess the involvement of HCP in a discussion of HRQoL and when and what was discussed.ResultsOf 82 patients included (mean age: 56.9 years, 95% CI 54.2-59.6; 46 [56%] male; 34 [41%] with lung cancer), 62 (76%) reported discussing HRQoL at least once with HCPs, mainly general practitioners (54/82, 66%), oncologists (53/82, 65%), and hospital nurses (50/82, 61%). Around half (45/82, 55%) of the patients were satisfied with these discussions. Discussions with the oncologist were at the patient’s initiative (34/53, 64%). Discussions occurred primarily during follow-up visits (40/62, 65%), when adverse events occurred (30/62, 48%), and at treatment initiation (27/62, 32%). The most discussed dimensions were symptoms (48/62, 77%) and physical well-being (43/62, 69%). With respect to expectations, 54/82 (66%) patients considered oncologists as the most important HCPs for discussing HRQoL. These discussions were desirable throughout the care pathway, particularly at diagnosis (63/82, 77%) and when treatment was initiated (75/82, 92%) or changed (68/82, 83%). All HRQoL dimensions were considered important to discuss.ConclusionsWith only around half of the patients satisfied with HRQoL discussions, impactful HRQoL integration in clinical practice is critical. According to patients, this integration should involve mainly oncologists and general practitioners, should happen at every step of the care pathway, and should be extended to dimensions that are currently rarely addressed.

“Let Them Make It Rain and Bling”: Unveiling Community Expectations towards Returned Migrants in Cameroon

In Africa, international migration to the Global North is often interpreted as a means to achieve upward social mobility. This article highlights the importance of considering the socio-economic and political transformations that form migration aspirations, especially among African youths. Simultaneously, increasing restrictive migration regimes impacts the extent to which migrants can meet the clauses in the moral economy of migration in their origin communities. We focus on (Anglophone) Cameroon, where international migration is referred to as “bushfalling”. A person who migrates to a Western society desires or is expected to return home to share the wealth he/she has accumulated. This interpretation of migration forms different perspectives regarding migrants and guides expectations towards returned migrants. However, little is known on how these expectations are defined and redefined in the society of return. Based on focus group discussions conducted among local community members, we show that the expectations were guided by the visa regimes of destination countries. Moreover, successful returnees were defined by their ability to be visible and create an impact after return. Thus, this article contributes more broadly to an African perspective on the meaning and impact of return migration.

Being a safe place: a qualitative study exploring perceptions as to how a rural community hospice could respond to enactment of voluntary assisted dying legislation

BackgroundThere is a lack of research to guide the implementation of voluntary assisted dying legislation within a hospice setting. Furthermore, there is limited published information related to the expectations of the community and staff to assist decision making regarding voluntary assisted dying in a community hospice. The aim of this study was to explore the expectations of staff, volunteers and members of the community as how a rural Australian community hospice could respond in relation to imminent enactment of Voluntary Assisted Dying legislation.MethodsA total of 63 Hospice staff and volunteers and community members participated in 11 workshops. This qualitative study used the interpretive description method to analyse the workshop transcripts.ResultsWhile there was not a consensus view on community expectation, there was agreement among the participants for respect for a patient’s individuality and choices. Furthermore, care offered in hospice needs to remain non-judgemental and patient focused regardless of whether voluntary assisted dying policy was implemented or not. Both opportunities and risks associated with implementation were identified by the participants.ConclusionThere was common ground around the respect for the dying person and the ideal of a “safe place” despite opposing views on what this may mean in practice. There is a need for clarity in organisational responses around policy, risk management, education, and staff support.

Assessing Japan’s cybersecurity policy: change and continuity from 2017 to 2020

ABSTRACT Through close observation of Japanese cybersecurity policy between 2017 and 2020, I demonstrate that changes made to the policy during the period were kept to a modest level largely by the resilience of existing constraints on the use of force. Investigating a set of key Japanese government documents such as the Cybersecurity Strategy, National Defence Programme Guidelines and Midterm Defence Programme, I show that, while Japan did much to reduce its vulnerability to hostile cyber operations and enhance long-term security through organisational overhaul and operational redesign, the developments turned out to be more cumulative than revolutionary in nature. That is, Japan’s traditionally defensive defence posture continued to retain the restrained core of its cyber strategy, observable in the status-quo orientation of the legal system and compliance with the way the international community expects countries to behave in cyberspace. As such, I contend that structural impact will only emerge across government-led performance in the long run. The modest changes reflect Tokyo’s established preference to adopt a patchwork approach to enduring problems in cyberspace.

THE AFGHAN ISSUE IN PAKISTAN'S RELATIONS WITH THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY

. The article analyzes the development and active implementation of Pakistan's policy of internationalization of the Afghan issue since the outbreak of the armed conflict in Afghanistan in the late 1970s. The author proves that the Afghan conflict has always been one of the pivotal factors for Pakistan in building its relations with the international community. In order to receive significant amounts of financial and military assistance, Pakistan sought to position itself as a frontline state. Since the late 2000s Pakistan has instrumentalized the Afghan issue to diversify its international relations searching for partners from the neighboring regions as a counterweight to the USA. The author examines the features and effectiveness of Pakistan's participation in various multilateral forums concerning the Afghan issue to some extent. The article emphasizes the essential infrastructure projects that will connect South and Central Asia, as well as potentially have a positive impact on the Pakistani economy. The article especially focuses on the Afghan issue as a part of Pakistan's foreign policy strategy since the Taliban's coming to power in Afghanistan in 2021. In this regard, Pakistan's key strategic documents, statements by Pakistani officials, and international community's expectations from the Pakistani authorities are analyzed. Based on this, it is predicted that Pakistan has to harmonize its position with the global and regional powers for a number of reasons and does not appear to be the first to recognize the Taliban government of Afghanistan. The author comes to the conclusion that Pakistan's correct approach towards the Afghan issue will contribute to its rise, above all, in the regional subsystem of international relations as a constructive actor and boost its socio-economic development.

Analysis of academic stakeholders satisfaction on green campus implementation in Telkom University with importance performance analysis approach

The purpose of this paper is to identify the level of satisfaction of the academic community towards the implementation of green campus that took place in higher education institution, especially universities that have been awarded as green campus, by focusing in four elements of green campus, environmental management system, green building and green transportation, community participation and social responsibility, and teaching as well as research regarding sustainability. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data on sample of 100 respondents consist of all civitas academics in higher education institution. This paper uses importance performance analysis (IPA) approach technique in analysing data to find the gap between performance and expectation in term of green campus implementation. The average score of all aspects of the statement at the perception level is 3.25 while the average score of expectation level is 4.22 with a difference or gap of −0.77. The negative point shows that the perception level has not fulfilled the academic community's expectation in terms of green campus implementation from whole elements and indicators in Telkom University.

КИТАЙСКОЕ ДЕЛОВОЕ ПРИСУТСТВИЕ В ЮГО-ВОСТОЧНОЙ АЗИИ КАК ФАКТОР РАЗВИТИЯ ИНИЦИАТИВЫ «ПОЯС И ПУТЬ»

The implementation of China’s mega-strategy the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in Southeast Asia is premised on a solid economic foundation, part of which is the activity of entrepreneurs of the Chinese origin in those countries. Although extant studies offer explanations of the BRI implementation in Southeast Asia, as well as of the performance of ethnic Chinese entrepreneurs in those countries, they have fallen short of developing an integrated research approach to the role of ethnic Chinese businessmen in making the foundations of the BRI in Southeast Asia long-term and sustainable. The article analyses the place of Southeast Asia in the PRC’s BRI priorities, substantiated by Beijing’s support for entrepreneurial associations embracing business persons of the Chinese origin in Southeast Asian states, as well as main features of Chinese companies in those countries and Chinese practices of making and maintaining commercial contacts. In the author’s view, although the BRI expansion in Southeast Asia has become self-maintaining and self-reproducing, in the years to come, the PRC’s commercial practices will have to be partially adopted to expectations of Southeast Asian business community, mostly, ethnic Chinese entrepreneurs.

Nuremberg Trials: the triumph of justice or the trial of the victors? (Reflections on the book by A.N. Savenkov “Nuremberg: A Verdict for name of Peace”

Nuremberg Trials: the triumph of justice or the trial of the victors? (Reflections on the book by A.N. Savenkov “Nuremberg: A Verdict for name of Peace”

U. S. climate institutions and the intelligence community: Domestic and international collaboration

Climate change presents an actorless threat. The most powerful world jurisdictions are undertaking efforts to tackle this global threat multiplier. The Biden-Harris administration, returning the U. S. back to international climate politics, claims the leadership role. The author of the article examines how the administration’s climate rhetoric is backed up organizationally. The institutional architecture that powers Biden’s climate policy is put at the center of the article’s analysis. The United States intelligence community has been entrusted with a significant role in running current U. S. institutional climate recovery efforts. The article approaches the engagement of the intelligence community in climate policy from such angles as policymakers’ expectations of the intelligence community and its role and capabilities for domestic and international collaboration. The article proceeds through three stages. The first stage presents theoretical frameworks for new-institutional analysis approaches to climate policy of the United States. The second examines how the Biden-Harris administration organizes institutions in the system of climate policy. The third approaches the role and functions of the U. S. intelligence community in climate change prevention policy. The author concludes that the U. S. intelligence community possesses a strong capacity to provide for responsible decision making in regard to the climate, however, mechanisms for domestic and international climate intelligence exchange have yet to be determined.

Role of Community Perceptions in Corporate Social Responsibility

Academics and business professionals have grown increasingly interested in the topic of corporate social responsibility (CSR). In terms of corporate-community interactions, this study adds to the conversation on CSR in the context of the Nigerian oil industry. It especially entails a review of CSR programs implemented by multinational corporations (MNC) doing business in the Niger Delta and their effects on the traditional means of subsistence of the indigenous populations. In order to analyse the interaction between the host communities and the MNCs, this study explores community attitudes and expectations. This article uses a qualitative research approach and employs three focus groups, 28 semi-structured interviews, and twenty-eight interviews to gather empirical data. This is crucial because the majority of the CSR research in this area has focused on descriptive and in-depth theoretical explanations. The research's conclusions point to a highly complex interaction between the host communities and the MNCs. The host communities view the MNCs as unfair, indifferent to their plights, ignoring their obligations to them, and failing to live up to their expectations. Therefore, it is concluded that the local community have experienced conflict and ongoing unhappiness with the MNC as a result of the detrimental effects of oil extraction activities. They anticipate mutually beneficial outcomes.

Abstract IA-52: Improving access to research among individuals from under-represented racial and ethnic minority communities: The Strengthening Research In Diverse Enrollment (STRIDE) Study

Abstract INTRODUCTION Under-representation in health-related research is one of a multitude of factors that contribute to cancer disparities experienced by African American and Latinx communities. Barriers to research participation stem from historical social injustices, are multi-faceted and include factors specific to the research process, research team members and community experiences and expectations about research participation. Informed consent is a longitudinal process and represents an opportunity to address these barriers and potentially improve access to research by individuals from underrepresented groups. The purpose of the Strengthening Translational Research in Diverse Enrollment (STRIDE) study was to develop and test an integrated, literacy- and culturally-sensitive, multi-component intervention that addresses barriers to research participation during the informed consent process. METHODS A multi-pronged community engaged approach was used to inform the development the three components of the STRIDE intervention. At each of the three study sites, Community Investigators, local community members of diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds, contribute to intervention development, pilot testing and dissemination activities. Community engagement studios provided a semi-structured opportunity to solicit feedback from community experts in a facilitated group regarding the relevance, usability and understandability of the STRIDE intervention components. Additionally, component-specific approaches to obtaining community input were utilized. RESULTS The three components were developed and refined with community input. The STRIDE intervention includes: (1) an electronic consent (eConsent) framework within the REDCap software platform that incorporates tools designed to facilitate material comprehension and relevance, (2) a storytelling intervention in which prior research participants from diverse backgrounds share their experiences, and (3) a simulation-based training program for research assistants that emphasizes cultural competency and communication skills for assisting in the informed consent process. CONCLUSIONS The STRIDE project had produced an integrated set of interventions that are available to support researchers across the CTSA hubs and beyond in efforts to enhance diversity in clinical research. Early dissemination of STRIDE intervention components include utilization in national COVID-19 trials and research networks. Citation Format: Stephenie C. Lemon, Jeroan J. Allison, Maria I. Danila, Karin Valentine Goins, German Chiriboga, Melissa Fischer, Melissa Puliafico, Amy S. Mudano, Elizabeth J. Rahn, Jeanne Merchant, Colleen E. Lawrrence, Leah Dunkel, Tiffany Israel, Bruce Barton, Fred Jenoure, Tiffany Alexander, Danny Cruz, Marva Douglas, Jacqueline Sims, Al Richmond, Erik Roberson, Carol Chambless, Paul A. Harris, Kenneth G. Saag. Improving access to research among individuals from under-represented racial and ethnic minority communities: The Strengthening Research In Diverse Enrollment (STRIDE) Study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA-52.

Selektivna izloženost u političkoj komunikaciji

People exhibit preferences, or seek out information that is consistent with their political beliefs and opinions, when they engage in selective exposure in politics. The theory of motivated reasoning states that people's pursuit of knowledge is driven by two distinct goals: accuracy goals (which promotes drawing accurate inferences) and directed goals (which encourage the making of conclusions that people want to make, and which corresponds to their attitude). In general, people rarely have complete or adequate political knowledge, but even in these situations, they oft en shape their political opinions using informational shortcuts such as partisan cues. Today's political media messages are so persuasive, particularly with the growth of the Internet, that the audience is powerless to ignore them. Partisan selectivity is a concept that holds that people tend to prefer news and political content that supports their political beliefs. People may be inspired to seek out more information if they are exposed to a variety of political beliefs. On the other hand, those who tend to avoid political information that challenges their beliefs cause the community to become more politically divided. Studies have shown that social norms and community expectations affect selective exposure, which differs depending on the country's cultural environment.

EXAMINE THE IMPACT OF SHARIA COMPLIANCE ON ISLAMIC CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ADOPTION IN PAKISTANI ISLAMIC BANKS: MODERATING ROLE OF COMMUNITY EXPECTATIONS

The current study examines the impact of sharia compliance on Islamic corporate social responsibility adoption and further analyzes the moderating effect of community expectation on the linkage between sharia compliance and Islamic corporate social responsibility adoption. The researcher gathered data through Islamic bank employees working in the Sahiwal district, Punjab, Pakistan. Three hundred seventy-five complete responses were collected and analyzed using the partial least square structural equation modeling technique through SmartPLS Software 4.0. The findings revealed the significant relation between sharia compliance and Islamic corporate social responsibility adoption, and community expectations positively moderate the relationship between sharia compliance and Islamic corporate social responsibility adoption in Pakistani Islamic banks. The current study provides numerous guidelines for scholars and policymakers to understand the importance of community expectations to adopt Islamic corporate social responsibility in Islamic banks successfully. Keywords: Sharia compliance, Islamic corporate social responsibility, community pressure, Islamic banking sector, developing economy, Pakistan.

Stress behavior of hydrate-bearing sands with changing temperature and hydrate saturation

Since the natural gas hydrate (NGH) was confirmed to be widespread in deep-sea strata and permafrost regions, NGH research arouses great enthusiasm among scholars, and the commercial exploitation of NGH also arouses high expectations of the international community. However, from the perspective of safe exploitation, it is necessary to fully understand the mechanical properties of NGH before commercial exploitation. The geological survey shows an apparent temperature gradient in the hydrate reservoir, and the hydrate saturation varies with the reservoir location. Based on the above background, we conducted mechanical experiments on hydrate-bearing samples under different temperatures and hydrate saturation conditions in this work. The data showed that the samples' strength is positively correlated with hydrate saturation and negatively correlated with temperature. The compressibility of the sample is limited by the hydrate solid in the pores. Furthermore, the samples' dilatancy is negatively correlated with temperature and positively correlated with hydrate saturation. From the perspective of experimental phenomena, temperature and hydrate saturation have a coupling effect on the mechanical properties of the samples. With increasing temperature and decreasing hydrate saturation, the stress-strain behaviors of the samples change from softening to hardening. The above experimental results can be attributed to the effect of temperature and hydrate saturation on hydrate cementation structure in pore space. Moreover, the relationship between the stress-strain behaviors and these influencing factors was established. According to the above results, the existing constitutive model of hydrate-bearing samples can be improved. The accuracy of stability analysis of hydrate reservoirs can also be improved, which provides a theoretical basis for the safe exploitation of hydrate resources.

Functional Potential of the Activity of the NGO Ukrainian Library Association for the Development of Library Studies

The article is devoted to disclosing the functional potential of the Ukrainian Library Association (UBA) as an open professional organization that focuses its efforts on developing librarianship in Ukraine and strengthening the democratic foundations of social development in the country. The use of a set of research methods, the main of which were socio-communicative, systemic and functional methods, as well as empirical methods of inclusive and external observation, led to consideration of ULA and its activities from the standpoint of fulfilling its obligations, its compliance with library community expectations. Implementing certain functions of the ULA and its activities is revealed as a system of interconnected forms and tools that complement each other, enhancing the final effect. The creation of the ULA is considered as a response of the professional community to the need to solve certain tasks and implement a number of functions in relation to the development of the national library business and society as a whole. For the first time, the functioning of UBA as an open adaptive leadership organization that implements organizational, mobilization-motivating, communication-coordination, information, educational, scientific-methodical, consolidating, representative, advocacy, compensatory functions is substantiated. The content of these functions is revealed. The purpose of the compensatory function is to provide libraries with the necessary theoretical and practical basis for the effective implementation of promising areas of activity in the absence of relevant approved guidelines at the national level. It was found that from the beginning of the ULA the statutory documents of the organization did not provide for the implementation of the compensatory function. Still, during the development of the association and expressing its focus on prompt and effective solutions to current problems in library development, its implementation became an important vector of the ULA.

A study on community expectation for cooperative behaviour among locals and migrants: a case study of an Okinawan village, Japan

Despite the increasing need for local and migrant populations to cooperate in natural resource governance, little attention has been paid to community contexts that influence individual cooperative behavioural choices among them. The present study demonstrates this influence through quantitative and qualitative data obtained in Shiraho village, Okinawa, Japan. Externalised cooperative behaviour was significantly different between locals and migrants, and the residents’ location in the social network was related to the level of cooperation, even though they had similar individual cooperative preferences. We find that people with dense social ties participate in community cooperation more than others, and that residents practise their cooperative behaviour in a way that fits community expectations: which was influenced by age and birth origin. Understanding the social context that guides individual behaviour for natural resource governance in a time when residential fluidity may keep increasing has relevance to other communities.

Effect of 3 Forms of Early Intervention for Young People With Borderline Personality Disorder

Clinical trials have neither focused on early intervention for psychosocial impairment nor on the contribution of components of borderline personality disorder (BPD) treatment beyond individual psychotherapy. To evaluate the effectiveness of 3 early interventions for BPD of differing complexity. This single-blinded randomized clinical trial recruited young people between March 17, 2011, and September 30, 2015, into parallel groups. The study took place at 2 government-funded mental health services for young people in Melbourne, Australia. Inclusion criteria were age 15 to 25 years (inclusive), recent DSM-IV-TR BPD diagnosis, and never receiving evidence-based BPD treatment. A total of 139 participants were randomized (pool of 876; 70 declined, 667 excluded), balanced for sex, age, and depressive symptomatology. Data analysis completed May 2020. (1) The Helping Young People Early (HYPE) dedicated BPD service model for young people, combined with weekly cognitive analytic therapy (CAT); (2) HYPE combined with a weekly befriending psychotherapy control condition; and (3) a general youth mental health service (YMHS) model, combined with befriending. Therefore, the 3 treatment arms were HYPE + CAT, HYPE + befriending, and YMHS + befriending. Participants were randomly assigned both to 1 treatment arm (in a 1:1:1 ratio) and to a clinician. Psychosocial functioning, measured with the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Circumplex Version and the Social Adjustment Scale Self-report. One hundred twenty-eight participants (104 [81.3%] were female; mean [SD] age, 19.1 [2.8] years; HYPE + CAT: 40 [31.3%]; HYPE + befriending: 45 [35.2%]; YMHS + befriending: 43 [33.6%]) who provided postbaseline data were included in the intent-to-treat analysis. Regardless of group, from baseline to 12 months, there was a mean of 19.3% to 23.8% improvement in the primary outcomes and 40.7% to 52.7% for all secondary outcomes, except severity of substance use and client satisfaction. The latter remained high across all time points. Planned comparisons (YMHS + befriending vs HYPE; HYPE + CAT vs befriending) showed that neither the service model nor the psychotherapy intervention was associated with a superior rate of change in psychosocial functioning by the 12-month primary end point. The HYPE service model was superior to YMHS + befriending for treatment attendance (median [IQR], 22 [19] vs 3 [16] contacts; median duration, 200 [139.5] vs 94 [125] days) and treatment completion (44 of 92 [47.8%] vs 9 of 47 [19.2%]). HYPE + CAT was superior to befriending for treatment attendance (median [IQR], 12 [16.5] vs 3 [9.8] sessions) and treatment completion (24 of 46 [52.2%] vs 29 of 93 [31.2%]). In this randomized clinical trial of 3 interventions for young people with BPD, effective early intervention was not reliant on availability of specialist psychotherapy but did require youth-oriented clinical case management and psychiatric care. A dedicated early intervention BPD service model (HYPE), with or without individual psychotherapy, achieved greater treatment attendance and completion, making it more likely to meet service user, family, and community expectations of care. anzctr.org.au Identifier: ACTRN12610000100099.