Expansion Volume Research Articles

A Volumetric Study of Several Neat Alcohols as a Function of Temperature

Abstract The temperature-dependent molar volumes of 14 neat alcohols, including the homologous set of straight-chain primary alcohols, selected secondary alcohols, ethylene glycol, and selected alcohols with deuterated hydroxyl groups were measured in anticipation of uncovering systematic properties applicable to other neat liquids. For example, the addition of a single methylene group sequentially from ethanol to n-heptanol increases the molar volume by the nearly constant value of 16.385 ± 0.019 cm3·mol−1 at 0 °C. This linear behavior is exhibited at all temperatures studied. This constitutive property of molar volumes was reported previously for the partial molar volumes of aqueous alcohols, poly[vinyl alcohol], and organo-metallic complexes. Moreover, a method is proposed to partition the molar volumes into portions dependent upon intermolecular interactions, both attractive and repulsive (herein referred to as V int, the apparent intrinsic volume), as well as a portion reflecting the tendency for molecules to separate due to thermal kinetic energy (herein referred to as V exp, the expansive volume).

Development of Rice Cake Fortified With Acorn Flour and Inulin Using Superheated Steam Technology: Analysis of Physicochemical, Structural, and Baking Properties.

Steam injection, especially in a superheated state, increases the rate of heat transfer and improves the quality of the baked products. In this research, different baking methods (forced convention, superheated steam, and superheated steam-assisted) at different temperatures (140°C, 160°C, 180°C) were applied to produce a new formulated rice cake containing acorn flour and inulin. The findings revealed that the level of moisture inside the oven directly influences the volume of the cake. The cake prepared with supersaturated steam exhibited the lowest volume (67.86 cm3 in 25 min, 160°C) and the raw appearance. Whereas, the highest volume (74.87 cm3 in 25 min, 160°C) is attained when supersaturated steam is used in conjunction with hot air. The browning index constant in superheated steam-assisted (0.027 min-1) was significantly higher than that in forced convection (0.007 min-1) and superheated steam (0.006 min-1) treatments. A delayed superheated steam-assisted method (stream injection after 10 min of baking) improved the crust browning (BI = 120) due to accelerated Maillard reactions and caramelization, while the moist heat can also contribute to a more vibrant and glossy appearance by promoting a smooth, hydrated surface layer. In conclusion, the application of superheated steam and forced convention methods simultaneously during appropriate baking conditions brought better expansion volume, lower hardness and darker crust with suitable moisture content.

Performance of Fluid Infusion Systems in the Changing Atmospheric Pressures Encountered in Aviation.

With the increasing use of aeromedical transport for critically ill patients, it is essential to understand the impact of pressure changes on drug infusion delivery systems. As airplanes ascend and descend, gases/bubbles are released from solutions when ambient pressure decreases and dissolves when pressure increases. This may affect mechanical fluid delivery systems and cause clinically significant changes, especially within a critical care setting. We aimed to evaluate the impact of pressure changes on volumetric pumps and syringe drivers. An in vitro study of six volumetric pumps and eight syringe drivers was conducted in a hypobaric chamber to mimic pressure changes during flights. Infusion devices were set to deliver water at 0.2 ml ⋅ h-1 and infused volumes were measured. There were 15 open-ended syringes also studied. During ascent, syringe drivers and volumetric pumps over-delivered 173 µL and 38 µL of fluid. During descent, syringe drivers under-delivered by 166 µL, whereas volumetric pumps under-delivered by 9 µL. Syringe drivers experienced statistically significant changes in fluid delivery during both ascent and descent. In volumetric pumps, only the descent phase infusion differed significantly from other phases. The volume of fluid expansion is dependent on volume and the mechanical properties of the fluid. Decreasing ambient pressure causes bubble formation, which displaces fluid, and increasing ambient pressure causes bubble reabsorption in mechanical infusion devices. Hence, atmospheric pressure changes during air travel may alter fluid delivery from medical fluid delivery systems and affect critically ill patients who require both aeromedical evacuation and accurate infusion of drugs. Fan KS, Paterson M, Shojaee-Moradie F, Manoli A, Edwards V, Lee V, Hutchison E, Gifford RM, Parsons IT, Koehler G, Mathieu C, Mader JK, King BR, Russell-Jones D; EASA Consortium. Performance of fluid infusion systems in the changing atmospheric pressures encountered in aviation. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2025; 96(1):4-11.

Genetic analysis in traditional rice landraces of southern india for puffing quality

The present investigation was carried out at Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai during 2021 - 2022. The study comprising of 23 traditional rive varieties or landraces of Southern India were analyzed for 16 quality traits to study the extent of variability and character association. Norungan, Navarai, Chinnar and Thooyamalli are the landraces that had maximum value for amylose content, expansion volume, expansion ratio, bulk density and puffing yield. High PCV and GCV were observed for the traits bulk density, expansion of volume, expansion ratio and puffing yield. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean recorded for most of the traits except hulling percentage, milling percentage and head rice recovery. This proved that these traits are governed by additive gene effects and the process of selection would be effective to improve these traits. Character association studies revealed that the improvement of the traits viz., kernel length, hulling percentage, fat content, gelatinization temperature, gel consistency and bulk density are the key parameters to avail good puffing quality. Based on the overall performance, the genotypes Norungan, Navarai, Chinnar and Thooyamalli can be selected for future breeding programme to obtain new recombinant types for premium quality puffing. Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(4): 981-990, 2024 (December)

CT swirl sign in primary intracerebral haemorrhage and association with haematoma expansion

Background & Objective: Haematoma expansion is an important predictor of poor clinical outcomes for primary acute intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). Swirl sign is described as an area which is hypodense or isodense surrounded by hyperdense acute haemorrhage. This study aimed to describe swirl sign in ICH, its prevalence and to determine if the presence of swirl sign, swirl volume and the ratio of swirl to initial haematoma volume are associated with haematoma expansion and to predict clinical outcome in ICH. Methods: One hundred and sixty-three patients who had spontaneous ICH with initial (CT1) and repeat CT (CT2) within 96 hours were included. Presence of swirl sign, its volume and the ratio of swirl volume over haematoma volume in initial and repeat CT were calculated using semi auto-segmentation from ‘ITK snap’. Statistical analysis using Spearman’s correlation coefficient and chi-square test were done to assess the relationship between the data parameters with haematoma expansion as well as functional outcome and mortality at 1 month. Results: Chi-square test showed a significant association between the presence of swirl sign with the haematoma expansion (p < 0.001) and mRS score at 1 month (p < 0.05). Spearman correlation showed a significant moderate correlation between swirl sign and volume of haematoma expansion (r = 0.518, p < 0.001). Ratio of swirl volume/initial haematoma volume demonstrated low correlation but however significant with haematoma expansion (r=0.28 p < 0.05). Conclusion: Swirl sign, its volume as well as the ratio of swirl volume over initial haematoma are associated with haematoma expansion. It can be used as a predictor of mortality and functional outcome at one month.

Marked hemoglobin mass expansion and plasma volume contraction in Sherpas acclimatizing to 5,400 m altitude.

In lowlanders, high altitude (HA) acclimatization induces hemoconcentration by reducing plasma volume (PV) and increasing total hemoglobin mass (Hbmass). Conversely, Tibetan highlanders living at HA are reported to have a similar hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]) as lowlanders near sea level, and we investigated whether this reflects alterations in the PV or the Hbmass response to HA. Baseline assessment of PV and Hbmass was performed by carbon monoxide rebreathing at low altitudes (∼1,400 m) in Sherpas (an ethnic group of Tibetans living in Nepal) and native lowlanders. Participants then ascended to the Everest Base Camp (EBC) (5,400 m), where further measurements were performed after ∼2 days (EBC 1) and ∼6 wk (EBC 2). While on EBC 1 an increase in [Hb] was observed in lowlanders (P = 0.004) but not in Sherpas (P = 0.179), marked increases in [Hb] were observed in both groups on EBC 2 (P < 0.001). On EBC 1, Hbmass (Sherpas, P = 0.393; lowlanders, P = 0.123) and PV (Sherpas, P = 0.348; lowlanders, P = 0.172) were not different from baseline in either group, while circulating erythropoietin was increased in both groups (P < 0.001). On EBC 2, large increases in Hbmass and reductions in PV were observed along with elevated circulating erythropoietin in both groups (all P < 0.002). Neither the increases in erythropoietin on EBC 1 (P = 0.846) or EBC 2 (P = 0.564) nor the expansion of Hbmass (P = 0.771) or reduction in PV (P = 0.099) on EBC 2 differed between the groups. We conclude that the hematological response of Sherpas to extended exposure to very high altitudes does not fundamentally differ from that of native lowlanders.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We measured the hematological response to ∼6 wk exposure to an altitude of 5,400 m in Sherpa highland natives and Nepalese lowlanders. While the increase in hemoglobin concentration at high altitudes tended to be smaller in Sherpas than in lowlanders, the two groups experienced a similar reduction in plasma volume and increase in hemoglobin mass. We conclude that the hematological response of Sherpas to high-altitude exposure does not fundamentally differ from that of lowlanders.

Sex Modifies the Severity and Outcome of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

The limited existing evidence on sex differences in the clinical characteristics of patients with spontaneous, non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) comes from small, single-center studies. Here, we performed an individual patient data meta-analysis of 3 randomized clinical trials and 1 multi-ethnic observational study of ICH to investigate the impact of sex on ICH severity and outcome. Inclusion criteria in our study were a neuroimaging-confirmed ICH. We evaluated whether sex was associated with ICH severity (hematoma volume and expansion) and poor functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale >3) 3 or 6 months after the ICH. A total of 4,812 ICH patients were evaluated (mean age 62, 40% female). Males with ICH were younger, more likely to be smokers and have diabetes, and less likely to be on anticoagulants (all p < 0.05). In multivariable analyses, male sex was associated with non-lobar location (odds ratio [OR]: 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.39-1.92]; p < 0.001), larger hemorrhages (beta: 0.16 [0.08-0.23]; p < 0.001) and a higher risk of hematoma expansion (OR: 1.43 [1.20-1.71]; p < 0.001). Despite the larger hemorrhage volume and higher risk of expansion, male sex was associated with a 24% lower risk of poor outcomes (OR: 0.76 [0.64-0.90]; p = 0.002). Compared to females, males with ICH have larger bleeds and higher risk of hematoma expansion. Despite the larger bleeds and higher risk of hematoma expansion, males with ICH have lower risk of poor outcomes. Our results suggest that the biology and clinical trajectory are different in females and males with ICH, supporting sex-specific research in this condition. ANN NEUROL 2024.

Ozonation of Popcorn Kernels: Saturation Kinetics at Different Specific Flow Rates, Control of Aspergillus flavus Infection, and Grain Quality Analysis.

Ozone gas (O3) is a promising alternative for fungal inactivation in agricultural commodities. This study aimed to (i) investigate the influence of airflow on the saturation of popcorn kernels with ozone gas, (ii) evaluate its effectiveness in controlling Aspergillus flavus, and (iii) analyze the quality of ozonated grains. Samples of 3.0 kg of kernels were exposed to oxygen (control) or ozone at specific flow rates of 0.15 or 1.00 m3 min-1 t-1, with an input ozone concentration of 16.0 mg L-1 for 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, or 48 h. Quality parameters assessed included expansion volume, water content, electrical conductivity, and color. At 0.15 m3 min-1 t-1, ozone consumption and saturation time were lower, with an 80% reduction in A. flavus infection after 6 h. This flow rate did not affect grain expansion or water content. Conversely, at 1.0 m3 min-1 t-1, reductions in water content and expansion were observed with extended exposure. Electrical conductivity increased in both treatments, more significantly at the lower flow rate. In conclusion, ozonation at 0.15 m3 min-1 t-1 effectively inactivated A. flavus without compromising grain quality.

Pre-expanded Local Flaps: Optimal Choice for Repairing Defects Following Extensive Benign Tumor Resection in the Head and Face.

Treating extensive benign tumors of the head and face presents a longstanding challenge, necessitating efficacy at the lesion site, and postoperative esthetic considerations for the donor area. This study aims to explore the clinical outcomes of pre-expanded local flap reconstruction for extensive benign tumors of the head and face post resection. From March 2018 to March 2023, a total of 18 patients with extensive benign tumors of the head and face were admitted, including 13 cases of nevus, 2 cases of hemangioma, 2 cases of neurofibroma, and 1 case of verruca. Based on the location and size of the lesions, suitable local areas were selected for tissue expansion, and expanders were implanted for regular saline injections over 8 to 16 weeks. After reaching the desired expansion, resection of the head and facial tumors and local flap reconstruction were performed. Postoperatively, data on patients' information, tumor types, tumor area, expansion volume, postexpander complications, vascular condition after flap transfer, and donor site condition were collected. In this series of 18 patients, benign tumors of the head and face were completely repaired through 1 to 2 stages of tissue expansion surgeries. Postimplantation complications included hematoma in 1 case and infections in 2 cases, with one instance of expander infection leading to surgical failure. However, all other patients achieved adequate expansion, successful flap survival post-transfer, and experienced no other complications. Follow-up over 6 to 24 months showed no recurrence at the lesion sites, with flaps maintaining consistent color, texture, and thickness matching surrounding skin tissue. In addition, donor site healing was excellent, with no obvious surgical scars. Pre-expanded local flap reconstruction is an ideal method for repairing extensive benign tumors of the head and face postresection.

Dynamical and rheological analysis of gas condensate reservoir characteristics and multiphase flow behavior of a well

This manuscript proposes dynamical and rheological analysis of gas condensate reservoir characteristics and multiphase flow behavior of a well located at the lower Indus basin gas condensate reservoir in Sindh, Pakistan. The main objective is to analyze the compositional variation impacts on the liquid dropout, flow behavior and well productivity. For the sake of data analysis, constant composition expansion and constant volume depletion capabilities have been tested via pressure, volume and temperature cell under measurement of dew point and liquid dropout flow. By invoking CMG: Win prop simulator on the basis of equation of state namely Peng Robenson and Soave Redlish Kwong equations, phase diagram and well stream physical parameters have been analyzed. Our result suggested crucial significance for the behavior of flow and well productivity that liquid generation changes with the physical properties of flowing stream namely vapor viscosity, compressibility factor and vapor density due to pressure depletion showing decreasing trend. Mole percent of lighter components C1 mole percent increases from 54.567 to 62.153. While mole percent of heavier components C18+ decreases from 3.453 to 1.513 with 45% liquid dropout. In brevity, maximum well productivity has been observed in composition-1 which is 5.005 MMscf/day at pressure of 3131 psig.

Reformulation of gambang bread with additional pectin and coconut dregs powder as wheat flour and breadcrumb substitute

Gambang bread is a traditional no-yeast Indonesian bread characterized by its palm sugarlike brown colour, dense texture, and spice taste. Coconut dregs are high in dietary fiber but easy to spoil, so blanching is an effective way to prolong the coconut dregs' shelf life. This study investigated the effects of the blanching method and time on yield, water content, fat content, and dietary fiber content of coconut dregs powder. Moreover, the effects of coconut dregs powder substitution ratio and pectin concentration on the microstructure and physical characteristics of the bread (expansion volume and hardness) were studied. Hot water blanching produced coconut dregs powder with lower yield and fat content, as well as higher moisture and dietary fiber content than steam-blanched coconut dregs powder. Blanching time only affected dietary fiber content. 10 mins of blanching produced coconut dregs powder with higher dietary fiber content than 5 mins of blanching. Hot water blanching treatment for 10 mins was chosen as the best treatment. This treatment produced 43.12±0.64% coconut dregs powder. Moreover, the chemical characteristics of chosen coconut dregs powder were 5.40±0.01% water, 34.10±1.56% fat, 3.73±0.1% protein, 0.45±0.02% ash, 55.53±1.28% carbohydrate, and 73.90±0.02% dietary fiber. Higher substitution of coconut dregs powder increased hardness and decreased the expansion volume of gambang bread. Meanwhile, adding pectin significantly reduced the hardness of gambang bread. The best gambang bread was obtained from 10% substitution coconut dregs powder and 0.5% additional pectin. Bread microstructure showed that substituting coconut dregs disrupted the continuity gluten matrix more than control bread.

Prospective evaluation of the extensibility of the ascending aorta wall and its vascular prosthesis in a patient with an aneurysm with technically flawless surgical correction and postoperative decrease in functional parameters: A case report

In this clinical case, a patient who had an instrumentally detected aneurysm with the lumen expanding up to 60 mm underwent a surgically flawless prosthetic replacement of the ascending aorta. This treatment led to decreased exercise tolerance, decreased contractile function of the left ventricular myocardium at rest, and enlarged pulmonary artery. The leading factor was a decrease in the volume of systolic expansion of the aorta down to 5 mL (at the initial 13 mL), despite a noticeable increase in the extensibility and a decrease in mechanical stiffness compared with initial indexes of the affected aortic wall. In the literature review, considering mechanical extensibility and elasticity, problems in creating aortic prostheses equivalent to those for healthy biological tissues were discussed.

Popcorn quality parameters and nutritional properties of oily maize (Zea mays var. ‘Everta’) hybrids subjected to different thermal treatments

This research assessed the popcorn quality parameters and nutritional properties of 5 oily maize (Zea mays var. ‘Everta’) hybrids under several thermal treatments (hot air, microwave, and wet cooking). Grains contained 2.16–4.51 % crude fat and 11.08–12.94 % protein, displayed a similar amount of individual p-coumaric and ferulic acid derivatives (p > 0.05) (free: 3.61–40.53 μg/g; bound: 1621.75–1970.94 μg/g), and total phytosterols ranging from 8.76 to 13.17 μg/g. Hot air- and wet cooking-treated grains showed the highest expansion volume (121.5–133.1 mL), and there were no differences in yield and residual percentage (p < 0.05). PCA analysis clustered samples 1 and 3 as the most influential on bound phenolics, expansion time, yield, and popped grains weight, mostly under hot air and wet cooking treatments. Spearman's correlations outlined the potential of the grains' total and bound phenolics on popping quality (weight and expansion time: 0.50–0.90). Results suggested the oily hybrids' nutritional potential and suitability to produce high-quality popcorn.

Gingivo-Periosteal Expansion of Edentulous Jaw Crest with An Osmotic Self-Inflatable Expander: A Preclinical in Vivo Study.

This study examined the biocompatibility and expansion volume of tissue expanders utilizing rabbits and beagles as experimental models. The self-inflatable expander was provided using a Tissue balloon® (Neobiotech Co., Seoul, Korea). In 9 adult rabbits, a Tissue balloon® was placed under the lateral mandibular periosteum via an extraoral approach. After 2, 3, and 4 weeks (n=3), the expanders were removed, and soft tissue and bone samples were collected for analysis. Histomorphometric analysis and measurements of expander characteristics were performed. In 5 Beagles, all premolars were extracted. Three months after extraction, tissue expanders were placed in the maxilla and mandible, adjacent to dental extraction sites, and removed after 3 weeks. Gingival parameters were measured before and after expansion. Blood perfusion in the oral mucosa was assessed using a laser Doppler flowmeter at different time points. After three weeks, dogs were euthanized, and tissue samples were collected for histologic analysis, focusing on inflammatory response, bone formation, and gingival thickness changes. In the rabbit study, measurements of size, weight, and volume showed significant increases over 4 weeks. Swelling peaked at 2 weeks postimplantation and then gradually stabilized. Histologic examination revealed no signs of inflammation, and expanders were covered by collagen-rich capsules. Some bone resorption was noted due to pressure from the expanders, but the resorption was not significant. In the beagle study, twenty tissue expanders were implanted; 1 expander was lost, and 9 wounds dehisced during soft tissue healing. However, no signs of infection were noted. Histologic evaluation showed bone atrophy, attributed to swelling pressure, at the recipient site. Gingival thickness was not decreased. Perfusion measurements indicated that expansion did not affect microvascular circulation adversely. Overall, both studies suggest that tissue expanders demonstrate biocompatibility and successful expansion volume in vivo, with minimal adverse effects on surrounding tissues and microvascular circulation.

Study on Expansion Rate of Steel Slag Cement-Stabilized Macadam Based on BP Neural Network.

The physicochemical properties of steel slag were investigated using SEM and IR, and it was found that free calcium oxide and free magnesium oxide in steel slag produce calcium hydroxide when in contact with water, leading to volume expansion. Thus, the expansion rate of steel slag itself was first investigated, and it was found that the volume expansion of steel slag was more obvious in seven days after water immersion. Then, the cement dosages of 5% and 6% of the steel slag expansion rate and cement-stabilized gravel volume changes between the intrinsic link were further explored after the study found that the cement bonding effect can be partially inhibited due to the volume of expansion caused by the steel slag, so it can be seen that increasing the dosage of cement can reduce the volume expansion of steel slag cement-stabilized gravel with the same dosage of steel slag. Finally, a prediction model of the expansion rate of steel slag cement-stabilized gravel based on the BP (back propagation) neural network was established, which was verified to be a reliable basis for predicting the expansion rate of steel slag cement-stabilized aggregates and improving the accuracy of the proportioning design.

Enhancing the performance of natural rubber by employing modified expanded graphite at varying expansion volumes

Diverse expansion volumes of expanded graphite (EG) were synthesized utilizing the chemical oxidation technique, and modified EG was produced by coating EG with distinct expansion ratios employing polyacrylate. The modified EG/natural rubber (NR) composites were fabricated using the modified EG, and the impacts of varying expansion volumes of EG on the mechanical and thermal characteristics of these composites were scrutinized. The findings revealed that following polyacrylate modification, the surface roughness and active groups of EG experienced a substantial increase. The tensile strength of the composite material escalated in correlation with the expansion volume of the modified EG, exhibiting an enhancement of 81.72%. The elongation at break, stress at a specified elongation, and thermal conductivity demonstrated a pattern of initially increasing and subsequently decreasing as the expansion volume increased. The thermal conductivity of the material reached its peak at an EG expansion volume of 20 g/mL, with a thermal conductivity of 0.569, and an overall favorable mechanical performance.

The First Report of The Growth Performance and Environmental Sustainability Effects of Dietary Insect Meal Application on The Jardine River Turtle (Emydura Subglobosa)

Abstract This study provides empirical data on the balancing, production, and quality of freshwater turtle diets containing partially defatted black soldier fly larvae Hermetia illucens meal (BSFL) as a fish meal (FM) replacement. A 70-day experiment was performed using 27 Jardine river turtle (Emydura subglobosa) juveniles (6 months old). Three dietary treatments were applied, namely, CON with 30% fish meal and no BSFL as the control, H75 with 22.5% fish meal and 7.5% BSFL, and H150 with 15% fish meal and 15% BSFL, with 3 replicates per treatment, 3 animals per replicate, and 9 specimens in total per treatment. Post-extrusion tests showed that feed technological parameters are dependent on the BSFL meal proportion in terms of the pellet length expansion rate, volume increase, and water binding capacity. The obtained experimental feeds were well accepted by the animals. During the entire experimental period, no turtle mortality, diet-related issues, or differences in shell development or growth performance were recorded among the treatments. However, the feed intake increased in comparison to CON when 7.5% BSFL meal was used (42.30 g vs. 50.40 g), and a lower feed conversion ratio was observed in the 15% BSFL treatment (1.51 vs. 1.38). For the first time, it was empirically proven that E. subglobosa can efficiently utilize BSFL meal for up to 15% of their diet. Moreover, the possibility of an increase in environmental sustainability during turtle husbandry due to a decrease in total marine resource use of 55.8% and a 57.4% decrease in the use of fish meal per kg of body weight gain were recorded.

Design of Protection Software Using Some Cryptosystems for Cloud Database Files

The security of cloud databases may be a basic concern for organizations as they store and manage expansive volumes of delicate information within the cloud. Cryptosystems played an essential part in securing information privacy and integrity in these situations. This paper gives an in-depth investigation of the utilization of cryptosystems for cloud database security. The paper starts by talking about the foundation and importance of cloud database security, highlighting the expanding requirement for strong information security measures. A comprehensive study reviewed and investigated the current state of research in this space, distinguishing key progressions and challenges. The paper at that point digs into the execution of cryptosystems in cloud databases, looking at their execution and trade-offs. Besides, rising patterns and advances for improving cloud database security, such as multi-factor confirmation, homomorphic encryption, and blockchain, are discussed. The paper moreover recognizes different inquiries about openings and future headings within the field, counting various encryption methods, execution optimization, key administration, convenience enhancements, compliance contemplations, and integration with rising advances. Furthermore, we proposed encryption software for file protection, the software designed based on symmetric and asymmetric cryptosystems. The proposed software can be adapted for file protection in cloud database security. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significance of cryptosystems for cloud database security and underscores the requirement for continuous inquiry about and collaboration to address challenges and drive development in this zone.

Unraveling popping quality through insights on kernel physical, agro-morphological, and quality traits of diverse popcorn (Zea mays var. everta) inbreds from indigenous and exotic germplasm

Popcorn is a specialty corn with worldwide popularity as a snack. Despite having great market demand, genetic improvement in popping quality is limited, which is caused by the limited germplasm utilization and narrow genetic base. An assortment of diverse germplasm, their effective characterization, and integration into popcorn breeding pipeline is the foundation for an efficient breeding program. Here, kernel characteristics, popping quality traits, and agro-morphological traits were evaluated across three locations on a diverse panel of 48 popcorn inbreds derived from diverse landraces and populations of exotic and indigenous origin. The variations due to genotypes, locations, and genotype × location interaction were highly significant. The popping quality traits recorded wide variation with a high coefficient of genotypic determination. The kernel dimensions, kernel density, test weight, and grain yield were negatively correlated with popping quality traits. Genotypes with rice-type kernels exhibited better popping quality than pearl-type kernels. Analysis of genotype × location (G×L) interaction identified two target locations for the key popping quality trait, popping expansion volume. PMI-PC-175, PMI-PC-187, PMI-PC-188, and PMI-PC-189 were identified as superior genotypes over checks for desirable popping quality, agronomic performance, and high grain yield. The contrasting inbreds for popping quality and flake shape (mushroom vs. butterfly) can be utilized for developing mapping populations to enhance our understanding of molecular aspects of popping quality traits. Further, the promising inbreds can be utilized in the genetic improvement of popcorn and crossed to develop superior popcorn hybrids. The results suggest a potential opportunity to establish an efficient popcorn breeding program.

Karakteristik Fisik, Kimia, Fungsional, dan Sensori Nasi Gurih Instan Dibandingkan dengan Nasi Putih Instan

Variations of processing rice into cooked rice had long been developed. One of the rice products that had been widely circulated in the community was savory rice. Savory rice with an instantization processed was more practical in serving. This research aimed to determine the physical, chemical, functional, and sensory characteristics of instant savory rice compared to instant white rice. The stages of processing instant savory rice included washing, soaking, cooking, freezing, and drying. The freezing process was carried out at -20 °C for 24 h. The drying process for instant savory rice used a fluidized bed dryer for 3 h. Instant white rice was used as a control. The porosity level of instant savory rice was lower than instant white rice as indicated by the yield (95.77%), bulk density (0.57 g/mL), rehydration time (14.34 min), rehydration ratio (2.86), expansion volume ratio (2.26), and water absorption capacity (69.50%). Instant savory rice contained moisture content (8.48%), ash content (3.93%), fat content (5.56%), protein content (7.54%), and starch digestibility (54.84%) which was higher than instant white rice. Instant savory rice had carbohydrate content (82.97%), amylose content (32.39%), amylopectin content (46.59%), starch content (79.98%), and resistant starch content (1.90%) lower than instant white rice. In terms of sensory test results revealed that instant savory rice after rehydration was preferred by consumers compared to instant white rice regarding color, aroma, taste, texture, and overall with a score of 5.39-5.84.