Expansion Of Base Research Articles

Early ontogeny defines the diversification of primary vascular bundle systems in angiosperms

AbstractUnderstanding vascular bundle systems in angiosperms is a challenge. On the one hand, the vascular tissue is extremely important in reconstructing the evolution and survivability of plants, but on the other hand, it forms a complicated three-dimensional system of controversially discussed phylogenetic and ontogenetic origin. To increase clarity, in this paper we briefly summarize histological, phylogenetic and molecular aspects of primary vascular bundle formation in angiosperms, adding histological data on early stages of vascular bundle formation, proposing a concept combining the different views and providing simplified illustrations to improve the understanding of primary vascular systems in angiosperms. Based on the auxin hypothesis, vascular bundle formation is stimulated by the development of leaf primordia. Provascular domains appear at the base of the leaf primordia and develop into two directions (leaf, internode). The low vs. high number of internodal bundles, their circular vs. scattered arrangement and the open vs. closed bundle construction in eudicots vs. monocots can be deduced to be due to processes below the shoot apical meristem. The most important processes distinguishing monocots from eudicots are the isolated bundle initiation outside the primary meristem, the enormous expansion of the leaf bases associated with a high number of vascular bundles and the early onset of primary thickening passively dislocating vascular bundles.

Expansions in multiple bases

Expansion of real numbers is a basic research topic in number theory. Usually we expand real numbers in one given base. In this paper, we begin to systematically study expansions in multiple given bases in a reasonable way, which is a generalization in the sense that if all the bases are taken to be the same, we return to the classical expansions in one base. In particular, we focus on greedy, quasi-greedy, lazy, quasi-lazy and unique expansions in multiple bases.

Prediction of sulfur content in diesel fuel using fluorescence spectroscopy and a hybrid ant colony - Tabu Search algorithm with polynomial bases expansion

It is widely accepted that feature selection is an essential step in predictive modeling. There are several approaches to feature selection, from filter techniques to meta-heuristics wrapper methods. In this paper, we propose a compilation of tools to optimize the fitting of black-box linear models. The proposed AnTSbe algorithm combines Ant Colony Optimization and Tabu Search memory list for the selection of features and uses l1 and l2 regularization norms to fit the linear models. In addition, a polynomial combination of input features was introduced to further explore the information contained in the original data. As a case study, excitation-emission matrix fluorescence data were used as the primary measurements to predict total sulfur concentration in diesel fuel samples. The sample dataset was divided into S10 (less than 10 ​ppm of total sulfur), and S100 (mean sulfur content of 100 ​ppm) groups and local linear models were fit with AnTSbe. For the Diesel S100 local models, using only 5 out of the original 1467 fluorescence pairs, combined with bases expansion, we were able to satisfactorily predict total sulfur content in samples with MAPE of less than 4% and RMSE of 4.68 ​ppm, for the test subset. For the Diesel S10 local models, the use of 4 Ex/Em pairs was sufficient to predict sulfur content with MAPE 0.24%, and RMSE of 0.015 ​ppm, for the test subset. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed methodology was able to satisfactorily optimize the fitting of linear models to predict sulfur content in diesel fuel samples without need of chemical of physical pre-treatment, and was superior to classic PLS regression methods and also to our previous results with ant colony optimization studies in the same dataset. The proposed AnTSbe can be directly applied to data from other sources without need for adaptations.

Anthropogenic deep-transformed soils (urbosems) of Odessa city

The classification of soils of urban areas (on the example of Odesa) was presented, according to which two classes of soils were distinguished within the city: natural and anthropogenic. The proposed ecological-profile-genetic classification of soils of urban areas combines profile-genetic and factor-ecological approaches. Anthropogenic soils are divided into two groups of soil types: anthropogenically transformed and anthropogenically created. Anthropogenically transformed soils include two types: anthropogenically surface-transformed (urban- and agrosoils) and anthropogenically deeply-transformed (urbozems). The group of types of anthropogenically created soils includes the type of technological surface-soillike formations and sealed soils (constructozems). The article presents the results of the study of anthropogenically deeply-transformed soils of Odesa (urbozems). General scientific (systematic, analysis, synthesis, generalization, statistics) and traditional (soil-genetic, profile-morphological, laboratory-analytical and cartographic) research methods were used to study the genetic characteristics of soils of Odesa and their classification. To study the structure, composition and properties of soils in the city 35 full-profile sections and 17 diggings in 25 key areas were laid. The main morphological characteristics and physicochemical properties were given, the indicators of nutrient content, humus, pHH2O, granulometric composition of soils were analyzed. The composition of salts and absorbed bases in soils was determined. Granulometric composition of urbanozems is clay loamy with a tendency to lighten due to anthropogenically increase of the sand factions and skeletal material content. A typical feature of the urbozems of Odesa is a pretty high variability of nitrogen content in terms of nitrification ability, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium. The content of organic matter in the urban horizon of urban soils ranges from 0.86 to 5.40%. Recreazems and hillozems are characterized by medium loam granulometric composition, alkaline reaction of soil solution, low levels of nutrients and humus. The practical significance of the results provides for the expansion and addition of theoretical and methodological bases of the research of soils in different functional and economic zones of human settlements.

Future development of helicopter emergency medical services in Korea

This paper discusses the future development of air ambulance operations in Korea. Helicopter emergency medical services are a useful means of transporting critically ill patients to the right hospital, at the right time. It is an important element of the emergency medical system to treat acute diseases at the scene, or in transit. For more efficient operations of the emergency medical helicopters (air ambulances or the so-called ‘Doctor Helgi’ in Korea), various challenges are faced. These include, the expansion of air ambulance bases, proper placement of rendezvous points (landing point), increase of field transport requests, and the operation of night missions. First, it is necessary to reduce the disparity in the benefits of emergency medical care for critically ill patients through the expansion of helicopter bases. Second, through the advancement of joint operations of the pan-ministerial emergency medical helicopters, the time from dispatch to helicopter take-off should be minimized, and a quality improvement program for air transportation should be carried out. Third, it is necessary to increase the number of insufficient rendezvous points and ensure the safety of the helicopters during takeoff and landing, to activate field transportation. Finally, the safety of patients and medical staff should be secured through the systematic preparation of the air transport system for future night missions. To solve these tasks, an appropriate legal system for helicopter emergency medical service is required. Based on the improved system, it is expected that everyone will enjoy equal rights for health, regardless of the regions.

Solving Phaseless Highly Nonlinear Inverse Scattering Problems With Contraction Integral Equation for Inversion

At high frequencies, phase measurement is difficult to meet the accuracy required for imaging, and it is more susceptible to noise pollution. Consequently, it is important to develop inversion models and algorithms for electromagnetic inverse scattering problems with phaseless data (PD-ISPs). Compared to the ISPs with full-data (FD-ISPs), the PD-ISPs are more nonlinear due to the lack of the phase information. Aiming at solving highly nonlinear PD-ISPs, in this article we present a contraction integral equation for inversion (CIE-I) regularized with Fourier subspace via contrast source inversion method, denoted as PD-CSI-CIE-I. Under the model of CIE-I, the nonlinearity of PD-ISPs can be effectively alleviated. In order to stabilize CIE-I, a nested optimization scheme with multi-round procedure is adopted by choosing the proper number of low-frequency components from unknown induced current spanned in the Fourier subspace. By the Fourier bases expansion of induced current, the computational cost can be further reduced. Numerical and experimental examples validate the efficiency of the proposed inversion method. Futher, it is shown that the proposed PD-CSI-CIE-I has a stronger inversion capability than the one with the Lippmann-Schwinger integral equation (LSIE) when tackling high contrast scatterers with phaseless data.

Os danos do sistema global de bases ultramarinas dos Estados Unidos para os países hospedeiros

Este artigo tem por objetivo principal descrever quais são os danos que as bases ultramarinas dos Estados Unidos (EUA) trazem aos países hospedeiros. Ao entender como o sistema global de bases ultramarinas dos Estados Unidos surgiu, quais são as tipologias de bases e sua concentração geográfica hoje, é possível perceber como as bases dos EUA se apresentam no exterior. Após revisão de literatura, percebe-se que os danos são das mais distintas naturezas: danos socioeconômicos, violência sexual e de gênero, degradação do meio ambiente, etc. Além disso, com as novas bases de Cooperative Security Location, mais conhecidas como Lily Pads, é questionável até que ponto as bases respeitam a soberania do país hospedeiro. Após a apresentação descritiva dos danos e uma análise dos dados das localizações das bases com o desenvolvimento do país hospedeiro, conclui-se que danos ocorrem em sua grande maioria em países do Sul Global, mas não unicamente, e que a falta de movimentos e organizações antibases em países do Sul pode ser um resultado das estruturas históricas que os moldaram. Ainda faltam estudos mais amplos sobre os danos das bases e mesmo sobre a presença delas em países do Sul e Norte Globais, logo, busca-se incentivar os leitores a se debruçarem sobre o tema, completando as lacunas que ainda existem.
 
 
 Abstract: This article's main objective is to describe the damage cause by the USA's overseas bases on host countries. By understanding how the American overseas basing system was developed, their classification and current geographical distribution, an overview of how these bases operate overseas is possible. A review of the literature shows how damage is presented in many sorts: socioeconomical damage, sexual and gender violence, environmental harm, etc. Also, the introduction of Cooperative Security Location bases, also known as Lily Pads, the question emerges of to what extent a host country's sovereignty is respected. Following the descriptive presentation of the damage and an analysis of the localization of these bases and local development in host countries, we conclude that the damages were caused almost entirely, but not only, in countries in the Global South, and that the lack of anti-base movements and social organizations in countries in the South might be a result historical structures that shaped them. There is space for further investigation into the damage caused by bases, and into their very presence in countries in the Global North and in the South, which is why readers are encouraged to engage the subject and fill the existing gaps.
 Key-words: United States. Bases. Military. Society.
 
 
 Recebido em: agosto/2018.
 Aprovado em: outubro/2019.

Fisher information for endohedrally confined hydrogen atom

Abstract Electron localization and delocalization of endohedrally confined hydrogen atom has been investigated employing Fisher information theory. Confinement has been modeled using a spherical Gaussian-type potential. B-spline bases expansion method was used to solve the Schrodinger equation to obtain the required energy eigenvalues and the corresponding wave functions. Changes in energies with depths of potential are explained using Hellmann-Feynman theorem. The behavior of Fisher information against the confining potential depths and positions are demonstrated. Moreover, our results show that Fisher information is an effective way to measure the localization of valence electrons.

Normal-mode-based theory of collisionless plasma waves

The Van Kampen normal-mode method is applied in a comprehensive study of the linear wave perturbations of a homogeneous, magnetized and finite-temperature plasma, described by the collisionless Vlasov–Maxwell system in its non-relativistic version. The analysis considers a stable, Maxwellian background, but is otherwise completely general in that it allows for arbitrary wave propagation direction relative to the equilibrium magnetic field, multiple plasma species and general polarization states of the perturbed electromagnetic fields. A convenient formulation is introduced whereby the generator of the time advance is a Hermitian operator, analogous to the Hamiltonian in the Schrödinger equation of quantum mechanics. This guarantees a real frequency spectrum and complete bases of normal modes. Expansions in these normal-mode bases yield immediately the solutions of initial-value problems for general initial conditions. With standard initial conditions and propagation direction parallel to the equilibrium magnetic field, all the familiar results obtained following Landau’s Laplace transform approach are recovered. Considering such parallel propagation, the present work shows also explicitly and provides an example of how to construct special initial conditions that result in different, damped but otherwise arbitrarily prescribed time variations of the macroscopic variables. The known dispersion relations for perpendicular propagation are also recovered.

A Note on Jing and Li’s Type $$\varvec{B}$$ B Quasisymmetric Schur Functions

In 2015, Jing and Li defined type B quasisymmetric Schur functions and conjectured that these functions have a positive, integral and unitriangular expansion into peak functions. We prove this conjecture, and refine their combinatorial model to give explicit expansions in monomial, fundamental and peak bases. We also show that these functions are not quasisymmetric Schur, Young quasisymmetric Schur or dual immaculate positive, and do not have a positive multiplication rule.

On expansion and contraction of DL-Lite knowledge bases

Knowledge bases (KBs) are not static entities: new information constantly appears and some of the previous knowledge becomes obsolete. In order to reflect this evolution of knowledge, KBs should be expanded with the new knowledge and contracted from the obsolete one. This problem is well-studied for propositional but much less for first-order KBs. In this work we investigate knowledge expansion and contraction for KBs expressed in DL-Lite, a family of description logics (DLs) that underlie the tractable fragment OWL2QL of the Web Ontology Language OWL2. We start with a novel knowledge evolution framework and natural postulates that evolution should respect, and compare our postulates to the well-established AGM postulates. We then review well-known model and formula-based approaches for expansion and contraction for propositional theories and show how they can be adapted to the case of DL-Lite. In particular, we show intrinsic limitations of model-based approaches: besides the fact that some of them do not respect the postulates we have established, they ignore the structural properties of KBs. This leads to undesired properties of evolution results: evolution of DL-Lite KBs cannot be captured in DL-Lite. Moreover, we show that well-known formula-based approaches are also not appropriate for DL-Lite expansion and contraction: they either have a high complexity of computation, or they produce logical theories that cannot be expressed in DL-Lite. Thus, we propose a novel formula-based approach that respects our principles and for which evolution is expressible in DL-Lite. For this approach we also propose polynomial time deterministic algorithms to compute evolution of DL-Lite KBs when evolution affects only factual data.

СТАНДАРТИ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ ФАХІВЦІВ У КРАЇНАХ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО СОЮЗУ ТА В УКРАЇНІ: ПОРІВНЯЛЬНИЙ АНАЛІЗ

The article analyzes the normative legal support for the development of professional standards in the context of continuing education in the European countries and in Ukraine. The types of professional standards in the European Union countries that are used in the system of vocational education are distinguished. A typical model of a professional standard of specialist training is presented. The principles of developing professional standards in the system of national education are highlighted: assessment of requirements to the general and professional competencies of certain labour functions and the use of common criteria for their formation; the objectivity of determining the names, content and volume of labor functions by type of employment; taking into account the successful international experience of the countries. It is characterized the program of specialists’ professional training in Germany «Innovations in professional training», the principles of which are: optimization of vocational training for low-income citizens, which requires the reorganization of the financial support system; provision through corporate learning to optimize the transition from one qualification to another; the flexibility of vocational education; expansion of practice bases; increase of employment opportunities; expanding the possibilities of transition from one qualification to another; increasing mobility and level of education; strengthening of the dual system of education; cooperation in the field of industry, education and politics. A comparative analysis of the concepts that make up the scientific thesaurus of the study of standards of vocational training in the countries of the European Union is carried out. It is noted that in the European scientific discourse different names are used to designate the qualifications which are defined in the EU by certain peculiarities: national professional qualifications; certification professional qualifications; professional qualifications. The approaches to professional standards in the European educational space are determined.

On Expansion and Contraction of DL-Lite Knowledge Bases

Knowledge bases (KBs) are not static entities: new information constantly appears and some of the previous knowledge becomes obsolete. In order to reflect this evolution of knowledge, KBs should be expanded with the new knowledge and contracted from the obsolete one. This problem is well-studied for propositional but much less for first-order KBs. In this work we investigate knowledge expansion and contraction for KBs expressed in DL-Lite, a family of description logics (DLs) that underlie the tractable fragment OWL2 QL of the Web Ontology Language OWL2. We start with a novel knowledge evolution framework and natural postulates that evolution should respect, and compare our postulates to the well-established AGM postulates. We then review well-known model and formula-based approaches for expansion and contraction for propositional theories and show how they can be adapted to the case of DL-Lite. In particular, we show intrinsic limitations of model-based approaches: besides the fact that some of them do not respect the postulates we have established, they ignore the structural properties of KBs. This leads to undesired properties of evolution results: evolution of DL-Lite KBs cannot be captured in DL-Lite. Moreover, we show that well-known formula-based approaches are also not appropriate for DL-Lite expansion and contraction: they either have a high complexity of computation, or they produce logical theories that cannot be expressed in DL-Lite. Thus, we propose a novel formula-based approach that respects our principles and for which evolution is expressible in DL-Lite. For this approach we also propose polynomial time deterministic algorithms to compute evolution of DL-Lite KBs when evolution affects only factual data.

Digit frequencies and self-affine sets with non-empty interior

In this paper we study digit frequencies in the setting of expansions in non-integer bases, and self-affine sets with non-empty interior. Within expansions in non-integer bases we show that if $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}\in (1,1.787\ldots )$ then every $x\in (0,1/(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}-1))$ has a simply normal $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$-expansion. We also prove that if $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}\in (1,(1+\sqrt{5})/2)$ then every $x\in (0,1/(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}-1))$ has a $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$-expansion for which the digit frequency does not exist, and a $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$-expansion with limiting frequency of zeros $p$, where $p$ is any real number sufficiently close to $1/2$. For a class of planar self-affine sets we show that if the horizontal contraction lies in a certain parameter space and the vertical contractions are sufficiently close to $1$, then every non-trivial vertical fibre contains an interval. Our approach lends itself to explicit calculation and gives rise to new examples of self-affine sets with non-empty interior. One particular strength of our approach is that it allows for different rates of contraction in the vertical direction.

Development of a method for the probabilistic inference of sequences of a business process activities to support the business process management

Models of temporal rules of execution of the business process actions were proposed for the use in absence in the process model of complete information on the reasons for execution of these actions caused by interference of the work executors. The rules are formed on the basis of analysis of the sequence of events in the business process log which makes it possible to determine temporal conditions and constraints on execution of the corresponding actions. The rule models can be applied as an element of knowledge representation for the process management system since they reflect experience of the business process execution recorded in the log. The use of rules allows one to limit the number of possible versions of execution of the business process taking into account its current state. As a result, the time of making decisions on the process management is reduced for the case of contradiction between the current version of the business process and the model.A new method of probabilistic inference was proposed that uses the presented rules to form new, admissible sequences of actions in an atypical situation that arose as a result of adjustment of the business process by its executors. The method applies knowledge representations based on the Markov logic network which makes it possible to arrange new sequences of actions according to the probability of their execution using weighed temporal rules. Use of a combination of rules for pairs of sequential and spaced in time actions ensures higher accuracy of calculating the probability of execution of new business process versions. The proposed method takes into account information from the event log when rules are supplemented. This enables continuous supplementing of rules in execution of the business process. The above enables practical real­time application of the method in automated formation and expansion of knowledge bases for the process management systems.

Notes on Some of Kahane’s Works: Ingham Type Theorems and Bernoulli Convolutions

We discuss the optimality of Kahane’s multidimensional Ingham type theorem and we establish a relationship between the absolute continuity of Bernoulli convolutions and some results on expansions in non-integer bases.

On Absolutely Normal and Continued Fraction Normal Numbers

Abstract We give a construction of a real number that is normal to all integer bases and continued fraction normal. The computation of the first n digits of its continued fraction expansion performs in the order of n4 mathematical operations. The construction works by defining successive refinements of appropriate subintervals to achieve, in the limit, simple normality to all integer bases and continued fraction normality. The main difficulty is to control the length of these subintervals. To achieve this we adapt and combine known metric theorems on continued fractions and on expansions in integers bases.

Erratum to: Rational approximation to values of G-functions, and their expansions in integer bases

In this note we correct a mistake in the proof of the main result of [1], pointed out to us by Dimitri Le Meur.

Approximations of e and π: an exploration

ABSTRACTFractional approximations of e and π are discovered by searching for repetitions or partial repetitions of digit strings in their expansions in different number bases. The discovery of such fractional approximations is suggested for students and teachers as an entry point into mathematics research.

A Guerra do Iraque em perspectiva: um balanço da política externa neoconservadora e o ônus da guerra

O presente trabalho tem como objetivos: a) compreender o processo de ascensão do movimento neoconservador norte-americano e sua estratégia global de forma a compreender a Guerra do Iraque (2003-2011) a partir do contexto da Guerra ao Terror, protagonizada pela administração George W. Bush; e b) realizar um balanço do ônus da Guerra do Iraque para a economia dos Estados Unidos. Para tanto, o trabalho está dividido em três partes. A primeira debate a edificação do arquétipo do pensamento conservador na sociedade norte-americana. A segunda parte trata da Guerra do Iraque em si. A ascensão dos neoconservadores ao governo dos Estados Unidos e os atentados de 11/09 foram os eventos que significaram a possibilidade de colocar em prática o projeto de domínio do Oriente Médio e controle do petróleo no Golfo Pérsico, cumprindo vários objetivos necessários para a expansão do poder norte-americano. Entre esses objetivos encontram-se: a contenção da China e da Rússia no território asiático; o controle de recursos estratégicos como o petróleo; o posicionamento de bases militares em territórios chave; a intervenção em regimes contrários aos interesses norte-americano em todo o Oriente Médio; e o auxílio a aliados chave como Israel e Arábia Saudita no cenário geopolítico asiático. Por fim, faz-se um breve balanço das consequências do “atoleiro iraquiano” para a economia e sociedade dos EUA.