Expansion Time Research Articles

Flyrock in surface mining-Part 3: Shock wave, stress wave, blasthole expansion

The generally accepted view in rock blasting is that the sources of energy for the fracture and movement of rock reside in the shock wave and gas action resulting from the explosion, and yet the mechanisms by which these sources interact with the rock have remained unclarified. It has also been noted that up to 50% of the work capacity of an explosive released in a blast cannot be accounted for by field measurements of energy partitioning. In this study, we describe a physical model that details the response of rock to both shock wave and gas action. An analytical model based on momentum conservation is derived to describe the dynamics of shock-driven expansion of the blasthole. Radial expansion of the hole is the key parameter that permits the derivation of the following characteristics of rock response to shock loads: hole expansion time; volume of displaced rock; energy consumed per unit volume; expansion energy efficiency; stress wave pulse length; gas pressure in enlarged hole. Soon after the completion of hole expansion, the shock wave degenerates to an elastic stress wave that runs through the burden. Blasthole expansions of between 50% and 300% of diameter are completed in under 1 ms and, depending on rock properties, consume 32% to 42% of the detonation energy or about 55% of the available mechanical (Gurney) energy. Gas pressure in the enlarged holes in five rock types is between 35 MPa and 650 MPa, and drives the mass movement of burden rock.

Popcorn quality parameters and nutritional properties of oily maize (Zea mays var. ‘Everta’) hybrids subjected to different thermal treatments

This research assessed the popcorn quality parameters and nutritional properties of 5 oily maize (Zea mays var. ‘Everta’) hybrids under several thermal treatments (hot air, microwave, and wet cooking). Grains contained 2.16–4.51 % crude fat and 11.08–12.94 % protein, displayed a similar amount of individual p-coumaric and ferulic acid derivatives (p > 0.05) (free: 3.61–40.53 μg/g; bound: 1621.75–1970.94 μg/g), and total phytosterols ranging from 8.76 to 13.17 μg/g. Hot air- and wet cooking-treated grains showed the highest expansion volume (121.5–133.1 mL), and there were no differences in yield and residual percentage (p < 0.05). PCA analysis clustered samples 1 and 3 as the most influential on bound phenolics, expansion time, yield, and popped grains weight, mostly under hot air and wet cooking treatments. Spearman's correlations outlined the potential of the grains' total and bound phenolics on popping quality (weight and expansion time: 0.50–0.90). Results suggested the oily hybrids' nutritional potential and suitability to produce high-quality popcorn.

Probing the Local Rapidity Distribution of a One-Dimensional Bose Gas.

One-dimensional Bose gases with contact repulsive interactions are characterized by the presence of infinite-lifetime quasiparticles whose momenta are called the "rapidities." Here, we develop a probe of the local rapidity distribution, based on the fact that rapidities are the asymptotic momenta of the particles after a long one-dimensional expansion. This is done by performing an expansion of a selected slice of the gas. We first apply this idea to a cloud in the quasicondensate regime at equilibrium in a trap. We obtain an experimental picture of the position-dependent rapidity distribution which is in fair agreement with the theory prediction. The asymptotic regime is barely reached, but we show that finite expansion time can be taken into account using the generalized hydrodynamics theory. We then apply this local probe to an out-of-equilibrium situation where the local rapidity distribution is expected to be doubly peaked-a hallmark of a nonthermal state-even though the global rapidity distribution would possess no such distinctive feature. We observe the doubly peaked local rapidity distribution.

Next-generation BCMA-targeted chimeric antigen receptor CARTemis-1: the impact of manufacturing procedure on CAR T-cell features.

CAR therapy targeting BCMA is under investigation as treatment for multiple myeloma. However, given the lack of plateau in most studies, pursuing more effective alternatives is imperative. We present the preclinical and clinical validation of a new optimized anti-BCMA CAR (CARTemis-1). In addition, we explored how the manufacturing process could impact CAR-T cell product quality and fitness. CARTemis-1 optimizations were evaluated at the preclinical level both, in vitro and in vivo. CARTemis-1 generation was validated under GMP conditions, studying the dynamics of the immunophenotype from leukapheresis to final product. Here, we studied the impact of the manufacturing process on CAR-T cells to define optimal cell culture protocol and expansion time to increase product fitness. Two different versions of CARTemis-1 with different spacers were compared. The longer version showed increased cytotoxicity. The incorporation of the safety-gene EGFRt into the CARTemis-1 structure can be used as a monitoring marker. CARTemis-1 showed no inhibition by soluble BCMA and presents potent antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo. Expansion with IL-2 or IL-7/IL-15 was compared, revealing greater proliferation, less differentiation, and less exhaustion with IL-7/IL-15. Three consecutive batches of CARTemis-1 were produced under GMP guidelines meeting all the required specifications. CARTemis-1 cells manufactured under GMP conditions showed increased memory subpopulations, reduced exhaustion markers and selective antitumor efficacy against MM cell lines and primary myeloma cells. The optimal release time points for obtaining the best fit product were > 6 and < 10 days (days 8-10). CARTemis-1 has been rationally designed to increase antitumor efficacy, overcome sBCMA inhibition, and incorporate the expression of a safety-gene. The generation of CARTemis-1 was successfully validated under GMP standards. A phase I/II clinical trial for patients with multiple myeloma will be conducted (EuCT number 2022-503063-15-00).

Impact of different water-reducing agents on the properties of limonite self-compacting conductive concrete

The application environment for concrete is becoming increasingly complex, accompanied by an intensification of its functional requirements. This paper presents a method for developing self-compacting concrete with conductive properties using limonite and graphite as the concrete conductive phases. In the process of concrete preparation, the limonite is initially treated by a pre-wetting method to prevent the surface depression caused by the addition of limonite during the concrete curing process. The second stage of the process involved optimising different proportions of limonite and graphite and different dosages of water-reducing agent, defoamer and dispersant to prepare concrete. The influence of different dosages of limonite and graphite and different dosages of water-reducing agent on the mechanics and electrical conductivity of concrete was studied in order to obtain self-compacting conductive concrete with performance indicators meeting the requirements of self-compacting and electrical conductivity. The results demonstrate that the mechanical and electrical properties of self-compacting conductive concrete prepared with polycarboxylic acid superplasticizer and retarding superplasticizer combined with superplasticizer are satisfactory, and the composite superplasticizer can function in conjunction with dispersant. The self-compaction index, slump expansion, expansion time T50 and J-ring expansion of fluid concrete meet the requisite standards. Once the concrete has reached the designated curing age, its compressive strength and flexural strength align with the anticipated design expectations, while its resistivity meets the stipulated conductivity index requirements.

Mechanically induced M2 macrophages are involved in bone remodeling of the midpalatal suture during palatal expansion

BackgroundPalatal expansion is a common way of treating maxillary transverse deficiency. Under mechanical force, the midpalatal suture is expanded, causing local immune responses. This study aimed to determine whether macrophages participate in bone remodeling of the midpalatal suture during palatal expansion and the effects on bone remodeling.MethodsPalatal expansion model and macrophage depletion model were established. Micro-CT, histological staining, and immunohistochemical staining were used to investigate the changes in the number and phenotype of macrophages during palatal expansion as well as the effects on bone remodeling of the midpalatal suture. Additionally, the effect of mechanically induced M2 macrophages on palatal osteoblasts was also elucidated in vitro.ResultsThe number of macrophages increased significantly and polarized toward M2 phenotype with the increase of the expansion time, which was consistent with the trend of bone remodeling. After macrophage depletion, the function of osteoblasts and bone formation at the midpalatal suture were impaired during palatal expansion. In vitro, conditioned medium derived from M2 macrophages facilitated osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts and decreased the RANKL/OPG ratio.ConclusionsMacrophages through polarizing toward M2 phenotype participated in midpalatal suture bone remodeling during palatal expansion, which may provide a new idea for promoting bone remodeling from the perspective of regulating macrophage polarization.

Effect and mechanism of time-dependent and economical expansion materials in improving the active roof-contact for cemented paste backfill

During the backfilling process, there is often a problem of no roof-contact, and the time and state of roof-contact cannot be predicted, seriously affecting the backfilling safety and efficiency. Therefore, the expansion effect, mechanism, and time dependence of the expansion agents used to achieve roof-contact were studied through expansion ratio tests, strength tests, and microscopic analysis. The expansion ratio of the MgO-type expansion agent (MEA) can meet the requirement of backfilling, and the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the expansive cemented paste backfill (ECPB) was attenuated compared to that of ordinary cemented paste backfill (CPB). Through scanning electron microscope (SEM) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) of the MgO-type ECPB, it is found that the ECB produces Mg(OH)2 crystals, which improves the compensation space inside the ECPB. MIP analysis results also show that the ECPB has higher porosity and more macropores, which is the reason for the strength attenuation of the ECPB. It is found that the expansion ratio and sedimentation ratio of fresh ECPB are time-dependent, and they both conform to logarithmic function. Afterwards, through the dynamic relationship between the sedimentation and expansion of fresh ECPB, the synthetic criterion of roof-contact based on the time-dependent model of expansion ratio and sedimentation ratio was established. The theoretical shortest roof-contact time of different experimental groups was obtained. Finally, through a comparative analysis of backfilling costs, the lowest cost and reasonable backfilling scheme were obtained. It is of great value for judging the effectiveness of roof contact, optimizing the backfilling proportion scheme, ensuring backfilling safety, and saving backfilling and mining costs.

Implementation of photonic crystal based optical full adder using ring resonators

In this paper, the implementation of an all-optical full adder based on a two-dimensional photonic crystal is proposed. The proposed structure consists of hexagonal lattice of silicon rods embedded in air substrate. To design the proposed optical full adder, three nonlinear ring resonators, some linear waveguides, and some point defects are used. The switching mechanism of the ring resonators is based on nonlinear Kerr effect. The performance of the proposed structure has been analyzed and investigated by using plane wave expansion (PWE) and finite difference time domain (FDTD) methods. The minimum contrast ratio of the structure is 17.02 dB. The response time of the structure is 0.724 ps and can operate at a bit rate of 1.381 Tb/s. The proposed structure is simple, compact, and offers high contrast ratio, fast response time along with high bit rate and therefore can be a promising candidate for high speed data processing, computing, networking, and optical integrated circuits.

Population genetic structure and demographic history of short mackerel, Rastrelliger brachysoma, in the Gulf of Thailand

The short mackerel Rastrelliger brachysoma (Bleeker 1851) is an important fish in the Gulf of Thailand (GoT). The biology of this species has been intensively studied, but its genetic diversity is little known. The genetic diversity, population genetic structure, and demographic history of this species in the GoT were studied using complete mt control region sequences. The CR sequences of 455 mackerel samples collected from 23 localities at four fishing grounds revealed 333 haplotypes with haplotype diversity (h) per population, ranging between 0.8933 and 1.000, with an average of 0.9781. In turn, the nucleotide diversity (µ) ranged between 0.0119 ± 0.0060 and 0.0333 ± 0.0174, with an average of 0.0220 ± 0.00059.A haplotype network analysis showed that all sequences segregated into two subgroups named, clade I and clade II. Two clades were separated by 26 mutational steps. Each clade formed star-like clusters with many haplotypes derived from a common haplotype. Moreover, an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed no significant differences among the studied localities, suggesting the presence of a single population in the GoT. Pairwise differences between samples from different fishing regions also indicated no population structure. Both Tajima’s D and Fu’s F S statistics were highly significant for the two clades but nonsignificant for the entire population according to a mismatch distribution analysis. These results confirmed that both clades experienced demographic expansion. The estimated expansion times for clade I and clade II were 1,542.307 years (1.5423 ka BP) and 7,602.541 (7.6025 ka BP) years, respectively.

Design of a two-dimensional photonic crystal biosensor to identify blood cholesterol in humans

The cholesterol detection of human blood using a two-dimensional photonic crystal biosensor has been studied in this paper. The structure calculations are done using Plane Wave Expansion (PWE) and Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD). Photonic crystals can be used to detect biological components by utilizing a two-dimensional structure and resonator nano ring. These nano rings cause waveguide and resonator coupling. The cylinders around the sensing region have investigated the improvement structure output. The quality factor and figure of merit (FOM) for this sensor are 4988 and 57.14 RIU−1, respectively, and the low detection limit (DL) is 0.001(RIU), with a sensitivity of 32 (nm/RIU).

Clinical Outcomes of Frozen-Thawed Single Blastocyst Transfers in Relation to Blastocyst Diameter and Timing of Cryopreservation

Background: It is important to select blastocysts based on their likelihood of leading to pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to focus on expansion time and blastocyst diameter as simple factors to assess blastocysts relative to clinical outcomes. Methods: This study is based on 1,514 cycles in women [Formula: see text] years who underwent frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer (FBT) between November 2017 and February 2021. Blastocysts were classified according to the time they reached [Formula: see text]m inner diameter (116, 120, and 140[Formula: see text]h). Furthermore, blastocyst diameter at freezing was classified into three groups: groups S (under 167[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m), M (167–181[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m), and L (over 181[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m), based on tertile values. We compared the clinical outcomes (including the clinical pregnancy rate [CPR]) of FBT. Results: CPR was significantly higher in groups M and L than in group S at 116[Formula: see text]h ([Formula: see text]). At 120[Formula: see text]h, CPR in group L was significantly higher than in group S ([Formula: see text]). However, at 140[Formula: see text]h, there were no significant differences among the three groups. There were no significant differences in miscarriage rates at 116, 120, and 140[Formula: see text]h. When only good quality embryos were compared, group L resulted in a significantly higher CPR than group S at 116[Formula: see text]h ([Formula: see text]). At 120[Formula: see text]h, both groups M and L had significantly higher CPR than group S ([Formula: see text]). There were no significant differences at 140[Formula: see text]h. Conclusion: These results suggest that when multiple embryos are frozen at the same time on day 5 of culture, a higher pregnancy rate can be obtained by selecting embryos with larger blastocyst diameters. In addition, it is important to confirm sufficient blastocyst expansion before cryopreservation.

Parallel expansion of a fuel pellet plasmoid

The problem of the assimilation of a cryogenic fuel pellet injected into a hot plasma is considered. Due to the transparency to ambient particles of the plasmoid, the localised region of high-density plasma created by ionisation of the ablated pellet material, electrons reach a ‘quasiequilibrium’ (QE) state which is characterised by a steady-state on the fastest collisional time scale. The simplified electron kinetic equation of the QE state is solved. Taking a velocity moment of the higher-order electron kinetic equation, which is valid on the expansion time scale, permits a fluid closure, yielding an evolution equation for the macroscopic parameters describing the QE distribution function. In contrast to the Braginskii equations, the closure does not require that electrons have a short mean free path compared with the size of density perturbations, and permits an anisotropic and highly non-Maxwellian distribution function. As the QE distribution function accounts for both trapped and passing electrons, the self-consistent electric potential that causes the expansion can be properly described, in contrast to earlier models of pellet plasmoid expansion with an unbounded potential. The plasmoid expansion is simulated using both a Vlasov model and a cold-fluid model for the ions. During the expansion plasmoid ions and electrons obtain nearly equal amounts of energy; as hot ambient electrons provide this energy in the form of collisional heating of plasmoid electrons, the expansion of a pellet plasmoid is expected to be a potent mechanism for the transfer of energy from electrons to ions on a time scale shorter than that of ion–electron thermalisation.

Region-Specific Genetic Diversity of Black Rats (Rattus rattus Complex) in Southeast and East Asia Shaped by Rapid Population Expansion Events.

Among the six mitochondrial DNA lineages of the black rat (Rattus rattus Complex; RrC), lineages II and IV are widespread in Southeast and East Asia. This study explored their demographic history using 17 new sequences from the Miyako Islands in the Ryukyu archipelago, together with 178 publicly available cytochrome b sequences. We defined six and two haplotype groups showing rapid population expansion signals in Lineages II and IV, respectively. The six haplotype groups of Lineage II were represented by haplotypes from 1) Myanmar/Bangladesh/Northeast India, 2) Laos, 3) Thailand, 4) Indonesia/Philippines, 5) Vietnam/southern China, and 6) the Ryukyu archipelago. These expansion times were estimated using time-dependent evolutionary rates to be 115,300 years ago (ya), 128,500 ya, 9600 ya, 10,600 ya, 7200 ya, and 1400 ya, respectively, although all had large confidence intervals. The two groups of Lineage IV were recovered from the mainland and islands of Southeast Asia with predicted expansion times of 197,000 ya and 5800 ya, respectively. These results suggest that climatic fluctuations during the last 200,000 years of the Quaternary, affected the population dynamics in subtropical areas at different times. Furthermore, the results of the younger rapid expansion events of RrC suggest the possibility of agricultural advancement and dispersal of Neolithic farmers to different areas within the mainland and islands of Southeast Asia during the Holocene. A subset of rats from the Miyako Islands were found to have the same lineage IV haplotypes as those in Southeast Asia, suggesting a recent introduction of these new lineages.

Abstract 4008: DASH CAR-T: accelerating CD276-targeted immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer

Abstract B7 homolog 3 protein (B7-H3), recognized as CD276, is a pivotal immune checkpoint molecule extensively expressed in cancer cells, presenting a limited presence in normal tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis of 150 pancreatic cancer patients revealed positive CD276 staining in 66% of cases, with elevated expression correlating to diminished disease-free survival. Additional findings from an independent study on 59 patients highlighted significantly elevated CD276 levels, particularly in lymph node metastasis and advanced pathology. This study introduces an innovative Chimeric Antigen Receptor T (CAR-T) therapy targeting CD276, leveraging our DASH CAR-T manufacturing platform. Significantly, our approach reduces the ex vivo cell expansion time from 10 days to 1-2 days. T cells were enriched, activated, and transduced with a CD276 CAR-encoding retroviral vector, achieving the final product in 2-3 days. In preclinical models, our shorten-time CAR-T against CD276 exhibited superior expansion and heightened tumor-killing efficacy. Remarkably, DASH CAR-T demonstrated superior tumor control compared to conventional CAR-T, requiring only one-tenth of the dosage. This research advances our understanding of CD276 in pancreatic cancer and presents a transformative approach in CAR-T therapy manufacturing. The shortened production timeline and enhanced therapeutic outcomes underscore the potential clinical impact of our novel CAR-T strategy, offering a more efficient and potent treatment option for pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Haiying Wang, Tian Deng, Hao Li, Yue Yao, Yuan Tian, Hongwei Wang, Pengfei Jiang. DASH CAR-T: accelerating CD276-targeted immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 4008.

Decoding the spread of non-indigenous fishes in the Mediterranean Sea

The ocean is dynamically changing due to the influence of climate processes and human activities. The construction of the Suez Canal in the late nineteenth century opened the Pandora’s box by facilitating the dispersal of Red Sea species in the Mediterranean Sea. In this study, we developed an open-source spatio-temporal numerical analysis framework to decodify the complex spread of Mediterranean non-indigenous fish species (NIS) that entered through the Suez Canal. We utilized 772 historical detection records of 130 NIS to disentangle their dynamic spread through space and time. The results indicated that species follow a north-westward trajectory with an average expansion time step of 2.5 years. Additionally, we estimated the overall time for a NIS to reach the Central Mediterranean Sea from the Suez Canal at approximately 22 years. Based on the analysis, more than half of the introduced fishes have been established in less than 10 years. Finally, we proceeded in the cross-validation of our results using actual spread patterns of invasive fishes of the Mediterranean Sea, resulting up to 90% of temporal and spatial agreement. The methodology and the findings presented herein may contribute to management initiatives in highly invaded regions around the globe.

Reliability Assessment of Power Plant Operations through Boolean Function Expansion and Mean Time to Failure Analysis

This paper presents an investigation into the reliability assessment of power plant operations using Boolean Function expansion and Mean Time to Failure (MTTF) analysis. The study focuses on a complex system comprising two power generators within a power house. The primary objective of this system i. This paper presents an investigation into the reliability assessment of power plant operations using Boolean Function expansion and Mean Time to Failure (MTTF) analysis. The study focuses on a complex system comprising two power generators within a power house. The primary objective of this system is to ensure uninterrupted power supply from the power house to critical consumers via an output main switch. Reliability calculations are conducted considering failure times of various components, including cables, generators, and main switchboards, assuming arbitrary distribution patterns. Additionally, MTTF for the system under an exponential failure time distribution is determined. Graphical representations are employed to illustrate the utility and efficacy of the proposed models to ensure uninterrupted power supply from the power house to critical consumers via an output main switch. Reliability calculations are conducted considering failure times of various components, including cables, generators, and main switchboards, assuming arbitrary distribution patterns. Additionally, MTTF for the system under an exponential failure time distribution is determined. Graphical representations are employed to illustrate the utility and efficacy of the proposed model.

Electronic resonances in expanding non-neutral ultracold plasma

Calculations of the spectrum of eigen oscillations of an inhomogeneous ultracold plasma are presented both in the absence and in the presence of charge imbalance. The collective modes of these plasma oscillations are recorded in experiments as absorption resonances of a radio frequency electric field. It is shown that in the presence of friction of the electronic component, a discrete spectrum of plasma eigen oscillations is formed. The dependence of the frequency of these resonances on the plasma expansion time in the presence of a charge imbalance is obtained. There is good agreement with the experiments of different authors.

Molecular evolution and phylogeographic analysis of wheat dwarf virus.

Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) has caused considerable economic loss in the global production of grain crops. Knowledge of the evolutionary biology and population history of the pathogen remain poorly understood. We performed molecular evolution and worldwide phylodynamic analyses of the virus based on the genes in the protein-coding region of the entire viral genome. Our results showed that host-driven and geography-driven adaptation are major factors that affects the evolution of WDV. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis estimates that the average WDV substitution rate was 4.240 × 10-4 substitutions/site/year (95% credibility interval, 2.828 × 10-4-5.723 × 10-4), and the evolutionary rates of genes encoding proteins with virion-sense transcripts and genes encoding proteins with complementary-sense transcripts were different. The positively selected sites were detected in only two genes encoding proteins with complementary-sense, and WDV-barley are subject to stronger purifying selection than WDV-wheat. The time since the most recent common WDV ancestor was 1746 (95% credibility interval, 1517-1893) CE. Further analyses identified that the WDV-barley population and WDV-wheat population experienced dramatic expansion-decline episodes, and the expansion time of the WDV-barley population was earlier than that of the WDV-wheat population. Our phylogeographic analysis showed that the WDV population originating in Iran was subsequently introduced to Europe, and then spread from Eastern Europe to China.

Feasibility of Using New Sustainable Mineral Additions for the Manufacture of Eco-Cements.

Due to a continuously developing population, our consumption of one of the most widely used building materials, concrete, has increased. The production of concrete involves the use of cement whose production is one of the main sources of CO2 emissions; therefore, a challenge for today's society is to move towards a circular economy and develop building materials with a reduced environmental footprint. This study evaluates the possibility of using new sustainable supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) from waste such as recycled concrete aggregates (RCAs) and mixed recycled aggregates (MRAs) from construction and demolition waste, as well as bottom ash from olive biomass (BBA-OL) and eucalyptus biomass ash (BBA-EU) derived from the production of electricity. A micronisation pre-treatment was carried out by mechanical methods to achieve a suitable fineness and increase the SCMs' specific surface area. Subsequently, an advanced characterisation of the new SCMs was carried out, and the acquired properties of the new cements manufactured with 25% cement substitution in the new SCMs were analysed in terms of pozzolanicity, mechanical behaviour, expansion and setting time tests. The results obtained demonstrate the feasibility of using these materials, which present a composition with potentially reactive hydraulic or pozzolanic elements, as well as the physical properties (fineness and grain size) that are ideal for SCMs. This implies the development of new eco-cements with suitable properties for possible use in the construction industry while reducing CO2 emissions and the industry's carbon footprint.

Prevention of Blowout Tests in Large-Diameter Boreholes with Soundless Chemical Demolition Agents and Fracturing Characteristics of Hard Sandstones

Increasing the diameter of the drillhole can facilitate drillhole breakage using soundless chemical demolition agents, but it is prone to cause drillhole blowout, resulting in crushing failure. This paper conducted a blowhole prevention test on a large borehole using the internal insertion cooling pipe method (ICBPM) to test the expansion pressure of cooling pipes with different diameters. During this test, a fracture occurred in a hole with a 75 mm inner diameter in the rectangular sandstone specimens with high strength. It was found that utilizing the ICBPM can effectively hinder the development of blowholes. Expansion and blowhole prevention are optimized with a 0.14 mass ratio of the cooling water to demolition agent and a maximum expansion stress of 49.0 MPa. The guiding effect of the minimum resistance line is significant. In repeated tests, all fissures are distributed in a Y-shape on the free surface where the minimum resistance line is located. The acoustic emission signals from statically fractured hard rock increase abruptly before damage, and the development of rock expansion and fracturing can be obtained through strain monitoring. These results suggest that the ICBPM can reduce the expansion time with a strong crushing effect, satisfying the need to process more crushing projects.