Expansion Policy Research Articles

Can the low-carbon city pilot policy promote firms' low-carbon innovation: Evidence from China.

The low-carbon city pilot policy is an environmental regulation aimed at reducing carbon emissions at the municipal level. Previous research mostly focused on evaluating its environmental performance and discovered it could enhance pilot cities' low-carbon innovation. However, the effects of the low-carbon city pilot policy on firm-level low-carbon innovation and their economic impact have yet to be investigated. This research uses a sample of Chinese A-share listed firms and the difference-in-difference method to examine the effect of the low-carbon city pilot policy on firms' low-carbon innovation. The baseline regression showed that the low-carbon city pilot policy could greatly encourage low-carbon innovation among firms in pilot cities. The mechanism analysis demonstrated that this improvement effect is attained by easing these firms' financing constraints. According to the heterogeneity analysis, we discovered that state-owned firms and firms situated in pilot zones with municipal secretaries who have larger promotion incentives are more susceptible to this policy. Additionally, the research on this policy's economic impact revealed that, following its adoption, the market value and comparative advantages of the firms in the pilot areas also increased. The findings of this study have implications for the enhancement and national expansion of low-carbon policies adopted at the city level.

Analysing agricultural policy outcomes in the uplands of Indonesia: A multi‐dimensional sustainability assessment

AbstractA wide range of holistic frameworks are used to assess the sustainability of agricultural policies and programs, but much of the existing research tends to overlook the socio‐cultural and governance dimensions of sustainability. This article aims to address those gaps by comprehensively assessing the environmental, economic, social, and political dimensions of sustainability. We use a case study of irrigation policies for agricultural expansion that target the Pagar Alam upland region in Indonesia. The assessment reveals opportunities and threats from the policy that affect the sustainability of upland landscapes and communities. By overly focusing on productivity goals while ignoring other sustainability criteria, the policy generates risks that threaten existing sustainable development pathways. To achieve positive policy outcomes, Indonesia needs to reconcile its national food production goal with local development goals. Lastly, to optimise policy outcomes, agri‐sustainability research should apply comprehensive approaches that simultaneously address multiple sustainability dimensions.

RUSSIAN EXPANSION AND THE UKRAINIAN STATEHOOD: HISTORICAL REALITIES OF THE 17th – 21th CENTURIES

In the article the process of expansion by russia is analyzed, which, through the prism of the absolutist paradigm, for 400 years directed its efforts not only to the annexation of the territory of Ukraine, but also to the destruction of Ukrainian statehood and the Ukrainian nation. The purpose of article – analysis of political, economic, spiritual and cultural factors that illustrate the process of the implementation of russian expansion aimed at the destruction of Ukrainian statehood and the Ukrainian nation during the 17th – 21st centuries Scientific novelty – the implementation of Russia’s expansionist policy on the territory of Ukraine, starting from 1654 and up to the present time, is comprehensively investigated. The periodization of russian expansion during the 17th – 21th centuries is suggested. Conclusions. Taking into account the specifics of the chosen topic, we have highlighted five chronological periods during which russia pursued an expansionist policy with the aim of destroying Ukrainian statehood. The first period (17th –18th centuries) covers the stage of the initial phase of russian expansion, starting with the Pereyaslav Council, when all the top leadership of the Ukrainian Cossack state, led by Bohdan Khmelnytsky, swore allegiance to the moscow tsar, and to the aggressive policy of Peter I and his successors, as a result of which at the end of the 18th century 80% of Ukrainian lands were part of the russian empire. The second period (the 19th – the early 20th century) – was a time when the russian authorities directed their efforts to maintain the previously captured territories of Ukraine and tried to implement the «Novorossiia» project in the south of the country without much success. The third period (1922 – 1991) covers the history of Ukraine as part of the Soviet Union, the main characteristics of which were the complete occupation of the territory of Ukraine and the policy of persuasion of the population using such methods as repression, famine, deportation, total russification, destruction of national self-identification, etc. The fourth period (1991 – 2013) – the historical period that began with the declaration of Ukraine’s independence and was marked by difficult russian-Ukrainian relations, as a result of which the russian federation, seeking revenge, tried to politically, economically, and culturally weaken our country, at the same time compromising it in the eyes of its Western partners. The fifth period (2014 – nowadays) – the period of the russian-Ukrainian war, during which the aggressor is trying to conquer the territory of Ukraine, deprive it of its independence, and the Ukrainian people – to win back the lost territories and become a full-fledged player in the global world system. Thus, having studied the russian expansion during the 17th – 21st centuries, we can draw conclusions that during all the five periods we have highlighted or the last 400 years of the history of Ukraine, the policy of the north-eastern neighbor was aimed at the annexation of Ukrainian territories and the destruction of statehood. To achieve the goal set for himself, the aggressor used the entire set of military, political, cultural, and spiritual factors.

«Black level»: About self-reflection in the socio-political discourse of russia (analysis of one publication)

The collective monograph «Russia as a state- civilization: higher goals and development alternatives» compiled based on the materials of the Jubilee International Panarinsky Readings (2016) is analyzed. In particular, the establishment of the concepts of the Russian «state-civilization», «Russian world», «Russian culture», «Russian Orthodoxy», their characteristic features and features, as well as the outline of the prospects for development and missions of Russia.A conclusion is made about the coherence of the corresponding constructions with the postulates of racism as an ideology and practice of national exclusivity and cultural superiority of Russians and Russia’s expansionist policy.

The Impact of Ascribed Factors on Educational Attainment after Higher Education Expansion in China: Evidence from CGSS 2021

Since the implementation of China’s higher education enrollment expansion policy in 1999, the rapid growth of individuals receiving higher education has achieved a level of popularization. This study utilized data from CGSS2021 to empirically examine the correlation between ascribed factors and educational attainment among two groups, namely the school-age population affected by the enrollment expansion policy and those impacted by the resumption of the college entrance examination. The findings indicated that the impact of gender on educational attainment has been alleviated, while ethnicity has emerged as a considerable influencing factor in light of the expansion policy. Although household registration remains a significant factor affecting educational attainment, its negative correlation has diminished when compared to the previous status. Family cultural and socio-economic backgrounds increasingly contributed to individuals’ educational acquisition following the implementation of the enrollment expansion policy.

A complex puzzle realized: US achieves one-millionth organ transplant: Decades of visionary scientists, skilled surgeons, and courageous patients have made this miraculous milestone a reality

A complex puzzle realized: US achieves one-millionth organ transplant: Decades of visionary scientists, skilled surgeons, and courageous patients have made this miraculous milestone a reality

MEDIA COMMUNICATIONS AS A TOOL OF PROPAGANDA STRUGGLE «FOR HEARTS AND MINDS» IN CEE REGION

The article analyses the role of media communications as a propaganda tool for influence the population of the Central and Eastern Europe region in the two most recent periods of the existence of the system of international relations, namely bipolar and post-bipolar. On the basis of international broadcasting practices at the time, it is shown that the propaganda influence on both the Soviet Union and the CEE countries during the Cold War occupied an important place in the foreign policy of the United States of America and its allies. The leading instruments of such media influence on the USSR and the socialist bloc were the American radio services Voice of America, Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberation (Radio Liberty). The post-bipolar period in the use of propaganda media communications is characterized and two trends are singled out. On the one hand, there was the collapse of a large number of American, British, German, etc. broadcasting services due to the disappearance of their raison d’être. On the other hand, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, there was activity that can be seen as an attempt to restore (preserve) a uniform media space on the territory of the former USSR. In particular, in the field of media communications, the concept of an “uniform information space of the CIS” was actively promoted, which was aimed to preserve the dominance of Russia and the Russian language in the media sphere of the post-Soviet countries. The author made an attempt to outline the prospects of preserving Central and Eastern Europe in the focus of attention of international broadcasting practices of leading actors of international relations. In particular, the opinion is substantiated that the possibility of Russia maintaining its media influence within the borders of the CIS is unlikely, given both the obvious drift of several Caucasian and Asian post-Soviet countries to culturally closer neighbouring countries, as well as the expansionist (including military aggression) policy of Russia in the last two decades, which apparently pushed the countries of the region to reconsider the role of Russian media products as a component of Russian Federation’s soft power and to increase attention to the protection of national information spaces. As for the prospects of keeping Central and Eastern Europe in the focus of attention of other actors of international relations, it mainly depends on current foreign policy goals, which may actualize the need to use media communications as a component of soft power.

Rusija, sukob u Ukrajini i novi prostorni i geopolitički poredak

The conflict in Ukraine is the subject of contradictory narratives in the communication war, but also reflects the rival historical and geopolitical representations between the different actors of this conflict. According to the geopolitical angle, the main issue of the crisis in Ukraine is the rivalry between the great powers for world power and the distribution of geopolitical spaces. The geopolitical angle thus makes it possible to take into account the numerous stakes linked to this crisis on different scales, which go well beyond the purely geostrategic and military aspects. The main hypothesis of this article is to determine to what extent Russia, with its special military operation in Ukraine, is pushing for the emergence of a new geopolitical configuration on a European and global scale. Indeed, Moscow is provoking a redefinition of alliances at the regional and global levels. At the Eurasian level, NATO will probably no longer be able to pursue a policy of expansion in the Russian near abroad (countries of the former USSR), the enlargement of NATO to Ukraine being a casus belli, as the Russian intervention has shown. On a global scale, Russia's membership in the UN Security Council now prevents any unilateral interpretation of international law by the collective West. Moreover, economic sanctions by EU and NATO member states are not being followed by other states in Eurasia, South America and Africa, challenging the unipolar project of the West under the leadership of the United States. The European Union is increasingly aligned with the geopolitical priorities of NATO and the United States, with little room for manoeuvre. Russia's special operation in Ukraine is definitely moving the world towards a multicentric and multipolar geopolitical configuration, with no possibility of returning to the pre-conflict situation. In this analysis, geopolitical cartography will be used to illustrate the problematics but also to emphasize the spatial angle as an analytical tool.

Ukrainian-British diplomatic efforts amidst the ruscist aggression

Abstract. The article explores the strengthening of Ukrainian-British diplomatic relations over the course of the ruscist aggression against Ukraine. The author argues that diplomacy has become an efficient asset that can play a crucial role in assuring Ukraine’s victory in the struggle against the aggressor. The study focuses on the consistent and effective support for Ukraine extended by the United Kingdom and the latter’s unyielding opposition to russia’s aggressive expansionist policy. The article highlights the rapid development of Ukrainian-British relations, referring to the signing of agreements on political cooperation, free trade, and strategic partnership between the two countries in October 2020. The United Kingdom seeks to form alliances with like-minded countries to support Ukraine. Specifically, the author mentions the initiative to establish a trilateral alliance between Ukraine, the UK, and Poland to enhance security and foster economic cooperation. Additionally, he emphasises the importance of intensive diplomatic contacts and visits by Boris Johnson to Kyiv, which bolstered the coordination in providing support and assistance to Ukraine. Moreover, the paper references the notable Ukraine Recovery Conference in London, highlighting the pivotal role of the international community in supporting and rebuilding Ukraine. Overall, the article underscores that the United Kingdom remains one of Ukraine’s closest friends that promotes the expansion and enhancement of support from other Western partners. While the author acknowledges the presence of diverse political stances on the issue within British society, he concludes that Ukraine will undoubtedly continue to play a prominent role in the United Kingdom’s foreign policy, cementing the latter’s role in the fight for European and transatlantic security. Keywords: Ukraine, Great Britain, diplomacy, Ukrainian-British diplomatic relations, ruscist aggression.

Polemics on the incompatibility of Christianity with patriotism in Japan at the end of the 19th century

The article aims at analyzing the course of the anti-Christian polemics at the end of the 19th century, and its influence upon the Christian community in Japan. The end of the 19th century turned to be quite difficult for Japanese Christians. Promulgation of the conservative Meiji Constitution in 1889 and the Imperial Edict on Education in 1890 marked the end of the liberal reforms and the shift to nationalistic and militarist policy in Japan. This period was characterized by anti-Christian bashing, when Christians were accused of the lack of patriotism and loyalty to the Emperor and the government, espionage, and attempts to overturn Japanese traditional ways. These accusations put Japanese Christians in a predicament and made them prove their innocence, their point of view and tenets of their religion in the eyes of the authorities, which eventually lead to a furious argument between the two sides — Christian and nonChristian communities, the latter being presented mainly by Buddhist intelligentsia, of which Inoue Enryo and Inoue Tetsujiro were the most famous. This conflict resulted in extremely painful consequences for Japanese Christians, who had to conform and support expansionist policy of the authorities thereof.

THE RENEWAL POLICY OF THE ADULTERY CONCEPT IN ARTICLE 411 OF THE LAW NUMBER 1 OF 2023 ON THE INDONESIAN CRIMINAL CODE

At present, Indonesia needs to update the Indonesian Criminal Code to replace the Dutch Colonial Criminal Code that still exists. The jurists, especially criminal law experts, have been involved in a lengthy debate on overhauling, reformulating, revising, and even reforming the Criminal Code to align with Indonesian values. This study aims to determine the foundation of the policy to expand the concept of adultery and the values protected by the expansion contained in Article 411 of Law Number 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code. This study was a descriptive study that used a normative juridical approach. The data collection techniques employed secondary data with a study of documents. The data were analyzed with qualitative methods. The result shows that the foundation of the expansion policy is the perspective of criminal policy. The formulation of the adultery offense in Article 284 of the Criminal Code is a problematic policy because it is not in accordance with the values of the Indonesian people. The formulation of the article only convicts the offenders who are committed in marriage. The provision does not require punishment to unmarried convicts. The arrangements for adultery offenses that are still in effect today are not based on a view of life. They do not reflect the social structure of the Indonesian people with the characteristics of kinship, groups, and beliefs. On the other hand, Article 411 of Law Number 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code expands the concept of adultery to protect the religious and moral values closely related to Pancasila.

Cost-Effectiveness of Age-Expanding Strategy of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Treatment in Household Contacts in South Korea.

The strategy of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) treatment in household tuberculosis (TB) contacts has been expanding in South Korea. However, there is little evidence of the cost-effectiveness of LTBI treatment in patients over 35 years of age. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of LTBI treatment among household TB contacts in different age groups in South Korea. An age-structured model of TB was developed based on the reports from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency and the National Health Insurance Service. Quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) and the averted number of TB-related deaths were estimated along with discounted costs for a measure of incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. The number of cumulative active TB cases would decrease by 1564 and 7450 under the scenario of LTBI treatment for those aged <35 years and <70 years, respectively, relative to the no-treatment scenario. The treatment strategies for patients aged 0 to <35 years, <55 years, <65 years, and <70 years would add 397, 1482, 3782, and 8491 QALYs at a cost of $660, $5930, $4560, and $2530, respectively, per QALY. For the averted TB-related deaths, LTBI treatment targeting those aged 0 to <35 years, <55 years, <65 years, and <70 years would avert 7, 89, 155, and 186 deaths at a cost of $35900, $99200, $111100, and $115700 per deaths, respectively, in 20 years. The age-specific expansion policy of LTBI treatment not only for those under 35 years of age but also for those under 65 years of age among household contacts was cost-effective in terms of QALYs and averted TB deaths.

A Research on the Adverse Income Effect (inequality) for Low-income Households caused by District Heating Expansion Policy - Why does the poor pay more for heating?

A Research on the Adverse Income Effect (inequality) for Low-income Households caused by District Heating Expansion Policy - Why does the poor pay more for heating?

Effects of money policy on bank credit: Experimental evidence in Vietnam

This study examined the effect of monetary policy on bank credit in Vietnam. Time series data are obtained at quarterly frequency for the period 2000-2021. The factors of interest rate, exchange rate, expanded money supply growth, and economic growth are used as a proxy for monetary policy affecting bank credit in the VECM regression model. The study concludes that monetary policy variables have a significant influence on bank credit in Vietnam and this influence shows no sign of fading away. The pass-through of monetary policy factors affecting the credit supply expansion policy of banks to the economy is recognized in both the short and long term. Interest rates on bank loans have an impact of over 4% on bank credit. The expansion rate of money supply growth has a positive and significant impact on bank credit to the extent of more than 20%. Exchange rates have an impact of more than 9% on bank credit. Economic growth affects more than 8% of bank credit. Monetary policy of the Central Bank affects the supply of credit to the economy of banks. The Central Bank of Vietnam is recommended that the variables of monetary policy be managed properly and that the goals be set towards increasing bank credit for the economy.

Higher Education Expansion and Population Mobility

China has implemented a higher education expansion policy since 1999, increasing the number of higher education institutions and increasing the number of expansions. This paper uses panel data and intensity double difference method for 31 provinces in China from 1996 to 2020 for the analysis. It is found that the higher education expansion policy has increased the level of population mobility, especially for the southeastern coastal and economically developed regions. Further mechanism tests show that after the implementation of higher education expansion policy, regions increase investment in education and enrich education resources, but also widen the economic gap between regions, triggering factor endowment and neoclassical growth mechanisms, which affect population mobility. This paper suggests increasing funding for higher education in regions with weaker economic development, slowing down the expansion of higher education in economically developed regions, and strengthening inter-university cooperation.

Effects Of The 2021 Expanded Child Tax Credit On Adults' Mental Health: A Quasi-Experimental Study.

The US Congress temporarily expanded the Child Tax Credit (CTC) during the COVID-19 pandemic to provide economic assistance for families with children. Although formerly the CTC provided $2,000 per child for mostly middle-income parents, during July-December 2021 it provided up to $3,600 per child. Eligibility criteria were also expanded to reach more economically disadvantaged families. There has been little research evaluating the effect of the policy expansion on mental health. Using data from the Census Bureau's Household Pulse Survey and a quasi-experimental study design, we examined the effects of the expanded CTC on mental health and related outcomes among low-income adults with children, and by racial and ethnic subgroup. We found fewer depressive and anxiety symptoms among low-income adults. Adults of Black, Hispanic, and other racial and ethnic backgrounds demonstrated greater reductions in anxiety symptoms compared to non-Hispanic White adults with children. There were no changes in mental health care use. These findings are important for Congress and state legislators to weigh as they consider making the expanded CTC and other similar tax credits permanent to support economically disadvantaged families.

Terkedilmiş Endüstriyel Alanların Kültürel Peyzaja Kazandırılması

18. yy başlarında buhar gücünün bulunması ve özellikle de buharlı trenlerin kullanıma geçmesi ile yani teknolojik yenilikler nedeniyle bir devrim yaşanmıştır. Özellikle kentlerin üretim merkezleri olan endüstriyel alanlarda hacim, konum, kapasite, iş gücü, ulaşım ve alt yapı gibi konularda değişimler olmuş, kentlerde büyük ölçekli yapılı alanlar gelişmiştir. Teknolojideki hızlı değişim, kentlerdeki yoğunluk ve genişleme nedenleri ile geçmişin kent çeperlerindeki endüstri alanları kent merkezlerinde kalmış, öz işlerini gerçekleştiremedikleri noktada da atıl bir görünüm sergilemeye devam etmektedir. Öte yandan geçmişten günümüze süregelen bu yapılar kent mekanının ve kent hafızasının da bir parçasını oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle endüstriyel miras alanlarının kültürel peyzaj kapsamında değerlendirilmesi durumu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında endüstriyel miras ve kültürel peyzaj kavramları açıklanmış ve bu kavramların birbirleri ile olan ilişkileri literatür taraması ve tartışma yöntemi ile ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. endüstri mirasının kültürel peyzaja kazandırılmasındaki esasların belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yapılan literatür çalışmasında terkedilmiş endüstriyel alanların dönüştürülmesinde izlenecek stratejilerin farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. İlgili çalışmaların incelenmesi sonucunda, seçilen fenomenolojik yaklaşım, çok kriterli karar verme yöntemi ve doku nakli yöntemleri incelenmiş, birbirleri ile ortak noktaları veya farklılıkları belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Endüstri miras alanı dönüşüm stratejilerinin belirlenmesinde dikkate alınması gereken önemli parametrelerden biri mekânsal planlama ve tasarım kararlarının kentin fiziksel gelişme ve yayılma politikalarıyla entegre olacak şekilde alınması olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu parametreler ışığında endüstri mirasının Dünya ve Türkiye örnekleri incelenerek değerlendirmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir.

2050 탄소중립 시나리오에 따른 전환부문의 온실가스 배출량 및 배출원단위 경로 연구

In this study, we define three 2050 carbon-neutral scenarios and analyze their generation mixes, greenhouse gas emissions, and emission intensity pathways. Scenarios A and B represent the 2050 carbon-neutral scenarios and the updated 2030 NDC announced in 2021. Scenario C reflects the current nuclear power plant expansion policy. Scenarios announced by the government only contain snapshots of 2050 and 2030; in this study, we derive yearly pathways. As a result, the proportions of nuclear power and renewable energy in 2050 in scenario C, to which the expansion of nuclear power is applied, are expected to be 12.7% and 55.8%, respectively. In addition, in terms of cumulative emissions, scenario A, which excludes CCS, had the highest emissions. If the storage space and economic feasibility of CCS can be secured, CCS could play a role in carbon neutrality. Greenhouse gas emission intensities decrease almost linearly until they near zero by 2050, although there are slight differences among scenarios. Safe electrification of the final energy demand sector could be achieved in 2032, when the emission intensity per electricity consumption is predicted to be 0.2 tCO₂eq./MWh.

FEATURES OF INTERNATIONAL TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGIES IN THE MODERN REALITIES OF MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT

The article is devoted to the definition and analysis of the features of international technology transfer. The aggravation of the economic situation in Ukraine, first as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic, and later as a result of a full-scale invasion, significantly affected all socio-economic processes both within our country and on a global scale. The result of such modern challenges was a slowdown in global economic growth. In order to activate the innovative environment in Ukraine, it is necessary to solve the issue of ensuring the exit of domestic progressive technologies, including those produced by small and medium-sized enterprises, to world markets. Therefore, international transfer is the priority direction of Ukrainian innovation policy. Since the goal of technology transfer is precisely the economic growth and improvement of the population’s well-being, its development acquires urgent significance in terms of solving the problems outlined above. The article examines the essence and features of international technology transfer. The positive features of technology transfer are identified. The stages of technology transfer are characterized. In the conditions of recovery and development of the Ukrainian economy, the construction of an effective technology transfer mechanism will be based on the construction of an effective mechanism of interaction between the state and business structures, the development of technology transfer centers, and the expansion of state policy in the field of technology transfer. It has been determined that increasing the efficiency of the technology transfer mechanism will contribute to increasing the level of development of information and communication technologies through the creation of specialized scientific and technological platforms. Forms of technology transfer are outlined. Sources of technology transfer commercialization are considered. The main methods of commercialization of technology transfer are defined.

Lithium Metal: The Key to Green Transportation

Lithium is a chemical element on the cutting edge due to its lithium-ion batteries used in both electronics and electric vehicles. The emerging use of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles comes as a promising solution to sustain green transportation. The implications of green transportation could be understood by exploring lithium production and its application concepts. This article expands on those concepts by discussing the lithium supply and how vital lithium is to green technology. Statistical analysis has been applied to determine: (1) The degree of balance and interdependence between lithium raw materials and electric vehicle production, (2) the influence of electric vehicle demand on lithium production, and (3) the contribution of electric vehicles to reducing carbon emissions from road transport. This study provides necessary information on the availability and demand for lithium, which could be the basis for drawing up policies for electric vehicle expansion and lithium supply efficiency.