Expansion Of Thorax Research Articles

Immediate effect of thoracic manual therapy on respiratory parameters, chest expansion and rom of thorax and cervical spine in mild to moderate COPD-A randomized clinical trial

Background: COPD is one of the non-communicable diseases related to lung parenchyma and airways which are one of the leading causes of death and disability in India. COPD is not only considered as lung disease but also it has systematic effects that lead to co-morbidities contributing to poor performance in functional level and decreased quality of life. COPD has considerable effects in musculoskeletal system. It ranges from muscle dysfunction of respiratory system to skeletal muscle system to reduced bone density. It is also associated with decreased range of motion in cervical and thoracic region. Physiotherapy plays vital role in preventing and managing the complications in COPD patients. It has been long since exercises that consists of breathing techniques, thoracic expansion exercise and techniques to clear the secretion has been used for management of COPD. One of the emerging techniques for management of musculoskeletal dysfunctions is manual therapy. Hence current study is intended to compare the acute effects of breathing exercises and thoracic expansion exercises with high velocity low amplitude thrust.

Effects of mat Pilates training and habitual physical activity on thoracoabdominal expansion during quiet and vital capacity breathing in healthy women.

Pilates is a body/mind method that requires different types of exercise (balance, endurance, strength, and flexibility) and attention to muscle control, posture, and breathing. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of mat Pilates training and habitual physical activity on thoracoabdominal motion of healthy and physically active women. Thirty-five women without experience in Pilates exercise, aged between 18 and 35 years, participated in the study (habitual physical activity group: N.=14; and mat Pilates group: N.=21). Three-dimensional kinematic analysis was used to evaluate total and separate thoracoabdominal compartments' expansion (superior and inferior thorax and abdomen), contribution of each compartment to total thoracoabdominal expansion, and coordination between thoracoabdominal compartments. After 12 weeks of mat Pilates training, thoracoabdominal expansion during quiet breathing was improved by increasing the expansion of abdomen by about 33% (P=0.01). Moreover, expansion of superior (P=0.04) and inferior thorax (P=0.02) and abdomen (P=0.01) was also improved in Pilates (35%, 33%, and 37%, respectively) compared to the habitual physical activity group, after the experimental protocol. Finally, the habitual physical activity group presented a decrease of 13% in the expansion of abdomen (P=0.002). The results suggest the capability of Mat Pilates in improving the action of respiratory and abdominal muscles during breathing and, thus, its benefits to breathing mechanics.

The costal remains of the El Sidrón Neanderthal site (Asturias, northern Spain) and their importance for understanding Neanderthal thorax morphology

The study of the Neanderthal thorax has attracted the attention of the scientific community for more than a century. It is agreed that Neanderthals have a more capacious thorax than modern humans, but whether this was caused by a medio-lateral or an antero-posterior expansion of the thorax is still debated, and is key to understanding breathing biomechanics and body shape in Neanderthals. The fragile nature of ribs, the metameric structure of the thorax and difficulties in quantifying thorax morphology all contribute to uncertainty regarding precise aspects of Neanderthal thoracic shape. The El Sidrón site has yielded costal remains from the upper to the lower thorax, as well as several proximal rib ends (frequently missing in the Neanderthal record), which help to shed light on Neanderthal thorax shape. We compared the El Sidrón costal elements with ribs from recent modern humans as well as with fossil modern humans and other Neanderthals through traditional morphometric methods and 3D geometric morphometrics, combined with missing data estimation and virtual reconstruction (at the 1st, 5th and 11th costal levels). Our results show that Neanderthals have larger rib heads and articular tubercles than their modern human counterparts. Neanderthal 1st ribs are smaller than in modern humans, whereas 5th and 11th ribs are considerably larger. When we articulated mean ribs (size and shape) with their corresponding vertebral elements, we observed that compared to modern humans the Neanderthal thorax is medio-laterally expanded at every level, especially at T5 and T11. Therefore, in the light of evidence from the El Sidrón costal remains, we hypothesize that the volumetric expansion of the Neanderthal thorax proposed by previous authors would mainly be produced by a medio-lateral expansion of the thorax.

A large solitary fibrous tumor of the mediastinum

The patient was a 27一year—old woman with chest distress and short— ness of breath that suddenly started one month before her examina— tion.The symptoms were relieved with resting,SO she failed to go to the hospital for an examination.She had no complaints of fever, cough or hempotysis.One day,the symptoms became SO severe that she was sent to the emergency room and adiography disclosed an opaciW in her right hemithorax.A subsequent CT scan showed a 1arge.sharply delineated and nonhomogeneous mass in the iriferior fight middle mediastinum,which protruded to the right hemithorax. The mediastinal structure was apparently displaced to the left and the mass seemed to be adherent to the pleura,pericardium and adjacent large vessels(Fig.1A).There were enhancing areas peripheral to the mass after injecting the contrast material(Fig.1B).The 1eft side was shown to be normal.She was admitted to OUr hospital for further ex— amination on the same day. Her medical history was unremarkable except for being allergic to penicillin.She never smoked or drank alcohol,but she had been a worker spraying lacquer in a factory for about two years. Physical examination revealed regular BP(120/80 mmHg)and pulse (80 bpm).The expansion of thorax was symmetric.The breathing sounds were absent in the inferior site of the right lung.The 1eft was normal.and routine 1aboratory examination results were negative.Her blood glucose was 4.9 mmol/L and her B—HCG 1evel was 1ess than

The possibilities of ultrasound examination in cases with intrathoracic goiter

Objective: The purpose of this investigation is to define the possibilities of ultrasound examination in cases with intrathoracic goiter. Methods: To achieve this goal, 62 patients with thyroid tumor expansion of thorax were examined using the modifications of methods of ultrasound examination of mediastinum elaborated by K. Werneke et al. (1986–1988). Results: As a result in all cases, the intrathoracic component of the tumor was visualized. Its localization was determined more precisely, was confirmed by association of the intrathoracic tumor with thyroid, and verified by the relative location to the major blood vessels of mediastinum. The size of the intrathoracic component of the tumor did not mean to the examination (the diameter of the largest knot was 13 cm). Conclusions: The widespread opinion about the little efficiency of ultrasound for examination of the intrathoracic component of thyroid tumor with expansion to mediastinum was refuted. The ultrasound method is effective, allows to get substantial information about the intrathoracic component of thyroid tumor, and should be widely used in clinical practice.

Cardiovascular response to apneic immersion in cool and warm water.

The influence of prior exposure to cool water and the influence of lung volume on the responses to breath holding were examined. The bradycardia and vasoconstriction that occur during breath-hold diving in man are apparently the resultant of stimuli from apnea, relative expansion of the thorax, lung volume, esophageal pressure, face immersion, and thermal receptor stimulation. It is concluded that the bradycardia and vasoconstriction associated with breath holding during body immersion are not attenuated by a preexisting bradycardia and vasoconstriction due to cold.