Expansion Of Range Research Articles

ЗДОРОВЬЕСБЕРЕГАЮЩИЙ РЕСУРС РЕЗОНАНСНОГО ПЕНИЯ

Achieving the utmost naturalness and freedom of sound formation, maximum expansion of the voice range, increasing the power of the voice, brightness and colorfulness of the timbre are the daily tasks of practical work of any vocalist. The resonant theory of singing is the most relevant and in demand system of representations of the relationship between the patterns of formation and per-ception of the singing voice (acoustic, physiological and psychological), allow-ing to achieve high aesthetic and vocal and technical qualities of the singing sound by revealing the resonant properties of the vocal apparatus. Vocal reso-nance (filling of cavities with air) determines strength, filtration, enrichment, expansion, improvement, intensification and prolongation of the singing sound through phonation, enhanced by the vocalist’s timbre. The result of using natu-ral resonance is the health and longevity of the singing voice.

TRUMPET IN THE ORCHESTRAL SCORE OF "ODE ON ST. CECILIA`S DAY" (1692) BY HENRY PURCELL

The subject of this research is the trumpet parts in Henry Purcell’s "Ode on St. Cecilia`s Day" (1692). The author analyses the role of the trumpet in the context of the general content of the work and its poetic symbolism. In this regard, the issue of using special compositional techniques, in particular sound visualisation and musical rhetoric, is analysed. In addition, questions of trumpet tonality semantics are considered. A large amount of background information on the history of the music holiday origin is provided in the article; opinions of scientists who put forward hypotheses about the fruitfulness of the English cultural soil for the rooting and development of such celebrations are given. The author mentions the names of outstanding trumpeters for whom trumpet parts were created, and whose art served as the foundation for the development of the trumpet style in England in the 17th-18th centuries. Along with the performers who made Purcell's art famous, information on fellow composers, Blow and Draghi, is provided; they also created musical offerings to St. Cecilia and undoubtedly influenced the style of young Purcell. The author believes that a new approach to this instrument’s capabilities and the presence of qualified performers broadened the area for the composer's fantasies and experiments. It was reflected not only in the creation of countless motifs based on fanfare and trumpet trill, expansion of the sound range and the use of “imperfect” harmonics of the natural scale but also made it possible to assign to the trumpet repertoire a certain intonation vocabulary, easily perceived, recognizable and freely used in vocal and various instrumental parts. The author comes to the conclusion that Purcell perceived the trumpet as an instrument with great virtuoso and cantilena potential; he used it in climactic moments, maintaining absolute balance with the winds and strings. With Purcell's work, the future of trumpet music became more distinct. Keywords: natural trumpet, Ode to St. Cecilia, English Baroque.

Micromagnetic simulation of Nd-Fe-B demagnetization behavior in complex environments

With the continuous expansion of the application range of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic materials, it becomes increasingly necessary to understand their magnetic performance under different working conditions. Currently, there is limited research on the magnetization characteristics of Nd-Fe-B in complex environments. In this study, a theoretical model considering demagnetizing field, thermal effects, and force-magnetic coupling was established to investigate the demagnetization behavior of Nd-Fe-B under the combined influence of temperature, pressure, and magnetic field. To address the high cost and implementation difficulties associated with demagnetization experiments in complex environments, as well as the limitations of general hysteresis models in terms of research scale, a micromagnetic numerical simulation method incorporating the theoretical model was adopted. The simulation was performed using COMSOL Multiphysics, which allows for multi-physics field coupling. The demagnetization behavior of Nd-Fe-B in complex environments was calculated. The demagnetization curves of Nd-Fe-B under different combinations of temperature, pressure, and magnetic field were obtained. From the perspective of magnetic moment motion, the demagnetization mechanism of Nd-Fe-B was analyzed. Furthermore, the variations in coercivity, Curie temperature, and critical demagnetizing pressure of Nd-Fe-B in complex environments were summarized. These findings provide theoretical guidance for the application of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic materials in complex working environments.

Study on Dynamic Crack Expansion and Size Effect of Back–Filling Concrete under Uniaxial Compression

With the continuous expansion of the application range of gob–side entry retaining technology, the depth, height, and advancing speed of coal seams also increase, which brings great problems to the stability control of surrounding rock structures of gob–side entry retaining. As one of the main bearing structures of the surrounding rock, the stability of the roadway–side support body is a key factor for the success of gob–side entry retaining. In order to study the deformation characteristics and instability mechanism of roadway-side support body, based on the roadway–side support materials of gob-side entry retaining, the dynamic expansion test of back–filling concrete cracks under uniaxial compression was carried out. The YOLOv5 algorithm was applied to establish the fine identification and quantitative characterization method of macroscopic cracks of the samples, and the dynamic expansion rule of roadway-side support body cracks and its dimensional effect were revealed by combining the fractal theory. The results show that the F1 value and average precision mean of the intelligent dynamic crack identification model reached 75% and 71%, respectively, the GIoU loss value tends to fit around 0.038, and the model reached the overall optimal solution. During the uniaxial compression process, micro cracks on the surface of the back–filling concrete first initiated at the end, and after reaching the yield stress, the macroscopic cracks developed significantly. Moreover, several secondary cracks expanded, pooled, and connected from the middle of the specimen to the two ends, inducing the overall instability of the specimen. The surface crack expansion rate, density, and fractal dimension all show stage change characteristics with the increase in stress, and the main crack expansion rate has obvious precursor characteristics. With the increase in the size, the decrease in crack density after back–filling concrete failures gradually decreases from 93.19% to 4.08%, the surface crack network develops from complex to simple, and the failure mode transits from tensile failure to shear failure. The above research results provide a basic experimental basis for design optimization and instability prediction of a roadway–side support body for engineering-scale applications.

Natural habitats for the stable existence of wild boars (<em>Sus scrofa</em>) in the North

Wild boar Sus scrofa populations are actively expanding northwards. Their presence in the North is closely tied to anthropogenic activities, as wild boars are either fed, or find food and suitable habitat at farmlands. However, the nature reserves of the northern part of Russia show that wild boars are able to survive on their own even in a completely natural environment. In the taiga zone, there are habitats providing for their survival in winter: wetlands in mires and around large water bodies, and dense spruce forests. Continued northwards expansion of wild boar range is likely if pressure from hunting is reduced. Modelling based on climatic variables also shows that they could potentially inhabit vast areas in the North. The existence of wild boars in the North is interrelated with other species of relatively large mammals (beavers and roe deer) and partly supports the idea of “Pleistocene rewilding” in a boreal environment, i.e., the potential to increase the variety and numbers of megafauna representatives.

Modern electronics component base for building automated electronic systems with artificial intelligence

The article provides an overview of the prospects for the use of nanomaterials for solving modern tasks in robotics. A practical analysis of materials at the stage of designing structural elements as part of the development of a low-noise underwater unmanned aerial vehicle with artificial intelligence for reconnaissance and destruction of surface and underwater objects is demonstrated. The prospects of using nanotechnology to improve the characteristics of quantum converters are shown. An increase in sensitivity and an expansion of the spectral range of optical sensors have been established. The possibility of using such sensors in practical designs of robotics is shown

DEVELOPMENT OF A REACTOR FOR LOW-TEMPERATURE CATALYTIC REDUCTION OF NITROGEN OXIDE EMISSIONS AT NITROGEN-FERTILIZER ENTERPRISES

The article presents the development of a more efficient use of the processes of catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides of gas emissions for industrial use. The advantages of plate catalyst blocks with a deposited active substance in comparison with industrial granular aluminum-vanadium catalysts are presented. Chemical and kinetic regularities of this process are shown. It is noted that the use of plate deposited catalysts based on noble metals is a more effective means of reducing nitrogen oxides than granular ones due to the presence of low hydraulic resistance and increased activity. On the basis of experimental data of laboratory and pilot studies of the developed catalyst obtained by impregnating the applied metal carrier based on TiO2 with salts of platinum group metals, physicochemical and kinetic calculations of the process of reduction of nitrogen oxides using ammonia were carried out. Graphical dependencies of the activity of the developed catalysts on the process temperature and volume velocity are given. The optimal values of these indicators have been determined. It is shown that the effect of temperature is explained by the growth of the reaction rate constant in proportion to the temperature according to Arrhenius' law, and the effect of the volumetric velocity is associated with a change in the duration of contact of the reacting components with the active surface of the catalyst. The calculation of the Reynolds criterion was carried out, which showed that this process in the conditions of industrial technologies is characteristic of the laminar regime. It is noted that the use of the developed catalyst in production provides an expansion of the temperature range of the emission purification process, it is more suitable for operation in industry in accordance with the determined optimal conditions of its application.

Design and Test of a Tree-Whitening Machine Based on a Multi-Nozzle Holder

In this study, a tree-whitening machine was designed based on the collaborative operation of multiple spray nozzles. This research utilized infrared ranging, ultrasonic detection, and spraying devices in order to realize the accurate spraying of trees and improve the efficiency and quality of spraying. The test results show that the working efficiency of the machine is 300 trees/h, the spraying coverage is up to 96.5%, and the applicable trunk circumference range is 500–1250 mm, which is more advantageous than the American UltraMaxII695 high-pressure electric spraying machine, the domestic HT20 machine, etc. Furthermore, it improves the working efficiency by 7.1%, the spraying coverage by 6.7%, and the expansion of the adaptable trunk circumference range by 20%, as well as having further advantages.

The new record of the Mammoth Wasp Megascolia maculata (Drury, 1773) in the Ternopil oblast as evidence of the species range expansion

Mammoth Wasp Megascolia maculata (Drury, 1773) (Hymenoptera, Scoliidae) widely distributed in the south of the Western Palearctic and is the largest Hymenoptera insect in Europe. The species range covers southern and partially Central Europe, North Africa, Turkey, the Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Western and Central Asia (Western Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Syria, Israel, Kuwait, Iran, Afghanistan). Three subspecies are distinguished within the species range: Megascolia (Regiscolia) maculata bischoffi (Micha, 1927) – island of Cyprus, Megascolia (Regiscolia) maculata flavifrons (Fabricius, 1775) – western Mediterranean including Italy, Megascolia (Regiscolia) maculata maculata (Drury, 1773) – Eastern Mediterranean, Central and Eastern Europe and Asia. However, DNA barcoding showed no difference between these three subspecies (Schmid-Egger, Schmidt, 2021). In Ukraine it is represented by a nominative subspecies Megascolia (Regiscolia) maculata maculata (Drury, 1773), most of the findings are concentrated in the central and southeastern provinces (oblasts). The species is listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine with protection status: not evaluated (NE). The purpose of the study was to analyze its spread in Ukraine and neighboring countries, in particular, define the northern boundary of the species range. The material for the work was collections (State Museum of Natural History, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, entomological collection of the Department of Botany and Zoology of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University), own observations, literature data, information from web resources on biodiversity: GBIF - 3800 findings GBIF, 2023; Megascolia…, 2023), iNaturalist – 3208 observations (iNaturalist, 2023), Data Centre «Biodiversity of Ukraine» – 265 records, Ukrainian Biodiversity Information Network – 127 findings. Data on a new discovered of Mammoth Wasp Megascolia maculata (Drury, 1773) in the Ternopil oblast (24.06.2022, Laskivtsi village, Ternopilskyi district, 49.170338N, 25.568823E) are presented. The distribution of the species in Ukraine and neighboring countries is analyzed, a map of the distribution of the species in the region is presented and indicated the expansion of the species range in the northwest direction. Probably, for the next few years we can expect it’s discovered in the Lviv and Volyn oblasts, as well as in Poland.

Effect of Pressure and Temperature Variation on Wax Precipitation in the Wellbore of Ultradeep Gas Condensate Reservoirs

Summary To investigate the wax precipitation mechanism of condensate in a wellbore during the ultradeep gas condensate reservoir development, condensate samples were prepared in this work. Changes in the temperature and pressure of fluid flow in the wellbore are simulated by a high-temperature and high-pressure pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) system. This simulation explores their influences on the wax precipitation of the condensate produced from the target reservoir. The results show that the temperature decrease weakens the wax molecular movement activity and promotes the precipitation of wax, resulting in the expansion of the pressure range in which wax precipitation occurs in the system. Meanwhile, decreasing the pressure promotes wax aggregation by increasing van der Waals forces between wax molecules, thereby increasing the wax precipitation rate. At different temperatures, the wax precipitate amount first increases and then decreases with decreasing pressure, which is determined by the wax solubility and remaining content in the system. Since the solubility of a low carbon number component is more sensitive to temperature and pressure changes than that of a high carbon number component, in the early stages of experimental temperature and pressure decreases, the precipitation of coarse crystalline wax with carbon numbers ranging from C16 to C30 is more active than that of microcrystalline wax with carbon numbers exceeding C30. The remaining amount of the former component in the system decreases rapidly, and its precipitation capacity weakens, thus increasing the amount of the latter component in the precipitated wax during the later stage of experiments; this trend corresponds to the shift of the curve peak of the wax carbon number distribution to an abscissa interval with the relatively high carbon numbers. This work can provide reference data for the prediction of the well depth at which the wax precipitation occurs and the wax composition, aiming to promote the implementation of wellbore wax blockage prevention programs.

Influence of rail side lubrication and slip rate dependent effects upon the corrugation on the metro small curve track

For investigating the rail corrugation characteristics of metro small curve track under the combined effect of rail side lubrication and slip rate dependence, by developing a three-dimensional vehicle-track coupling numerical model, the wheel-rail (WR) contact stick-slip (SS) characteristics under different transition areas of rail side lubrication in the presence of corrugation were analyzed. Meantime, on the basis of considering the friction slip rate dependence, the SS vibration characteristics under different rail side lubrication conditions were further analyzed to understand the effect mechanism of rail surface friction characteristics on corrugation. The results show that, when there is rail side lubrication, both inner and outer WR systems have the possibility for SS vibration, and the longitudinal SS vibration intensity is greater than the transverse SS vibration intensity; the SS vibration intensity of the inner WR system is greater than that of the outer WR system, indicating that the inner rail is more susceptible to corrugation and the corrugation is more acute. With the expansion of the rail side lubrication range, the standard deviations of longitudinal and transverse adhesion coefficients decrease, illustrating that the expansion of the lubrication range can reduce the SS vibration intensity of WR system. When the co-effects of rail side lubrication and slip rate dependence are considered, the increase of the rail side lubrication range leads to the increase of standard deviations of adhesion coefficients, which may be related to the enhancement of slip effect induced by the increase of the lubrication range. The introduction of slip rate dependent effect can reduce the standard deviation of the WR adhesion coefficient, which demonstrates that the slip rate dependent effect can ease the degree of SS vibration of WR system, thus reducing the probability of corrugation occurrence caused by the SS vibration.

Numerical study of Newtonian fluid flow characteristics in triangle enclosure considering various obstacle geometries

This article investigates the effect of cylindrical obstacles with different dimensions inside the triangular cavity on natural convection heat transfer. This study considers three cavities, each of which has one, two, and three-cylinder barriers embedded inside it. The use of one or two cylindrical barriers has been investigated in many research, but in this research, in addition to the number of cylindrical barriers, their dimensions and sizes have been changed, and an alternating temperature function has been used at the base of the cavity. The considered nanofluid is Al2O3H2O, which contains aluminum oxide nanoparticles with a concentration of 5 %. In all three cavities, the velocity of the nanofluid in the walls is zero. The temperature in the lateral sides of the cavity has low-temperature faces. Instead of being constant or adiabatic, the temperature at its base is an alternating function (sinusoidal function with a frequency of 1.0 Hz.). In contrast, it is considered that the surfaces of the obstacles of the cylinders have zero velocity and are adiabatic. In this study, the governing equations of nanofluid flow behavior have been solved using the Galerkin finite element method and analyzed in the Rayleigh number range of 103 to 105. Because triangular cavities with different ratios are used to optimize multiple objectives and increase thermal performance in microchannels, the results show that the multiplicity of cylindrical obstacles in the triangular cavity causes the expansion of the nanofluid velocity range in the whole area, which itself causes the increase of the heat transfer surface, and with the increase of the Rayleigh number and the buoyancy force, the magnitude of the velocity inside the triangular cavity increases. In the triangular cavity containing three cylindrical barriers, the nanofluid's velocity range is low, but according to the velocity contours, its extent is greater than the other two cavities. Also, the average Nusselt number in this cavity is higher than other cavities.

경제 범패 <복청게>의 갈래별 음악적 특성 비교 분석

Baggatchaebi-sori and anchaebi-sori in beompae (Buddhist chant) have been
 considered as having extremely different musical characteristics. However, as a
 result of taking a look at the hotsori Bokcheongge as the baggatchaebi-sori
 and the getakseong Bokcheongge as the anchaebi-sori , substantially similar
 musical characteristics have been discovered. In addition, the distinguishable
 musical characteristics have been found out in them. Based on the analysis
 results, the commonality and distinction can be summarized as follows.
 In the hotsori Bokcheongge and the getakseong Bokcheongge, common
 characteristics are observed in the musical elements including tempo and
 meter, text setting, range, musical structure, kkeukneun-mok (decorative
 sound) between re'-do', yoseong (vibrating sound), the use of ‘main melody
 types' (Type A~C), cadence, and tori (melodic mode reflecting the locality).
 There is somewhat difference in the way of utilizing 'main melody types', but
 it can be said that it is common that both utilize the ‘main melody types’.
 Meanwhile, the distinguishable musical characteristics of the hotsori
 Bokcheongge and getakseong Bokcheongge is that the scale of the hotsori
 is composed of mi, sol, la, do', re', mi', fa' and sol' while that of the
 getakseong does not include fa'. This phenomenon is caused by partial
 transposition that occurred due to the expansion of the vocal range. Since the
 decorative sound (kkeukneun-mok) between re'-do' becomes sol'-fa' when it is
 changed to a perfect 4th above, fa' appears as a constituent sound in the
 hotsori Bokcheongge. On the other hand, in the getakseong Bokcheongge,
 the vocal range is expanded, but it does not lead to transposition and thus fa'
 does not appear. The text setting in several ways of making lyrics is the same
 in both, but two verses of the getakseong are characterized by syllabic setting (one note per syllable). In addition, the jachulineun-sori (singing technique
 with gradually lowering the melody) is used in hotsori while it is omitted in
 the getakseong .

Conceptual trends in the ruralization of human capital

The conceptual model of human capital ruralization forms common and unified approaches to the management of its development, contributing to an increase in the level of concentration of agrarian human capital in the context of rural areas. The platform for its practical implementation is an organizational and economic mechanism of human capital increase, based on the diversification of employment, motivation of labor and creative activity of the population and digitalization of rural areas, taking into account existing spatial socio-economic inequalities. The latter form the basis for thetypology of agrarian regions due to the features of natural and agricultural zones, the development of rural areas, the nature and intensity of population settlement, the availability of human resources, the demographic and gender structure of residents, socio-economic potential of the spatial economy, the state of infrastructure in rural areas, lifestyle, historical and cultural traditions and mentality. The formation of the theoretical basis, the systematization of methodological principles, and the identification of socio-economic regularities form the basis of the ruralistic concept of human capital concentration. This approach is based on the stage-by-stage development of adjacent (primary) territories, the transformation of which will subsequently create prerequisites for the modernization of the aggregate infrastructure of the so-called secondary area. This phenomenon can be characterized as a “reverse wave” of labor migration, the effect of which will also be reflected in the concentration of human capital in the agrarian regions. Thus, the complex mechanism of creating favorable living conditions, modernization of socio-economic infrastructure, expansion of the type range of agrarian productions and the list of services, deepening of diversification of employment of rural population forms the empirics of the concept of human capital ruralization.

Distinct hybridization modes in wide- and narrow-ranged lineages of Causonis (Vitaceae)

BackgroundExplaining contrasting patterns of distribution between related species is crucial for understanding the dynamics of biodiversity. Despite instances where hybridization and whole genome duplication (WGD) can yield detrimental outcomes, a role in facilitating the expansion of distribution range has been proposed. The Vitaceae genus Causonis exhibits great variations in species’ distribution ranges, with most species in the derived lineages having a much wider range than those in the early-diverged lineages. Hybridization and WGD events have been suggested to occur in Causonis based on evidence of phylogenetic discordance. The genus, therefore, provides us with an opportunity to for explore different hybridization and polyploidization modes in lineages with contrasting species’ distribution ranges. However, the evolutionary history of Causonis incorporating potential hybridization and WGD events remains to be explored.ResultsWith plastid and nuclear data from dense sampling, this study resolved the phylogenetic relationships within Causonis and revealed significant cyto-nuclear discordance. Nuclear gene tree conflicts were detected across the genus, especially in the japonica-corniculata clade, which were mainly attributed to gene flow. This study also inferred the allopolyploid origin of the core Causonis species, which promoted the accumulation of stress-related genes. Causonis was estimated to have originated in continental Asia in the early Eocene, and experienced glaciation in the early Oligocene, shortly after the divergence of the early-divergent lineages. The japonica-corniculata clade mainly diversified in the Miocene, followed by temperature declines that may have facilitated secondary contact. Species distribution modeling based on current climate change predicted that the widespread C. japonica tends to be more invasive, while the endemic C. ciliifera may be at risk of extinction.ConclusionsThis study presents Causonis, a genus with complex reticulate evolutionary history, as a model of how hybridization and WGD modes differ in lineages of contrasting species’ geographic ranges. It is important to consider specific evolutionary histories and genetic properties of the focal species within conservation strategies.

Климатическое моделирование пригодности местообитаний Erythronium sibiricum (Fisch. et C.A. Mey.) Krylov

The Erythronium sibiricum (Fisch. et C.A. Mey.) Krylov (family Liliaceae L.) is an Altai-Sayan endemic, a relic of tertiary broad-leaved forests, predominantly a forest mesophyte. Erythronium sibiricum is listed in a number of regional Red Books and the Red Book of the Russian Federation (a rare species that is declining in numbers in natural populations). Maximum entropy method (MaxEnt) was used to constructing a model of suitability of Erythronium sibiricum habitat. The initial data for the modeling of potential distribution were the climatic parameters of WorldClim, the actual records from herbarium funds and from nature. It has been proved that E. sibiricum demonstrates a wide ecological amplitude. Modeling of the predicted habitats of E. sibiricum showed almost equal influence of the temperature factor (46,4%) and precipitation (41,8%) as restraining the expansion of the species range, which correlates with the distribution of E. sibiricum within the climate types according to Coppen-Geiger. These works are based on the study of the influence of climate, as one of factors for the successful introduction of plants. Data obtained on beautifully blooming E. sibiricum and methodological approach could be used for solving environmental problems in some regions of the Russian Federation.

Size of emerald ash borer in North Carolina,USA: Preliminary evidence for a sawtooth cline?

AbstractWe test the hypothesis of Marshall et al. (2013) that in the United States there is a converse Bergmann's cline in body size ofAgrilus planipennis(emerald ash borer, EAB), with the largest females ( = 12.6 mm length) collected at the most southern latitudes tested (37° N).In 2020, we employed three techniques to collect EAB at a North Carolina (NC) site located at 35.64° N (purple prism traps [PPTs], log emergence,Cerceris fumipennisbiosurveillance). The study was repeated in 2021, but with green funnel traps replacing log emergence. EAB collected byC. fumipennisin three altitudinally disparate regions of NC were also measured.Overall, EAB collected in 2020 averaged 12.02 mm, with those emerged from logs significantly smaller than those from PPTs. Length of females collected fromC. fumipennisat three elevations was not significantly different and averaged 12.01 mm. In 2021, females collected from funnel traps, PPTs andC. fumipenniswere not significantly different and larger ( = 12.41 mm) than in 2020; eliminating the smaller log‐emerged EAB from the 2020 data set did not change the outcome.Mean EAB size in NC never reached the reported 12.6 mm at 37° N, regardless of the technique or altitude tested. Our expansion of the latitudinal range in which EAB body size has been studied may shift the proposed converse Bergmann's cline to that of a sawtooth or other non‐linear model, likely associated with a transition in EAB voltinism at or near NC latitudes.

Development of Chinas Photovoltaic Industry: Stylized Facts, Difficulties, and Prospect

With the target to achieve national carbon emission peak levels by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060, China has diverted a large portion of its resources on the development of renewable energy. As one of the most important domestic renewable energy industries, the photovoltaic industry grows at a rapid pace over the last decade. The essay illustrates the outlook of the photovoltaic industry in China at current in the perspective of industrial achievements and Chinas position in the global market. Through a comprehensive analysis, the challenges of stagnating core technology, imbalance between surging demand and limited supply as well as the dearth of human capital are highlighted. Aiming at a fully-fledged solar energy market in the future, specific suggestions for PV firms and the government will be given. According to the three problems, expansion strategy is advised for firms: expansion of production scale; expansion of recruitment range; and expansion of technology application. Synchronously, the government is proposed supporting policies including fiscal support, academic support and technological support.

Lineage‐specific trait variations and plasticity of obligate parthenogenetic animals following the expansion of distribution range to a continental archipelago

AbstractEvolutionary theory suggests the hypothesis that among genetically isolated populations, phenotypic variation should be smaller in populations with smaller ratios of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions (dN/dS) because smaller dN/dS ratios occur under greater purification selections. Two distinct lineages (JPN1 and JPN2) of panarctic Daphnia cf. pulex sensu Hebert (1995), invaded independently into Japan from North America, provide an excellent opportunity to test this hypothesis because the earlier invader JPN1 has a lower dN/dS ratio than JPN2. Therefore, we examined phenotypic variations in fitness‐related traits, including digestive, life‐history, and morphological traits, among several genotypes within these two lineages. We found that phenotypic variations were smaller within the JPN1 lineage than within the JPN2 lineage. Furthermore, within‐lineage variation of the phenotypic plasticity to changing food levels was smaller in the JPN1 lineage than in the JPN2 lineage. These results support the hypothesis that the JPN1 lineage has been more efficiently subjected to negative selection. However, the magnitude of the phenotypic plasticity of these traits was, on average, at the same level between the JPN1 and JPN2 lineages and its direction differed among genotypes of these lineages, suggesting that the JPN2 genotypes might have exploited niches that were different from those of the JPN1 genotypes.

Dielectric and thermal properties of potassium nitrate–carbon nanotubes composites

The results of a study of composites obtained by mixing potassium nitrate and carbon nanotubes are discussed. It has been shown that the effects of the interaction of the composite components lead to the expansion of the temperature range of the existence of the ferroelectric phase of potassium nitrate from 22 K for KNO3 to 38 K for a composite with a carbon nanotubes content of 2.0 vol % percent.