Expansion Of Cloud Research Articles

Public Sector Cloud Computing Adoption and Utilization During Covid-19: An Agenda for Research and Practice

Cloud computing became a pivotal crisis response tool for many public sector organizations (PSOs) during the COVID-19 pandemic, sustaining public service delivery and public sector operations during times of extraordinary global turmoil. The technology’s inherent strengths of flexibility, innovation, resilience, and collaboration prompted PSOs to aggressively pursue both the initial adoption of cloud and the expansion of already-existing cloud computing capabilities. Despite the importance of the emerging topic of crisisdriven public sector cloud adoption for future crisis response efforts and the post-crisis transition to regular public sector operations, academic literature and empirics are sparse and present a distinct knowledge gap. This article assesses crisis-driven public sector cloud computing adoption and expanded utilization and provides recommendations for the advancement of research and practice, supporting future research, collaboration, and evidence-based cloud computing implementation and utilization.

Logarithmic expansion of many-body wave packets in random potentials

Anderson localization confines the wave function of a quantum particle in a one-dimensional random potential to a volume of the order of the localization length $\xi$. Nonlinear add-ons to the wave dynamics mimic many-body interactions on a mean field level, and result in escape from the Anderson cage and in unlimited subdiffusion of the interacting cloud. We address quantum corrections to that subdiffusion by (i) using the ultrafast unitary Floquet dynamics of discrete-time quantum walks, (ii) an interaction strength ramping to speed up the subdiffusion, and (iii) an action discretization of the nonlinear terms. We observe the saturation of the cloud expansion of $N$ particles to a volume $\sim N\xi$. We predict and observe a universal intermediate logarithmic expansion regime which connects the mean-field diffusion with the final saturation regime and is entirely controlled by particle number $N$. The temporal window of that regime grows exponentially with the localization length $\xi$.

Generation of spherical laser-plasma clouds for modelling three-dimensional dynamic effects of artificial plasma injections in circumterrestrial space

For the first time to solve the problems of laboratory modelling of cosmophysical phenomena of an explosive nature (active experiments of the AMPTE type, with barium injections into the magnetosphere), spherical laser plasma clouds (LPCs) were produced and applied (in experiments at the KI-1 test facility of the ILP SB RAS). Use was made of the classical four-beam scheme of irradiation (regular tetrahedron) of a polyethylene target ball (∅1 cm) by CO2 laser radiation with an energy of up to 500 J. A high degree of symmetry of the expansion of a near-spherical LPC with a moderate velocity of ∼100 km s−1 and an energy of up to 30 J has been achieved. The regimes of deceleration and formation of the spherical-LPC diamagnetic cavity were modelled for the first time, as well as the development of flute instability during the expansion of barium clouds across the geomagnetic field and the dynamics of these clouds along the field.

Eruption dynamics leading to a volcanic thunderstorm—The January 2020 eruption of Taal volcano, Philippines

AbstractAdvances in global lightning detection have provided novel ways to characterize explosive volcanism. However, researchers are still at the early stages of understanding how volcanic plumes become electrified on different spatial and temporal scales. We deconstructed the phreatomagmatic eruption of Taal volcano (Philippines) on 12 January 2020 to investigate the origin of its powerful volcanic thunderstorm. Satellite analysis indicated that the water-rich plume rose >10 km high before creating lightning detected by Vaisala's global lightning data set (GLD360). Flash rates increased with plume heights and cloud expansion over time, producing >70 flashes min–1. Photographs revealed a highly electrified region at the base of the umbrella cloud, where we infer strong convective updrafts and icy collisions enhanced the electrical activity. These findings inform a conceptual model with overlapping regimes of charge generation in wet eruptions—initially due to ash particle collisions near the vent, followed by thunderstorm-like electrification in icy regions of the upper plume. Despite the wide reach of Taal's ash cloud, most of the lightning occurred within 20–30 km of the volcano, producing thousands of hazardous cloud-to-ground flashes over a densely populated area. The eruption demonstrates that volcanic lightning can pose a hazard in its own right, embedded within the broader hazards of explosive volcanism in an urban setting.

Research on Intelligent Scheduling Mechanism in Edge Network for Industrial Internet of Things

With the vigorous development of the Internet of Things, the Internet, cloud computing, and mobile terminals, edge computing has emerged as a new type of Internet of Things technology, which is one of the important components of the Industrial Internet of Things. In the face of large-scale data processing and calculations, traditional cloud computing is facing tremendous pressure, and the demand for new low-latency computing technologies is imminent. As a supplementary expansion of cloud computing technology, mobile edge computing will sink the computing power from the previous cloud to a network edge node. Through the mutual cooperation between computing nodes, the number of nodes that can be calculated is more, the types are more comprehensive, and the computing range is even greater. Broadly, it makes up for the shortcomings of cloud computing technology. Although edge computing technology has many advantages and has certain research and application results, how to allocate a large number of computing tasks and computing resources to computing nodes and how to schedule computing tasks at edge nodes are still challenges for edge computing. In view of the problems encountered by edge computing technology in resource allocation and task scheduling, this paper designs a dynamic task scheduling strategy for edge computing with delay-aware characteristics, which realizes the reasonable utilization of computing resources and is required for edge computing systems. This paper proposes a resource allocation scheme combined with the simulated annealing algorithm, which minimizes the overall performance loss of the system while keeping the system low delay. Finally, it is verified through experiments that the task scheduling and resource allocation methods proposed in this paper can significantly reduce the response delay of the application.

Effect of plasma properties on magnetic bubbles

In this work, a three-dimensional hybrid simulation program is used to investigate the process of the explosion and expansion of a large number of thermal debris ions in a low density background plasma. By quantitatively calculating the variation of the magnetic bubble and the bubble constraint in the motion of the debris cloud, studied are the influences of the background plasma charge density, the background ion atomic weight, and the charge-mass ratio of the fragment ion on the magnetic bubble. The results show that the background charge density has an important effect on the motion of the bubble and debris cloud. In the early stage of the debris cloud expansion, the background ion atomic weight has little effect on the bubble expansion, but it affects the movement of debris cloud at a later time. When the charge-mass ratio of the debris ion is small, the radius of the ion gyration is larger than the bubble radius, and the bubble radius is small so that it cannot restrain the debris cloud. When the charge-mass ratio of the debris ion is large, the radius of the ion gyration is smaller than the bubble radius. If the background charge density is low in this condition, the early expansion of the bubble and the debris cloud are slightly affected by the charge-mass ratio of the fragment ions, and only the subsequent evolution of the system is influenced. If the background charge density is large in this condition, the charge-mass ratio of the fragment ion has a prominent influence on the motion of the bubble and the debris cloud.

Analysis of environmental dispersion in wetland flows with floating vegetation islands

The fate of the contaminant transport process within wetland flows considering contaminant depletion via a floating vegetation island (FVI) is the focus of this work. To identify the feature of contaminant cloud expansion under an FVI, multiscale theory is extended to obtain a two-dimensional spatial concentration distribution analytical solution. The characteristics of two-dimensional concentration distributions under upper FVI absorption and damping factor within wetland flows are illustrated. The performance of the contaminant depletion process via an FVI is also examined in this work, with discussions on removal efficiency, the absorption ratio, and the nonuniformity of contaminant mass. As FVI removal intensity changes along the stream direction, the analytical solution of removal efficiency is obtained to illustrate the longitudinal variation in the FVI removal intensity. Furthermore, the effects of removal intensity and damping factor on FVI removal efficiency are expressed separately. In addition, the removal intensity variance in the vertical direction is discussed using the defined absorption ratio. Moreover, as residual mass is a fatal issue in the contaminant removal process, temporal residual mass is discussed, and the residual mass proportion within different layers is depicted. Finally, the difference of the mass proportion between layers is employed to explain the transformation of the contaminant cloud.

Ion Cloud Expansion after Hyper-velocity Dust Impacts Detected by the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission Electric Probes in the Dipole Configuration

Abstract Dust impact detection by electric field instruments is a well-established technique. On the other hand, not all aspects of signal generation by dust impacts are completely understood. We present a study of events related to dust impacts on the spacecraft body detected by electric field probes operating simultaneously in the monopole (probe-to-spacecraft potential measurement) and dipole (probe-to-probe potential measurement) configurations by the Earth-orbiting Magnetospheric Multiscale mission spacecraft. This unique measurement allows us to investigate connections between monopole and dipole data. Our analysis shows that the signal detected by the electric field instrument in a dipole configuration is generated by an ion cloud expanding along the electric probes. In this case, expanding ions affect not only the potential of the spacecraft body but also one or more electric probes at the end of antenna booms. Electric probes located far from the spacecraft body can be influenced by an ion cloud only when the spacecraft is located in tenuous ambient plasma inside of the Earth's magnetosphere. Derived velocities of the expanding ions on the order of tens of kilometers per second are in the range of values measured experimentally in the laboratory.

Tracing the ICME plasma with a MHD simulation

The determination of the chemical composition of interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) plasma is an open issue. More specifically, it is not yet fully understood how remote sensing observations of the solar corona plasma during solar disturbances evolve into plasma properties measured in situ away from the Sun. The ambient conditions of the background interplanetary plasma are important for space weather because they influence the evolutions, arrival times, and geo-effectiveness of the disturbances. The Reverse In situ and MHD APproach (RIMAP) is a technique to reconstruct the heliosphere on the ecliptic plane (including the magnetic Parker spiral) directly from in situ measurements acquired at 1 AU. It combines analytical and numerical approaches, preserving the small-scale longitudinal variability of the wind flow lines. In this work, we use RIMAP to test the interaction of an ICME with the interplanetary medium. We model the propagation of a homogeneous non-magnetised (i.e. with no internal flux rope) cloud starting at 800 km s−1at 0.1 AU out to 1.1 AU. Our 3D magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulation made with the PLUTO MHD code shows the formation of a compression front ahead of the ICME, continuously driven by the cloud expansion. Using a passive tracer, we find that the initial ICME material does not fragment behind the front during its propagation, and we quantify the mixing of the propagating plasma cloud with the ambient solar wind plasma, which can be detected at 1 AU.

Asymmetrical meridional expansion of bright clouds from Saturn's 2010 great white storm

Saturn's recurring great white storms play an important role in modifying its atmosphere. In 2010, such a storm with clouds encircling the planet occurred in the northern hemisphere. An interesting phenomenon of this storm is that the associated bright clouds expanded asymmetrically with respect to latitude, such that the southern boundary of the bright clouds moved ~2.7 times as far as the northern boundary during an 8-month period. Based on the wind and temperature fields retrieved from the Cassini visible and infrared observations, we explore the mechanism behind this asymmetrical expansion. Our analysis shows that the northern edge, which quickly stopped moving, coincides with the largest meridional gradient of the quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity (PV) in the region of interest, which is coincident with the strongest jet in the region, suggesting this forms an effective barrier to meridional transport, much like a polar vortex. In contrast, the storm's southern edge, which kept moving, passed through weaker PV gradients and jets. For the threshold value of the meridional gradient of PV needed to form an effective barrier to meridional transport in Saturn's mid-latitude upper-troposphere, we estimate lower and upper bounds of ~2.1 × 10−11 m−1 s−1 and ~3.6 × 10−11 m−1 s−1.

Cyber Security Risk Assessment

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the digitization of business processes, remote work/ access to sensitive data and critical corporate resources. There is a fast expansion of cloud computing services. The cybercrime follows the same trend: the sudden rise of global ransomware attacks, theft and disclosure of personal data, attacks on news sites, phishing email attacks, etc. The cybercrime increase reported since the beginning of the pandemic is about 300%. As a result, cyber security has become very important for all organizations,of all types and sizes. This paper aims to elucidate modern trends in the assessment and treatment of cyber security risks of an entity, automatize the cyber security processes to remove repetitive tasks and reduce the influence of the human factor.

Ultrafast dynamics of photoinduced terahertz electron-hole plasma waves in semiconductor junctions

The ultrafast transport processes of electrons and holes excited by femtosecond laser pulses are essential for a better understanding of carrier dynamics in semiconductors. Transient optical techniques are commonly used to investigate the carrier excitation and transport in these materials. Recently, ultrafast scanning electron microscopy has been employed to elucidate the ballistic dynamics of such hot carriers near a $p\text{\ensuremath{-}}n$ junction. We provide here a model not only to explain the previously reported superfast expansion of electron-hole clouds but also to predict plasma wave behavior at high laser fluences. In addition to a bipolar junction, we also investigate the well structure of a $p\text{\ensuremath{-}}n\text{\ensuremath{-}}p$ junction sandwiched by insulating layers. By confining hot carriers inside junctions, these carriers begin to oscillate as a result of Coulomb interactions among carriers and with the intrinsic field at the depletion zone, leading to the occurrence of terahertz-scale plasma waves for potential applications as pulsed terahertz light sources.

Research on Energy Saving Distribution in Cloud Computing Environment

With the huge increase of cloud infrastructure and the continuous expansion of cloud computing scale, the consumption promotion role of IT resources has been increasing, which has greatly hindered the development of IT industry. Energy consumption has become an important factor restricting the development of cloud computing. How to reduce energy consumption and improve the efficiency of energy utilization in cloud computing has become a new problem. At present, most of the cloud computing task scheduling algorithms are also carried out in job scheduling, which does not consider the allocation and energy consumption of resources. Therefore, the rational allocation of resources is an effective way to improve the efficiency of energy utilization and energy utilization. In this paper, the concept of resource waiting and resource consumption is proposed. It is considered that resource allocation is an effective way to improve the efficiency of platform software. In this paper, the resource space time energy consumption of intelligent energy is defined. The optimal ratio of known energy consumption to 0 and the resource needed for resource tasks and tasks is called map / task allocation and resource allocation. In this paper, the best resources than W test and wait for the relationship between the specific energy and resource; then, to verify that the map / mountain ice task division rationality by experiment; then the experimental data to verify the R2 algorithm can reduce the energy consumption of resources, improve the utilization rate of node resources, optimizing the energy efficiency of Map/Reduce task. The proposed resource ratio model and resource W method can be applied to existing map reduction system, which is of theoretical significance and practical value for improving and optimizing energy efficiency in cloud computing models.

Разработка трехмерной гибридной модели бесстолкновительного расширения плазменного облака в разреженную ионизованную замагниченную окружающую среду

The paper presents the results of developing a hybrid three-dimensional model of collisionless interaction in plasma flows. This model considers ions in kinetical terms (simulated as a set of individual particles) and describes electrons in terms of continuum mechanics (simulated as a fluid). We present the system of equations behind the mathematical model and the physical conditions limiting its applicability. The system includes equations describing ion motion in electromagnetic fields, the quasineutrality equation, equations for calculating the total current density, non-radiative Maxwell's equations, and the generalised Ohm's law. We outline a numerical method for solving our hybrid model equations and describe an algorithm for solving the system of equations over time. We focus on the numerical method for solving the induction equation, which takes possible discontinuous solutions into account and preserves the divergence-free condition for the magnetic field. The paper discusses the issues of increasing the spatial approximation accuracy for the numerical scheme used to solve the induction equation. We present numerical simulation results for collisionless expansion of a plasma cloud into a rarefied ionised gas in the presence of an external magnetic field. These results were obtained using our computer code that implements the hybrid model described. The paper demonstrates some numerical properties of the digital simulation developed, specifically, how the order of accuracy for the numerical scheme approximation designed to solve the induction equation affects numerical simulation results

Examples of Multi-Sensor Determination of Eruptive Source Parameters of Explosive Events at Mount Etna

Multi-sensor strategies are key to the real-time determination of eruptive source parameters (ESPs) of explosive eruptions necessary to forecast accurately both tephra dispersal and deposition. To explore the capacity of these strategies in various eruptive conditions, we analyze data acquired by two Doppler radars, ground- and satellite-based infrared sensors, one infrasound array, visible video-monitoring cameras as well as data from tephra-fallout deposits associated with a weak and a strong paroxysmal event at Mount Etna (Italy). We find that the different sensors provide complementary observations that should be critically analyzed and combined to provide comprehensive estimates of ESPs. First, all measurements of plume height agree during the strong paroxysmal activity considered, whereas some discrepancies are found for the weak paroxysm due to rapid plume and cloud dilution. Second, the event duration, key to convert the total erupted mass (TEM) in the mass eruption rate (MER) and vice versa, varies depending on the sensor used, providing information on different phases of the paroxysm (i.e., unsteady lava fountaining, lava fountain-fed tephra plume, waning phase associated with plume and cloud expansion in the atmosphere). As a result, TEM and MER derived from different sensors also correspond to the different phases of the paroxysms. Finally, satellite retrievals for grain-size can be combined with radar data to provide a first approximation of total grain-size distribution (TGSD) in near real-time. Such a TGSD shows a promising agreement with the TGSD derived from the combination of satellite data and whole deposit grain-size distribution (WDGSD).

Operator growth in a quantum compass model on a Bethe lattice

The time evolution of local operators in quantum compass models is characterized by simplicity as it can be represented as expanding and contracting strings of operators. Here we present an analytical solution to the problem of growth of a local energy operator in a quantum compass model on a Bethe lattice. We find a linear increase in time of the average operator length and a diffusive spreading of the operator length distribution. By a moment method we evaluate the local energy autocorrelation function that shows a Lorentzian shape at low frequencies. Furthermore, by a stochastic method we visualize the expansion of the string cloud.

Production of Degenerate Fermi Gases of 6Li Atoms in an Optical Dipole TrapSupported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFA0301503), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11674358, 11434015, and 11974384), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. YJKYYQ20170025), and K. C. Wong Education Foundation (Grant No. GJTD-2019-15).

We report the experimental production of degenerate Fermi gases of 6Li atoms in an optical dipole trap. The gray-molasses technique is carried out to decrease the atomic temperature to 57 μK, which facilitates the efficient loading of cold atoms into the optical dipole trap. The Fermi degeneracy is achieved by evaporative cooling of a two-spin mixture of 6Li atoms on the Feshbach resonance. The degenerate atom number per spin is 3.5 × 104, and the reduced temperature T/T F is as low as 0.1, where T F is the Fermi temperature of the non-interacting Fermi gas. We also observe the anisotropic expansion of the atom cloud in the strongly interacting regime.

Adoption of Cloud-Based Accounting Practices in Turkey: An Empirical Study

ABSTRACT With the rapid expansion of cloud computing technologies, one of the important mandatory services provided by governments is cloud-based accounting applications. This study aims to examine the main factors that play a role in users’ decisions to adopt cloud-based accounting services in Turkey. We propose a modified version of The Extended Unified Model of Electronic Government Adoption (extended UMEGA). The model is tested using data obtained from 391 people. The findings show that computer self-efficacy, social impact, and performance expectations have a positive and significant effect, while perceived risk has a negative and significant effect on attitude. Results also showed that while the confidence in government and trust in the internet did not have a significant effect on perceived risk. However, it did have a significant and positive effect on performance expectations. The findings provide an understanding of the factors that legislators can take into account when developing strategies.

The Portable Ice Nucleation Experiment (PINE): a new online instrument for laboratory studies and automated long-term field observations of ice-nucleating particles

Abstract. Atmospheric ice-nucleating particles (INPs) play an important role in determining the phase of clouds, which affects their albedo and lifetime. A lack of data on the spatial and temporal variation of INPs around the globe limits our predictive capacity and understanding of clouds containing ice. Automated instrumentation that can robustly measure INP concentrations across the full range of tropospheric temperatures is needed in order to address this knowledge gap. In this study, we demonstrate the functionality and capacity of the new Portable Ice Nucleation Experiment (PINE) to study ice nucleation processes and to measure INP concentrations under conditions pertinent for mixed-phase clouds, with temperatures from about −10 to about −40 ∘C. PINE is a cloud expansion chamber which avoids frost formation on the cold walls and thereby omits frost fragmentation and related background ice signals during the operation. The development, working principle and treatment of data for the PINE instrument is discussed in detail. We present laboratory-based tests where PINE measurements were compared with those from the established AIDA (Aerosol Interaction and Dynamics in the Atmosphere) cloud chamber. Within experimental uncertainties, PINE agreed with AIDA for homogeneous freezing of pure water droplets and the immersion freezing activity of mineral aerosols. Results from a first field campaign conducted at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) observatory in Oklahoma, USA, from 1 October to 14 November 2019 with the latest PINE design (a commercially available PINE chamber) are also shown, demonstrating PINE's ability to make automated field measurements of INP concentrations at a time resolution of about 8 min with continuous temperature scans for INP measurements between −10 and −30 ∘C. During this field campaign, PINE was continuously operated for 45 d in a fully automated and semi-autonomous way, demonstrating the capability of this new instrument to also be used for longer-term field measurements and INP monitoring activities in observatories.

Tunable‐spectrum Mn2+ doped garnet transparent ceramics for high‐color rendering laser lighting

AbstractLaser diodes (LDs) packaged with transparent ceramics show the low thermal expansion coefficient and high thermal conductivity, but there is a problem of the low color render index (CRI) owing to the lack of red component in current transparent ceramics. Mn2+ doped garnet transparent ceramics with adjustable color from yellow to red have been prepared via a solid‐state reaction‐vacuum sintering process, which have a high transmittance of 78.6% at 800 nm. Two main emission peaks of this ceramic are monitored at 590 and 749 nm, and the gratifying luminous performance improvement is obtained due to the charge compensation effect, electron cloud expansion effect, and efficient energy transfer. LD system fabricated with the obtained ceramics and blue LD shows a high‐CRI of 80, low correlated color temperature of 4098 K, and good luminous efficiency of 96.91 m/W.