Expanded Opportunities Research Articles

114 Reimagining Entryways: Innovative Apprenticeship Models for New Clinical Research Professionals

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: 1. Standardize pathways, training and evaluations 2. Expose apprentices to a variety of research experiences 3. Remove barriers to hiring early talent 4. Expand opportunities for underrepresented minority applicants to obtain clinical research professional positions METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Collaborators connected by the Clinical Research Professional Taskforce ACTS SIG conducted a landscape analysis survey to identify aspects of CRP Apprentice models and formed a Subgroup. Members will share plans for multiple apprenticeship programs, including specific training modalities and skill sets used to prepare apprentices for a successful clinical research professional career. Methods across institutions include: • Increasing awareness of the profession • Facilitating talent identification for managers • Making the business case for funding and staffing • Implementing work-based learning for fundamental competency development Survey results from CRP institutions demonstrated apprenticeships are value added to teaching how to conduct research. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The landscape survey of Apprentice programs revealed multiple models in use. The newly formed Apprentice subgroup is engaging in analysis and actively working to build a standardized repository of competency-aligned, research courses and experiences for apprentices. Results will help make the business case for starting or growing programs. Subgroup members have focused on a shared goal of expanding opportunities for underrepresented minority applicants, with current outreach efforts that are extending awareness of the CRP profession. We anticipate a continuous strengthening of connections between institutions to share a variety of models to implement, develop shared tools (e.g., proficiency tests), and share existing tools to standardize pathways and training for CRP apprenticeships. #_msoanchor_1 DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Academic Medical Centers (AMCs) need novel strategies to support clinical research portfolios.Innovative Apprenticeship Models improve efficiency and sustainability of the clinical research professional (CRP) workforce to train the next generation of CRPs in an effective and timely way.

Historical Perspective and Current State Review: Advancing Lifelong Learning and Continuing Professional Education in Nutrition and Dietetics to Expand Opportunities, Equity, Access, and Future Transformations

Lifelong learning has been integral to advancement of the nutrition and dietetics profession and its practitioners. Both the United States (US) Commission on Dietetic Registration (CDR) and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (Academy) advocate for continuous skill development and professional growth. Responding to evolving environmental trends and diverse practice perspectives, the CDR joined the Joint Accreditation for Interprofessional Continuing Education organization in 2020, and the CDR is transforming its own continuing professional education (CPE) requirements and prior-approval program. This paper presents a historical perspective and a current state narrative review, chronicling past and recent developments in nutrition and dietetics CPE in the US, including opportunities for reflective learning and interprofessional continuing education (IPCE). Also explored are the establishment and expansion of the Joint Accreditation organization and its standards, as well as applicable case examples. Additionally, this paper outlines the CDR and the Academy’s strategies for advancing inclusion, diversity, equity, and access (IDEA) within the profession and identifies how CPE advancements may facilitate accessible and equitable CPE for an increasingly diverse membership of practitioners. Nutrition and dietetics professionals stand to benefit from a more comprehensive understanding of changes in CPE and the opportunities they may bring to the future of the profession.

PEMBERIAN EDUKASI KEPADA IBU DALAM UPAYA PENCEGAHAN STUNTING PADA BALITA

A child's growth and development may be stunted, which is what we mean when we speak about the concept of stunting. Stunting can be caused by a number of factors, including malnutrition, recurrent illnesses, and/or a lack of psychosocial stimulation. Stunting is a significant problem for the general health of the population in countries of low and moderate income, which have high rates of malnutrition. There is a correlation between growth retardation and both physical and mental health problems, including an increased likelihood of being ill, worse cognitive function, and decreased levels of productivity in adulthood. Expanded opportunities for early childhood education and stimulation, improved access to nutrient-dense foods, increased availability of adequate health care, and promotion of suitable hygiene and sanitation practises are all essential components of an all-encompassing plan to combat stunting. Because of this, the parents of young children in the village of Melati Jaya, which is located in the Rt 001 Rw 001 Semendawai Timur District of the East Oku Regency, are getting counselling that is targeted at avoiding stunting. In order to carry out this action, education was made available in the form of counselling, and media was made available in the form of flyers. The educational events were effective, attracting favourable comments and engagement from the audience members who were the intended recipients of the content. It is clear from a comparison of the results of the pre-test and the post-test that the education provided was successful in raising the respondents' awareness of stunting.

Application of a Model of Workforce Resilience to the Education Workforce: Expanding Opportunities for Support.

The current study analyzed 502 responses from members of the education workforce on the Resilience at Work (RAW) scale and other measures of health and job satisfaction as part of an initiative offering training and technical assistance to support student and staff well-being. A latent profile analysis using scores on components of the RAW identified three resilience profiles: lower, moderate, and higher capacities for resilience. Profiles were differentiated across components related to resilience capacity including alignment of work and personal values, level of social support, and ability to manage stress. Differences between profiles were observed across days of poor physical health, days of poor mental health, days of activity restriction, general health rating, and domains of burnout, compassion satisfaction, and secondary traumatic stress. These findings reinforce calls to support the education workforce through changes that allow access to meaningful work, an evaluation of demands including workload, relevant training on emotional wellness, positive experiences, connections with others, and stress management.

Building the Synthetic Biology Toolbox with Enzyme Variants to Expand Opportunities for Biofortification of Provitamin A and Other Health-Promoting Carotenoids.

Carotenoids are a large class of structures that are important in human health and include both provitamin A and nonprovitamin A compounds. Vitamin A deficiency is a global health problem that can be alleviated by enriching provitamin A carotenoids in a range of food crops. Suitable plants for biofortification are those with high levels of the provitamin A biosynthetic precursor, lycopene, which is enzymatically converted by lycopene β-cyclase (LCYB) to β-carotene, a provitamin A carotenoid. Crops, such as citrus, naturally accumulate high levels of provitamin A and other health-promoting carotenoids. Such plants may have useful genes to expand the synthetic biology toolbox for producing a range of phenotypes, including both high provitamin A crops and crops with unique compositions of health-promoting carotenoids. To examine enzyme variants having different activity levels, we introduced two citrus LCYB alleles into tomato, a plant with fruit rich in lycopene. Overexpression in tomato of the stronger allele of the citrus chromoplast-specific lycopene β-cyclase (CsLCYb2a) produced "golden" transgenic tomato fruits with 9.3-fold increased levels of β-carotene at up to 1.5 mg/g dry weight. The use of the weaker allele, CsLCYb2b, also led to enhanced levels of β-carotene but in the context of a more heterogeneous composition of carotenoids. From a synthetic biology standpoint, these allelic differences have value for producing cultivars with unique carotenoid profiles. Overexpression of the citrus LCYB genes was accompanied by increased expression of other genes encoding carotenoid biosynthetic enzymes and increased size and number of chromoplasts needed to sequester the elevated levels of carotenoids in the transgenic tomato fruits. The overexpression of the citrus LCYB genes also led to a pleiotropic effect on profiles of phytohormones and primary metabolites. Our findings show that enzyme variants are essential synthetic biology parts needed to create a wider range of metabolic engineering products. In this case, strong and weak variants of LCYB proved useful in creating dietary sources to alleviate vitamin A deficiency or, alternatively, to create crops with a heterogeneous composition including provitamin A and healthful, nonprovitamin A carotenoids.

Expand Opportunities, Make Communities Safer

Expand Opportunities, Make Communities Safer

Open-channel metals fabricated by the removal of template wires

Abstract

The Current Status of Self-Employment in Russia and Its Potential for Development

ABSTRACT This article examines the development of self-employment as a new way of working. It is noteworthy that self-employment is a broad concept that is no longer adequately understood by either current regulations or prevailing public opinion, which reduces the effectiveness of state policy governing citizens who have decided to go into business for themselves. Therefore, society fails to appreciate the importance of the institution of self-employment for the socioeconomic development of the country. The authors provide detailed evidence that the modern development of the institution of self-employment is an objective process that is a consequence of changes to the structure of the modern economy: Services have grown to occupy an ever greater share of gross domestic product, workers have gained increased mobility on the labor market, innovations and digital technologies have been introduced on a massive scale, new incentives to work have appeared, workers are being asked to demonstrate ever greater competencies, and there is increasing pressure to optimize production costs. This article focuses on an analysis of the state of the labor market for self-employed workers in Russia. It is noted that despite positive growth in the indicators, legal self-employment in Russia remains extremely underdeveloped. It still needs to develop in order to satisfy the requirements of the national economy, and the types of standards adopted by developed countries do not yet fully exist in Russia. In order to provide expanded opportunities for citizens to go into business, reduce the unemployment rate, reduce the size of the informal economy, and develop the country’s economy, we need to increase the efficiency of regulation by the state. It should be aimed at establishing the legal status of self-employed workers based on a multifunctional criterion, as well as solving certain tactical and strategic objectives. The first set of goals is to establish administrative, property, informational, and financial support measures for the self-employed. The second set of goals is to develop a new economic environment in the country, which will motivate people to practice legal self-employment.

Through Hole Aluminum Fabricated by the Extraction of Lubricated Metallic Wires

Through holes, which provide flow paths for coolants, are useful in the cooling panels of the turbine blades of airplane jet engines and the heat sinks of electronics devices in cars and computers. To date, through holes have been fabricated by the directional solidification of molten metals having dissolved hydrogen, the core-bar pulling method, the rod-dipping process, mechanical drilling, electron beam and laser ablation processing, and other processes. However, the fabricated holes are short and impractical. The aspect ratio of the length to the diameter of holes in aluminum is at most 10. Here we report through hole aluminum fabricated by extracting lubricated metallic wires embedded in a solidified aluminum melt. X-ray computed tomography showed that the through holes are very long with a maximum aspect ratio of 270. The hole sizes range from 102 to several 103 µm in diameter. Furthermore, the present technique can fabricate spiral and V-shaped holes in aluminum, a capability lacking in conventional perforation techniques. Thus, our methodology for producing through hole metals is expected to provide expanded opportunities for technologies such as heat sinks, turbines, biomaterials, and machine tools.

Excellence gaps in education: Expanding opportunities for talented students [Book Review

Review(s) of:Excellence Gaps in Education: Expanding Opportunities for Talented Students, Plucker, Jonathan A., and Peters, Scott J., (2016), Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education Press.

The Veterans Health Administration Precision Oncology Program for Advanced Prostate Cancer Patients: Expanding tumor NGS opportunities to a broader patient population.

193 Background: Progress in understanding molecular changes in advanced prostate cancer has led to promising precision oncology opportunities; to date, most have been concentrated at tertiary research centers and urban centers and unequally available to patients. The VHA is the largest integrated healthcare system in the U.S. and provides medical care to >6 million veterans (~40% living in rural areas). The VHA has implemented a system-wide National Precision Oncology Program (NPOP) to offer tumor NGS testing to veterans with cancer. Methods: VHA patients with advanced stage cancers were offered targeted NGS gene panels (Personalis ACE Extended Cancer Panel; PGDx CancerSELECT/PlasmaSELECT) as part of clinical care. Annotated sequence data is collected by NPOP. We report preliminary findings of the participating veterans with prostate cancer. Results: 372 veterans from 81 sites underwent NGS sequencing of their prostate tumors (n=311) or cfDNA (n=61). Tumors from 165 (44%) were found to have mutations (allelic ratio ≥5%) in 47 genes. Of 372, 62 harbored mutations in TP53 (17%), 9 in NOTCH1 (2%), 16 in PTEN (4%), 16 in AR (4%), 13 in ATM (4%), 11 in BRCA2 (3%), 2 in MSH2 (0.5%), 1 in NBN (0.3%), and 1 in PALB2 (0.3%). 7 men (1.8%) had adequate tumor, but no identifiable somatic mutations. NPOP findings were compared to the existing databases SU2C/PCF (of metastatic biopsies in metastatic castration resistant disease) and TCGA (of primary tumors in localized disease), see table. Findings will be updated at presentation. Conclusions: The VA NPOP has been successfully implemented, and prostate tumors from veterans were found to carry potentially actionable mutations, including BRCA2 and ATM, for which there are precision treatment trials. The program will be expanded and will facilitate more diverse and equitable distribution of access to precision oncology diagnostics and therapeutic opportunities, in alignment with the Cancer Moonshot Initiative. (e.g. VA-ABCD clinicaltrials.gov; NCT02985021). [Table: see text]

Features of activities of civil and military cooperation in the Eastern of Ukraine: composition, objectives and prospects of development

The article analyzes the guidance documents and methodological materials on the implementation of the system of civil and military cooperation in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The main issues of organization and implementation of measures to improve the system of preparation of forces and means of civil and military cooperation in the Armed Forces of Ukraine was conducted. The proposals on the preparation of forces and means of civil and military cooperation system in the further work and directions of their activities were substantiated. The analysis of activity of the created system of civil and military cooperation, substantiation of the task and directions of activity of existing staff structures (units, parts, centers) of civil and military cooperation for appointment taking into account new normative and legal documents and real needs of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and structures of military civilian administrations of Donetsk region and Luhansk region on civil and military cooperation. A system of civil and military cooperation has been created in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, which is the basis of the relationship between the society and the Armed Forces, the executive and local governments on the demarcation line, in areas of military operations and withdrawal troops. Particular attention deserves the work of civil-military cooperation bodies on conducting socially-oriented projects in order to counteract the negative informational influence of Russian propaganda and conducting an information operation. During the information operation, in its interests, measures are being taken to ensure the support of the activity of the Armed Forces of Ukraine by the civilian population, local self-government bodies and the mass media. The said activities are aimed at creating favorable conditions for the proper execution of tasks by military units and units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, maintenance of law and order, counteraction to acts of sabotage, sabotage and terrorist acts on the territory under control, establishment and maintenance of positive relations between military leadership and local self-government bodies, state, private and international organizations and institutions. The introduction of civil and military cooperation has contributed to a significant increase in the confidence of the civilian population in the Armed Forces of Ukraine as an institution of the state, the formation of positive public opinion about their activities in the areas of deployment of military units. Allowed to minimize the impact of the consequences of military action on the civilian population in the area of the repression of armed aggression of the Russian Federation. Expanded opportunities for counteracting the enemy's negative informational influence on the population and military personnel participating in the repression and deterrence of the aggression of the Russian Federation in the East of Ukraine.

Growing in the City: Expanding Opportunities for Urban Food Production in Victoria, Canada

Growing in the City is a municipally led initiative developed to increase the amount of food grown within the City of Victoria. A comprehensive strat­egy to update and expand policies and programs enabling urban food production was launched in 2016. This paper describes the project background, the nature and goals of the policy and program changes, and the implementation process and early outcomes. It focuses on the specific initiatives that enable small-scale commercial urban food produc­tion, and on community programs that support urban food production in the public realm. These programs include community gardens, boulevard gardening, an inventory of city-owned land with community gardening potential, and a pilot pro­gram to plant food trees on city land. This paper explores if and how Growing in the City is achiev­ing its goals to identify and discuss success factors, challenges and areas for improvement. The conclusion provides general observations and con­siderations for the ongoing integration of food systems into city planning.

Exceptional phase-transformation strengthening of ferrous medium-entropy alloys at cryogenic temperatures

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are a newly emerging class of materials that show attractive mechanical properties for structural applications. Particularly, face-centered cubic (fcc) structured HEAs and medium-entropy alloys (MEAs) such as FeMnCoNiCr and CoNiCr alloys, respectively, which exhibit superior fracture toughness and tensile properties at liquid nitrogen temperature, are the potential HEA materials available for cryogenic applications. Here, we report a ferrous Fe60Co15Ni15Cr10 (at%) MEA exhibiting combination of cryogenic tensile strength of ∼1.5 GPa and ductility of ∼87% due to the multiple-stage strain hardening. Astonishingly, detailed microstructural observations at each stage reveal the sequential operation of deformation-induced phase transformation from parent fcc to newly formed bcc (body-centered cubic) phases. No compositional heterogeneity is observed at phase boundaries, indicating diffusionless phase transformation, as confirmed by atom probe tomography. The transformation to bcc phase occurs predominantly along grain boundaries (GBs) at the early stage of plastic deformation. Simultaneously, numerous deformation-induced shear bands (SBs) having stacking faults associated to the Shockley partial dislocations and thin hcp plates, form within fcc grains. Further deformation leads to the intense nucleation and growth of the bcc phase at the intersections of SBs within fcc grains. These micro-processes consecutively enhance the strain hardening rate, which play a key role in the multiple strain hardening behavior. The in-situ neutron diffraction studies make it clear that the martensite formation and the concurrent load partitioning between the fcc and bcc phases play an important role in the increase in strength. Furthermore, replacing high-cost alloying elements cobalt and nickel with iron, as well as introduction of metastability-engineering at liquid nitrogen temperature, distinguishes the new ferrous MEAs from previously reported equiatomic HEAs. This result underlines insights to provide expanded opportunities for the future development of HEAs for cryogenic applications.

Expand opportunities to facilitate communication about psychology

Expand opportunities to facilitate communication about psychology

COMMUNITY CARE TEAMS: BENEFITS TO RESIDENTS AND STAFF OF EXPANDED INTEGRATION OF BEHAVIORAL HEALTH INTO LONG-TERM CARE SETTINGS

Community Care Teams (CCT) are innovative neighborhood based interdisciplinary teams facilitated by a mental health professional and directed at the creation of person-centered behavioral support plans for long term care residents. This model, which is the subject of a recently published book by the American Psychological Association titled “Transforming Long Term Care: Expanded Opportunities for Mental Health Providers”, provides long term care staff with the psychologically based insights, tools and skills necessary to enhance care for residents with dementia. This evidence-informed model has been utilized in a range of long-term care settings for over 15 years and its impact is supported by quality improvement data related to resident outcomes, staff satisfaction, and operational improvements in long term care settings, as well as findings from a recent effectiveness and implementation study. Informed by evidence and implemented through standardized processes that integrate into the daily operations of a long-term care setting, the model provides benefit to residents and staff alike. While this model of care is informed by evidence based approaches and incorporates psychological interventions that are widely accepted as best practice by mental health professionals engaged in serving older adults within long-term care settings, these approaches are not commonly utilized because of limitations in reimbursement by third-party payors, e.g. Medicare. In this regard, the Community Care Team model lends support for a shift in public policy by emphasizing the value and positive impact of fully integrating expanded behavioral health services and expertise into long term care settings. Specifically, through the Community Care Team model incorporation of behavioral intervention, interdisciplinary team collaboration, best-practice based staff training and mentoring, continuous quality improvement, and traditionally-reimbursed psychological services, the model serves as an illustration of the benefits derived via full integration of behavioral health into long term care. In particular, the Community Care Team model has the potential to significantly enhance quality of care for residents with dementia by enhancing the person-centered behavioral support provided by supporting and informing those who provide the 24/7 care.

ESCP International Workshop Expanding roles and opportunities for the pharmacist in optimizing use of oral cancer drugs. 19-20 February 2018, Reykjavik, Iceland.

ESCP International Workshop Expanding roles and opportunities for the pharmacist in optimizing use of oral cancer drugs. 19-20 February 2018, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Research “Expanding Opportunities for Women in Cinema”

The Cinema and Television industry is always dominated by men. Since the technology involved in making movie was complicated and requires hard physical skill men were dominated in the industry. So even the characterizations of women is projected through men perception only. This scenario is still being seen in movies ever since Lumiere Brother invented Camera. Developments in Information and Communication Technology is slowly changing this by opening up the opportune for women from production to exhibition through websites such as “VIMEO”, “DAILYMOTION”, “TWITCH”, “LIVELEAK”, “VEOH”, “BREAK”, “METACAFE”, and the most used “YOUTUBE”. This paper would speak about the changes in film making technology in which it has expanded opportunity for women to work in. How ICT has has changed the technology of film making paving way for women to contribute more in this men dominated media. The digital media has encouraged participation of women in all stages of film making.

Discovery of the fourth mobile sulfonamide resistance gene

BackgroundOver the past 75 years, human pathogens have acquired antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), often from environmental bacteria. Integrons play a major role in the acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes. We therefore hypothesized that focused exploration of integron gene cassettes from microbial communities could be an efficient way to find novel mobile resistance genes. DNA from polluted Indian river sediments were amplified using three sets of primers targeting class 1 integrons and sequenced by long- and short-read technologies to maintain both accuracy and context.ResultsUp to 89% of identified open reading frames encode known resistance genes, or variations thereof (> 1000). We identified putative novel ARGs to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, trimethoprim, rifampicin, and chloramphenicol, including several novel OXA variants, providing reduced susceptibility to carbapenems. One dihydropteroate synthase gene, with less than 34% amino acid identity to the three known mobile sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1–3), provided complete resistance when expressed in Escherichia coli. The mobilized gene, here named sul4, is the first mobile sulfonamide resistance gene discovered since 2003. Analyses of adjacent DNA suggest that sul4 has been decontextualized from a set of chromosomal genes involved in folate synthesis in its original host, likely within the phylum Chloroflexi. The presence of an insertion sequence common region element could provide mobility to the entire integron. Screening of 6489 metagenomic datasets revealed that sul4 is already widespread in seven countries across Asia and Europe.ConclusionsOur findings show that exploring integrons from environmental communities with a history of antibiotic exposure can provide an efficient way to find novel, mobile resistance genes. The mobilization of a fourth sulfonamide resistance gene is likely to provide expanded opportunities for sulfonamide resistance to spread, with potential impacts on both human and animal health.

Economic Development, Mobility, and Political Discontent: An Experimental Test of Tocqueville’s Thesis in Pakistan

We consider the thesis of Alexis de Tocqueville (1856) that economic development and increased mobility may generate political discontent not present in more stagnant economies. For many citizens, as they become aware of the potential for improved living standards, their aspirations may increase faster than actual living standards. Expanded opportunity may then paradoxically result in dissatisfaction with government rather than greater confidence. We develop a formal model to capture Tocqueville’s (1856) verbal theory and test its predictions using a 2012–2013 face-to-face survey experiment conducted in Pakistan. The experiment utilizes established treatments to subtly manipulate either a participant’s perceptions of her own economic well-being, her perceptions of society-wide mobility, or both. As predicted by the theory, political discontent rises when declining personal well-being coincides with high mobility to create unrealized aspirations. The results thus identify the conditions under which expanded economic opportunity can lead to political unrest.