Exotic Nature Research Articles

Susceptibilidad de Leptocybe invasa (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) a insecticidas en invernadero

La avispa agalladora del eucalipto, Leptocybe invasa, es una plaga de origen australiano que afecta a plantaciones de Eucalyptus spp. La especie Eucalyptus camaldulensis es el más susceptible hospedero y es ampliamente utilizado en el mundo para madera aserrada, pulpa y carbón; inclusive, es parte del arbolado urbano, como ocurre en varias ciudades de México. La naturaleza exótica de L. invasa y su desarrollo en agallas, dificulta su regulación natural por entomófagos nativos en este país, lo que representa una amenaza para las regiones productoras de eucaliptos y áreas urbanas. El presente estudio evaluó la eficiencia de insecticidas en condiciones de invernadero, mediante aplicación al suelo y foliar, sobre los estados inmaduros de la avispa: huevo, larva joven, larva madura y pupa, utilizando plantas de E. camaldulensis menores de un año. La aplicación de Carbofurán o Imidacloprid en suelo ocasionó mayor mortalidad en huevo (35% a 79%) y larva joven (40% a 75%), mientras que en larva madura y pupa causó una mortalidad baja (< 5%). La aplicación de Spirotetramat sobresalió en las aplicaciones foliares, pero no es suficiente por sí sola para controlar a la plaga (mortalidad < 40%). Con base en los resultados de esta investigación y los antecedentes de la literatura especializada, se sugiere que el manejo químico sobre L. invasa en invernaderos es factible pero solamente como medida emergente. Esto mediante la utilización de Carbofurán o Imidacloprid en aplicación al suelo alternado con una aplicación foliar posterior de Spirotetramat.

Population Genetics of Narcissus Species Reveals High Diversity and Multiple Introductions into Kashmir

Kashmir valley is rich in flora and fauna that is mostly fragmented. Among various ornamental plants, Narcissus is considered exotic and poses threat to local biodiversity. Neutral molecular markers have been exploited for providing information on the diversity and population structure of various invasive and native populations. In the present investigation, 40 samples belonging to five different Narcissus species were genotyped using 13 random amplified microsatellite markers. Dendrogram and principal component analysis revealed high genetic diversity without congruence on geographical or species level. Analysis of molecular variance revealed maximum variability within (93.49%) the Narcissus populations. Fixation indices at the population level were low except for N. poeticus and N. tazetta, indicating slight genetic differentiation in them. Pairwise FST comparisons between five Narcissus populations were low to high. The high diversity observed in the present investigation indicates that the Narcissus species have not gone through any bottleneck due to either multiple introductions or the presence of these species from decades. To ascertain the exotic nature of Narcissus species, a thorough investigation into the species grown in the valley and Narcissus species grown in the centre of origin based on neutral markers is needed.

The Subchalcogenides Ir2In8Q (Q = S, Se, Te): Dirac Semimetal Candidates with Re-entrant Structural Modulation

Subchalcogenides are uncommon compounds where the metal atoms are in unusually low formal oxidation states. They bridge the gap between intermetallics and semiconductors and can have unexpected structures and properties because of the exotic nature of their chemical bonding as they contain both metal-metal and metal-main group (e.g., halide, chalcogenide) interactions. Finding new members of this class of materials presents synthetic challenges as attempts to make them often result in phase separation into binary compounds. We overcome this difficulty by utilizing indium as a metal flux to synthesize large (millimeter scale) single crystals of novel subchalcogenide materials. Herein, we report two new compounds Ir2In8Q (Q = Se, Te) and compare their structural and electrical properties to the previously reported Ir2In8S analogue. Ir2In8Se and Ir2In8Te crystallize in the P42/mnm space group and are isostructural to Ir2In8S, but also have commensurately modulated (with q vectors q = 1/6a* + 1/6b* and q = 1/10a* + 1/10b* for Ir2In8Se and Ir2In8Te, respectively) low-temperature phase transitions, where the chalcogenide anions in the channels experience a distortion in the form of In-Q bond alternation along the ab plane. Both compounds display re-entrant structural behavior, where the supercells appear on cooling but revert to the original subcell below 100 K, suggesting competing structural and electronic interactions dictate the overall structure. Notably, these materials are topological semimetal candidates with symmetry-protected Dirac crossings near the Fermi level and exhibit high electron mobilities (∼1500 cm2 V-1 s-1 at 1.8 K) and moderate carrier concentrations (∼1020 cm-3) from charge transport measurements. This work highlights metal flux as a synthetic route to high quality single crystals of novel intermetallic subchalcogenides with Dirac semimetal behavior.

ТУРИСТСЬКО-РЕКРЕАЦІЙНІ РЕСУРСИ ЯПОНІЇ

The purpose of the study is to consider the features of tourist and recreational resources of Japan and to identify those types of tourism that are most developed on their basis. Method. The study was conducted in three stages: 1) preparation of the study (problem statement); 2) the stage of accumulation of scientific information: bibliographic search of scientific information, study of documents, main sources of the topic, compiling a review of the literature, the choice of aspects of research; 3) information processing (methods: comparative, statistical, scientific systematization); 4) analysis of the received information (interpretation of results, formulation of the general conclusions). Results. Tourist activity, as the main form of recreation, belongs to the types of social practice with a pronounced resource orientation. It is determined that tourist resources include everything that can be used to meet the needs of tourists. Three main groups of tourist and recreational resources of Japan are identified and analyzed: natural-recreational, cultural-historical and socio-economic resources. Within the group of natural and recreational resources, the geographical location, relief, climate, water, forest, flora and fauna resources and objects of the nature reserve fund are characterized. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the uniqueness of natural and recreational resources is due to the insularity of the country. Based on the analysis of cultural and historical resources, it was found that although Japan accepts Western standards of living, as a cultural region, it continues to be a unique and inimitable phenomenon. The high socio-economic standard of living has made the Japanese one of the most traveling nations in the world. The main socio-economic resources that contribute to the development of tourism in Japan – the level of socio-economic development of the country, demographic and infrastructural resources. It is determined that Japan has unique tourist and recreational resources that determine the specifics of its tourism product. She skillfully attracts them to improve the country's image in the world tourism market. It was found that the country attracts a large number of tourists with exotic nature, cultural monuments and a high level of infrastructure development, especially transport accessibility. It is determined that taking into account the trends of world tourism and the uniqueness of available tourist and recreational resources in Japan, the following types of tourism have developed: health, medical, environmental, skiing, beach, cultural and educational and business. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the modern analysis of the peculiarities of the tourist potential of Japan and the characteristics of the predominant types of tourism. The practical significance of the study is determined by the possibility of using the results of the article, both by travel agencies to form a tourism product and by potential tourists to understand the specifics of recreation in the country, as well as for educational purposes.

Pendampingan Pemuda Suku Tengger dalam Pengembangan Wisata Kawasan Hinterland Gunung Bromo Sebagai Wisata Alam Dan Budaya Suku Tengger di Kabupaten Pasuruan

Desa Tosari Kecamatan Tosari merupakan salah satu kawasan hinterland Gunung Bromo yang memiliki potensi wisata pesoana alam dan budaya Suku Tengger yang menarik untuk diketahui oleh wisatawan baik lokal maupun manca negara. Dengan ditetapkannya desa-desa di Tosari sebagai desa adat oleh pemerintah kabupaten pasuruan maka pengembangan wisata akan semakin siap dan mampu menjadi penyangga / komplementer pariwisata Gunung Bromo yang bukan hanya menyajikan pesona wisata alam saja namun juga ada wisata budaya Suku Tengger yang ada di Tosari. Untuk mendorong pengembangan daerah serta meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat melalui sektor pariwisata dikawasan hinterland Gunung Bromo Tosari Pasuruan maka dibutuhkan keterlibatan multipihak baik pemerintah, swasta, lembaga pendidikan serta kelompok-kelompok masyarakat setempat sebagai pelaku pariwisata. Sinergi antar pihak dan masyarakat khususnya pemuda sebagai penggerak wisata seperti Kelompok Pokdarwis, Karangtaruna, Kelompok Informasi Masyarakat (KIM) manjadi sangat strategis. Peranan pemuda dan kelompok pemuda di Desa Tosari setidaknya menjadi bagian tim pariwisata yang melakukan kerja-kerja media seperti jurnalistik, fotografi dan videografi, serta kerja-kerja kehumasan pariwisata. Untuk mendorong komunikasi kepariwisataan tersebut, telah terbentuk media official berbasis website desa wisata tosari dengan nama www.wonderfulltosari.com dengan tagline Wonderfull Tosari Truly Pasuruan.

Biases in global effects of exotic species on local invertebrates: a systematic review

Historical gaps and biases in the literature may have influenced the current knowledge of the impacts of invaders on global biodiversity. We performed a systematic review and compiled the main gaps and biases in the literature and the reported negative, neutral and positive effects of exotic species on local invertebrates worldwide. We analysed the relation of these reported effects to the biogeographical origin of the exotic species, the environmental characteristics of the invaded area, the trophic level of the exotic species and of the invaded local fauna, and the elapsed time after first introduction. We analysed 1276 publications comprising 2984 study cases. From these, 1786 cases included “control” situations (without exotics) and provided quantitative supporting evidence of the effects of exotic species on local invertebrates. The main gaps in the literature included tropical and arid climates, estuaries and marine ecosystems, as well as exotic species coming from Neotropical, Australian, Oriental, Ethiopian and Antarctic regions. Carnivorous and herbivorous species were underreported as exotic species and as impacted invertebrates. The considered variables were mostly unrelated to the reported effects, suggesting that the effects of exotic species on local invertebrates are heterogeneous and not unidirectional. Many impacted invertebrates were assemblages of undefined composition in terms of the native or exotic nature of the invaded organisms. Further avenues to reduce the identified biases in the current knowledge about the effects of exotic species on local invertebrates are also indicated.

Drawing National Boundaries in Barr’s Ba-Bru Comic Strip Advertising

Barr’s Irn-Bru (previously Iron Brew), Scotland’s best-known soft drink, was promoted by recurrent comic strip advertisements in Scottish newspapers from 1939 to 1970. ‘The Adventures of Ba-Bru’ featured an eponymous Indian character who was joined by a kilt-wearing companion known as Sandy. This article explores how what the firm presents as the longest-running promotional comic strip in history has helped shape the construction of Scottishness in the drink’s advertising. The exotic nature of the central Ba-Bru figure provides a counterpoint to manifestations of local particularism but also grounds the drink’s discourse on Scottishness in a wider imperial and unionist context. The comic strips also generate examples of intermedial transfer that underline the impact of quotidian consumption habits in a national identity shaped by popular culture.

Lasing at topological edge states in a photonic crystal L3 nanocavity dimer array

Topological photonics have provided new insights for the manipulation of light. Analogous to electrons in topological insulators, photons travelling through the surface of a topological photonic structure or the interface of two photonic structures with different topological phases are free from backscattering caused by structural imperfections or disorder. This exotic nature of the topological edge state (TES) is truly beneficial for nanophotonic devices that suffer from structural irregularities generated during device fabrication. Although various topological states and device concepts have been demonstrated in photonic systems, lasers based on a topological photonic crystal (PhC) cavity array with a wavelength-scale modal volume have not been explored. We investigated TESs in a PhC nanocavity array in the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model. Upon optical excitation, the topological PhC cavity array realised using an InP-based multiple-quantum-well epilayer spontaneously exhibits lasing peaks at the topological edge and bulk states. TES characteristics, including the modal robustness caused by immunity to scattering, are confirmed from the emission spectra and near-field imaging and by theoretical simulations and calculations.

Novel synthesis of topological insulator based nanostructures (Bi2Te3) demonstrating high performance photodetection

The rapid progress in 2D material research has triggered the growth of various quantum nanostructures- nanosheets, nanowires, nanoribbons, nanocrystals and the exotic nature originating through 2D heterostructures has extended the synthesis of hybrid materials beyond the conventional approaches. Here we introduce simple, one step confined thin melting approach to form nanostructures of TI (topological insulator) materials, their hybrid heterostructures with other novel 2D materials and their scalable growth. The substrate and temperature dependent growth is investigated on insulating, superconducting, metallic, semiconducting and ferromagnetic materials. The temperature dependent synthesis enables the growth of single, few quintuples to nanosheets and nanocrystals. The density of nanostructure growth is seen more on fabricated patterns or textured substrates. The fabricated nanostructure based devices show the broadband photodetection from ultraviolet to near infrared and exhibit high photoresponsivity. Ultimately, this unique synthesis process will give easy access to fabricate devices on user friendly substrates, study nanostructures and scalable growth will enable their future technology applications.

Perspectives in affective disorders: Clocks and sleep.

Mood disorders are often characterised by alterations in circadian rhythms, sleep disturbances and seasonal exacerbation. Conversely, chronobiological treatments utilise zeitgebers for circadian rhythms such as light to improve mood and stabilise sleep, and manipulations of sleep timing and duration as rapid antidepressant modalities. Although sleep deprivation ("wake therapy") can act within hours, and its mood-elevating effects be maintained by regular morning light administration/medication/earlier sleep, it has not entered the regular guidelines for treating affective disorders as a first-line treatment. The hindrances to using chronotherapeutics may lie in their lack of patentability, few sponsors to carry out large multi-centre trials, non-reimbursement by medical insurance and their perceived difficulty or exotic "alternative" nature. Future use can be promoted by new technology (single-sample phase measurements, phone apps, movement and sleep trackers) that provides ambulatory documentation over long periods and feedback to therapist and patient. Light combinations with cognitive behavioural therapy and sleep hygiene practice may speed up and also maintain response. The urgent need for new antidepressants should hopefully lead to reconsideration and implementation of these non-pharmacological methods, as well as further clinical trials. We review the putative neurochemical mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effect of sleep deprivation and light therapy, and current knowledge linking clocks and sleep with affective disorders: neurotransmitter switching, stress and cortico-limbic reactivity, clock genes, cortical neuroplasticity, connectomics and neuroinflammation. Despite the complexity of multi-system mechanisms, more insight will lead to fine tuning and better application of circadian and sleep-related treatments of depression.

Um “estádio primitivo de cultura”: a perspectiva orientalista de Adolfo Coelho sobre os ciganos de Portugal (1892)

This paper departs from Francisco Adolfo Coelho’s text on Os ciganos de Portugal – com um estudo sobre o calao [The Gypsies of Portugal – with a study of jargon use], which was produced within the 10th International Congress of Orientalists. This event would have taken place in Lisbon in 1892 had it not been cancelled. Our purpose is to examine how Adolfo Coelho’s discourse about the gypsies, which is in line with analogous studies produced in the academic context of the time, relates to some of the arguments developed by Edward W. Said in his Orientalism (1978). This happens either by expanding on the exotic (or exoticized) nature of the gypsies or via a moral, historical and cultural narrative that tends to be selective and through which the facts that more conveniently serve the author are emphasized. In light of Said’s thesis and others that followed, including the analysis of attitudes towards minorities or even the inhabitants of a country, it will be possible to put forward Adolfo Coelho’s study, which is mainly linguistic and ethnographic-oriented, as an example of a construction of the West. This West emerges with self-invested authority to unilaterally intervene in the image and identity of the Other, in this case the gypsies of Portugal

Two-dimensional spin liquid behaviour in the triangular-honeycomb antiferromagnet TbInO3

Spin liquid ground states are predicted to arise within several distinct scenarios in condensed matter physics. The observation of these disordered magnetic states is particularly pervasive amongst a class of materials known as frustrated magnets, in which the competition between various magnetic exchange interactions prevents the system from adopting long-range magnetic order at low temperatures. Spin liquids continue to be of great interest due to their exotic nature and the possibility that they may support fractionalised excitations, such as Majorana fermions. Systems that allow for such phenomena are not only fascinating from a fundamental perspective but may also be practically significant in future technologies based on quantum computation. Here we show that the underlying antiferromagnetic sublattice in TbInO$_3$ undergoes a crystal field induced triangular-to-honeycomb dilution at low temperatures. The absence of a conventional magnetic ordering transition at the lowest measurable temperatures indicates that another critical mechanism must govern in the ground state selection of TbInO$_3$. We propose that anisotropic exchange interactions, mediated through strong spin-orbit coupling on the emergent honeycomb lattice of TbInO$_3$, give rise to a highly frustrated spin liquid.

On a ℤ2n-Graded Version of Supersymmetry

We extend the notion of super-Minkowski space-time to include Z 2 n -graded (Majorana) spinor coordinates. Our choice of the grading leads to spinor coordinates that are nilpotent but commute amongst themselves. The mathematical framework we employ is the recently developed category of Z 2 n -manifolds understood as locally ringed spaces. The formalism we present resembles N -extended superspace (in the presence of central charges), but with some subtle differences due to the exotic nature of the grading employed.

Spin-lattice coupling in U(1) quantum spin liquids

Quantum spin liquids (QSLs) are exotic phases with intrinsic massive entanglements. Instead of microscopic spins, fractionalized particles and gauge fluctuations are emergent, revealing QSLs' exotic natures. Quantum spins with strong spin-orbit coupling on a pyrochlore lattice, for example ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{2}{\mathrm{Zr}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$, are suggested to host a U(1) QSL with emergent photons, gapless excitations, as well as emergent monopoles. One of the key issues in QSLs is an interplay between emergent degrees of freedom of QSLs and conventional degrees of freedom, and we investigate the interplay by constructing a general theory of spin-lattice coupling in U(1) QSLs. We find that the coupling induces characteristic interplay between phonons and photons. For example, photons become qualitatively more stable than phonons at low temperature. We also propose mechanisms to detect emergent photons in experiments such as sound attenuation and thermal transport relying on spin-lattice coupling in U(1) QSLs.

A place in the sun: the British housing market’s (de)construction of Andalusia

Andalusia has become one of the main destinations for British residential tourists, attracted by leisure, a mild climate and the search for a better lifestyle. Prompted by its interest in selling houses, the real estate industry has devised an image of the Andalusian landscape that is, to all intents and purposes, partial and biased. The purpose of this research is to assess the importance of the elements and features that characterise this particular vision of this Spanish region, paying particular attention to more rural inland areas. For this, an empirical study has been conducted based on content analysis of real estate websites targeting British buyers. This study has revealed that: (i) the misrepresented and romantic projection of the image of Andalusia still persists to a certain extent. Among the main elements and attributes that characterise the landscape are all those that emphasise the region’s sublime, picturesque and exotic nature; other main landscape qualities and unique areas, specifically, any that today enjoy natural or cultural legal protection due to their heritage value, are less important in this cultural construction; (ii) the various parts of Andalusia are treated unequally. Malaga province and the rest of the Baetic Mountains are much better represented than other areas (the Guadalquivir Valley and the Sierra Morena mountains). This imbalance sometimes results in a distorted construction of the territory. This way of conceiving Andalusia puts Malaga at the heart of the region, and the further from the Costa del Sol, the more peripheral the regions become; (iii) the complexity of the landscape as a cultural expression is reduced to a set of simplified features that can be easily digested by a social group focused not on experiencing, but on consuming the landscape.

Complete genome sequence of a Passion fruit yellow mosaic virus (PFYMV) isolate infecting purple passionfruit (Passiflora edulis f. edulis)

Purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. edulis), also known as gulupa, is a vine plant of the familiy Passifloraceae, which in recent years has gained importance in the world fruit market due to its exotic nature and excellent organoleptic properties. Although the demand for gulupa in Colombia has increased significantly to become one of the most important fruit exports, the cultivated area has been in decline since 2009 due to the impact of plant diseases. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and cowpea aphid borne mosaic virus (CABMV) are amongst the main viruses found infecting gulupa in Colombia. To further characterize the virome of gulupa, a deep sequencing transcriptome study was performed from a producing region in eastern Antioquia. Based on the results of next-generation sequencing (NGS), we report the genome sequence of a tymovirus infecting this plant. Phylogenetic analysis revealed this virus to be a close relative of Passion fruit yellow mosaic virus (PFYMV), Cassia yellow mosaic-associated virus (CYMaV) and Calopogonium yellow vein virus (CYVV). To date, only a 1115 nt segment comprising the RdRP-CP region of PFYMV has been reported; this sequence shares 84.79% and 95.24% identities at the nucleotide and amino acid levels with the purple passionfruit tymovirus suggesting that the detected virus is a PFYMV isolate (PFYMV_Antioquia). Finally, RT-qPCR and Sanger sequencing using specific primers confirmed the presence of PFYMV in different purple passionfruit crops in Antioquia. This is the first complete genome sequence of a PFYMV isolate reported in the world.

X(3915) as a tensor D∗D¯∗ molecule

Two-photon decays of a tensor D∗D¯∗ molecule are studied and the suggested approach is applied to the X(3915) charmonium-like state under the assumption of the latter being a 2++ molecule — a spin partner of the X(3872). It is argued that the existing experimental data disfavour such an identification of this state. Therefore, it is suggested that either the X(3915) has a different exotic nature or it has to be identified as a scalar.

Size effect on magnetic properties of Zn0.95−xMgxNi0.05O nanoparticles by Monte Carlo simulation

Diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) have been providing a wide research area with various conflicting results of magnetic properties which are generally originated from structural characteristics due to fabrication process. We focused on the size dependent magnetic behavior of Zn0.95−xMgxNi0.05O nanoparticles as a promising novae material introducing room temperature ferromagnetism (FM) at low doping concentrations of Mg+2 and Ni+2 ions. Markov Chain Monte Carlo method based on Metropolis algorithm is used to simulate the system, constructed on experimental parameters such as particle size (D), lattice constants (a and c), uniaxial anisotropy constant (K), applied field (H) herewith doping concentrations of Ni (5%) and Mg (1%). However, we described the system with the Heisenberg Hamiltonian to represent the exotic nature of the DMS type materials since determining the Jij constants by tracing the type of the exchange relation between different types of atoms as reported in former studies. In the light of hysteresis measurements, nanoparticles generated between 5 < D < 15 nm showed strong FM among others. An exciting result is that D = 5 nm, 10 nm and 15 nm curves are so close to be overlapped. Saturation magnetization (Ms) and coercive field (Hc) had peaks of; D = 15 nm remnant magnetization (Mr) increased with increasing D up to 50 nm. Furthermore, D < 5 nm and D> 15 nm sized particles started to lose FM behavior. In addition, magnetic features of Zn0.95−xMgxNi0.05O nanoparticles can be controlled via picking a fabrication method to tune the particle size.

DNA Solvation Dynamics.

Experiments have revealed that DNA solvation dynamics is characterized by multiple time scales ranging from a few picoseconds to a few hundred nanoseconds and in some cases even up to several microseconds. The last part of decay is not only slow but can also be described by a power law (PL). The microscopic origin of this PL is yet to be clearly established. Here we present a theoretical study employing multiple approaches from time dependent statistical mechanics and computer simulations. The present study shows that water dynamics may not account for the slow PL decay because the longest time scales describing water dynamics could be at most of the order of 100 ps. We find that the DNA solvation dynamics is complex, due to multiple different contributions to solvation energy. Our investigations also show that the primary candidates for this exotic nature of solvation dynamics are the response of the counterions and ions of the buffer solution. We first employ the well-known Oosawa model of polyelectrolyte solution that includes effects of counterion fluctuations to construct a frequency dependent dielectric function. We use it in the continuum model of Bagchi, Fleming, and Oxtoby (BOF). We find that it fails to explain the slow PL decay of DNA solvation dynamics. We then extend the Oosawa model by employing the continuous time random walk technique developed by Scher, Montroll and Lax. We find that this approach could explain the long time PL decay, in terms of the collective response of the counterions. To check the nature of random walk of counterions along the phosphate backbone, we carry out atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with a long (38 base pair) DNA. We indeed find frequent occurrence of random walk of tagged counterions along the phosphate backbone. We next propose a generalized random walk model for counterion hopping on phosphate backbone (observed in our MD simulations) and carry out kinetic Monte Carlo simulations to show that the nonexponential contribution to solvation dynamics can indeed come from dynamics of such ions. We also employ a mode coupling theory (MCT) analysis to understand the slow relaxation that can originate from ions in solution due to the use of the buffer. Explicit evaluation suggests that buffer ion contribution could explain a logarithmic time dependence in the nanosecond time scale but not a power law. To further understand the nonexponentiality of solvation dynamics at relatively shorter times (less than 100 ps) we carry out atomistic MD simulations with explicit water molecules. Log-normal distributions of relaxation times of water dynamics inside the grooves may be responsible for the initial multiexponential decay of solvation dynamics. We find that the observed faster solvation of groove bound probe than that of the intercalated probe could arise from the self-motion of the probe.

Natures in Translation: Romanticism and Colonial Natural History

Natures in Translation: Romanticism and Colonial Natural History