Exogenous Ones Research Articles

Muscular Hypertrophic Effects of Oral Contraceptive Consumption in Women

Hormones have several actions in the body; among their effects on effector organs, they can control the volume of skeletal muscle. The excess of hormones, in this case exogenous ones, could be altering the effects of physical exercise on skeletal muscle hypertrophy, especially after the consumption of contraceptives. Thus, we have a general objective in this work to evaluate the effects of contraceptive consumption on hypertrophy in women. We sought an integrative literature review with studies within 2001-2021, using the PubMed and Scielo databases. Seven articles were selected for a complete and coherent reading for the development of this review. Given the studies analyzed in the present study, it was possible to observe that the effects of oral contraceptives may indeed influence muscle hypertrophy. However, it can assist in preserving soft tissues, avoiding the looseness of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). For individuals aiming to enhance lean muscle mass, particularly in high-performance contexts, it is advisable to consider alternative contraceptive methods that do not disrupt the natural hormonal system. In conclusion, the OC user group did not obtain significant gains in lean mass, but their levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), sex hormone agglobulinal ligand (SHBG), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF1) decreased, with increasing levels of only cortisol. Thinking of high performance to increase lean muscle mass, another means of contraceptives that do not affect the physiological hormonal system should be used.

Link prediction and feature relevance in knowledge networks: A machine learning approach.

We propose a supervised machine learning approach to predict partnership formation between universities. We focus on successful joint R&D projects funded by the Horizon 2020 programme in three research domains: Social Sciences and Humanities, Physical and Engineering Sciences, and Life Sciences. We perform two related analyses: link formation prediction, and feature importance detection. In predicting link formation, we consider two settings: one including all features, both exogenous (pertaining to the node) and endogenous (pertaining to the network); and one including only exogenous features (thus removing the network attributes of the nodes). Using out-of-sample cross-validated accuracy, we obtain 91% prediction accuracy when both types of attributes are used, and around 67% when using only the exogenous ones. This proves that partnership predictive power is on average 24% larger for universities already incumbent in the programme than for newcomers (for which network attributes are clearly unknown). As for feature importance, by computing super-learner average partial effects and elasticities, we find that the endogenous attributes are the most relevant in affecting the probability to generate a link, and observe a largely negative elasticity of the link probability to feature changes, fairly uniform across attributes and domains.

Forming a supranational boundary-spanning policy regime – European intersectoral coordination in education and employment

ABSTRACT While European governance of individual policy sectors has received considerable academic scrutiny, less attention has been paid to the development of intersectoral coordination. This paper charts the emergence of a supranational boundary-spanning policy regime (BSPR) in education and employment in Europe. By looking at issues, ideas, interests and institutions, we gain a deeper understanding of the conditions for the emergence and further institutionalisation of European intersectoral coordination in education and employment from the 1990s onwards. The study relies on semi-structured interviews with European policy-makers in education and employment and EU policy documents. We analyse how endogenous and exogenous factors frame (policy) issues that contribute to the emergence and further strengthening of intersectoral coordination, the extent to which ideas for European education and employment stress intersectoral policy designs, how interests support or hinder intersectoral work, and which institutions are developed with an intersectoral reasoning. We find that endogenous forces (rather than exogenous ones) played a significant role in the emergence of a European BSPR in education and employment. Structural aspects and policy instruments (institutions), alongside ideas and interests, then contribute to the institutionalisation of the European BSPR in education and employment.

Unilateral ends-out gene targeting increases mistargeting through supporting extensive single-strand assimilation.

Ends-out gene targeting enables the swapping of endogenous alleles with exogenous ones through homologous recombination which bears great implications both fundamental and applicable. To address the recombination mechanism(s) behind it, an experimental system was designed to distinguish between a possible (but rarely active) unilateral and the expected bilateral targeting in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in which the proportions of the two alternative genetic outcomes are conceived to mirror the probabilities of the two scenarios. The quantitative analysis showed that the bilateral targeting was expectedly predominant. However, an analogous comparative analysis on a different experimental set suggested a prevalence of unilateral targeting unveiling an uncertainty whether the extensively resected targeting modules only mimic unilateral invasion. Based on this, a comprehensive qualitative analysis was conducted revealing a single basic ends-out gene targeting mechanism composed of two intertwined pathways differing in the way how the homologous invasion is initiated and/or the production of the intermediates is conducted. This study suggests that bilateral targeting lowers mistargeting plausibly by limiting strand assimilation, unlike unilateral targeting which may initiate extensive strand assimilation producing intermediates capable of supporting multiple genetic outcomes which leads to mistargeting. Some of these outcomes can also be produced by mimicking unilateral invasion.

Combining an agent-based model, hedonic pricing and multicriteria analysis to model green gentrification dynamics

Household mobility dynamics are a complex phenomenon due to the multi-faceted human-environment interactions involved. These dynamics are affected by a variety of variables, spanning economic, structural, political and environmental. With respect to this latter aspect, much research has explored the relationship between the development of urban green areas, the increase of price and the formation of gentrification. Within this context, the present work explores housing mobility and gentrification dynamics proposing a mixed-method approach that combines a spatially explicit agent-based model (ABM), a Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and a Hedonic Price (HP). The case study of the transformation project of Victoria Park in Brisbane (Australia) is used to verify the applicability of this integrated approach. In the methodological framework proposed, the ABM simulates the housing mobility of the residents through an individual decision-making process, where the likelihood of mobility is based on various empirical endogenous factors (i.e., household socio-economic characteristics) and exogenous ones (i.e., market variation). The MCDA supports the identification of the relative importance of these factors using a panel of local experts and stakeholders. The Spatial HP explores the impact of urban parks on real estate prices. The current study found the abilities of MCDA and HP to reduce the assumptions of ABM by generating quali-quantitative information of citizens' behaviors and estimating price increase. Moreover, the model highlights the importance of considering both supply and demand sides when analyzing gentrification. The specific results of the case study show the influence of the park in the formation of green gentrification.

Population dynamics model for aging.

The chronological age used in demography describes the linear evolution of the life of a living being. The chronological age cannot give precise information about the exact developmental stage or aging processes an organism has reached. On the contrary, the biological age (or epigenetic age) represents the true evolution of the tissues and organs of the living being. Biological age is not always linear and sometimes proceeds by discontinuous jumps. These jumps can be negative (we then speak of rejuvenation) or positive (in the event of premature aging), and they can be dependent on endogenous events such as pregnancy (negative jump) or stroke (positive jump) or exogenous ones such as surgical treatment (negative jump) or infectious disease (positive jump). The article proposes a mathematical model of the biological age by defining a valid model for the two types of jumps (positive and negative). The existence and uniqueness of the solution are solved, and its temporal dynamic is analyzed using a moments equation. We also provide some individual-based stochastic simulations.

Fusion cuisine in the shadow of Mount Olympus: an integrated study of Middle and Late Bronze Age cooking pots

This paper explores the relations developed between Mycenaeans and their northern neighbours through the study of cooking assemblages from four sites in the region of Pieria, in present-day Greek Central Macedonia. A strong connection with the Mycenaean sphere in the 13th -12th century BC has already been indicated through archaeological evidence from graves, but it is the first time that this connection is explored through domestic utensils. Moreover, the four sites cover chronologically the entire Middle and Late Bronze Age – i.e., a time interval corresponding to the whole of the Mycenaean period and the centuries immediately preceding it, c.2000–1100 BC – providing both wide contexts and great time depth. Through a ‘longue durée’ investigation of food preparation using ceramic analysis and contextual associations, we evaluate local and traditional elements of the cooking apparatus vs. new and/or exogenous ones, and identify the time of their introduction. Based on our observations we discuss cultural interaction between the Mycenaean and northern Greek communities as expressed through food preparation, in other words, the transformation of cooking within the specific social and historical contexts of our case studies.

Fast peptide exchange on major histocompatibility complex class I molecules by acidic stabilization of a peptide-empty intermediate.

The cell biology and biochemistry of peptide exchange on major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) proteins are of great interest in the study of immunodominance, which requires iterative optimization of peptide affinity, and cross-presentation of pathogen and tumor antigens, in which endogenous peptides are exchanged for exogenous ones. Even though several methods exist to catalyze peptide exchange on recombinant MHC-I proteins, the cellular conditions and mechanisms allowing for peptide exchange in vivo remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that low pH, as present in endosomes, indeed triggers peptide exchange, and we dissect the individual steps of the exchange reaction. We find that low pH stabilizes the peptide-empty forms of MHC-I that occur as intermediates of the exchange reaction, and that is synergizes with dipeptides and with disulfide-mediated stabilization of MHC-I.

A Comprehensive 2D-LC/MS/MS Profile of the Normal Human Urinary Metabolome.

Profiling bodily fluids is crucial for monitoring and discovering metabolic markers of disease. In this study, a comprehensive analysis approach based on 1D-LC-MS/MS and 2D-LC-MS/MS was applied to profile normal human urine metabolites from 348 children and 315 adults. A total of 2357 metabolites were identified, including 1831 endogenous metabolites and 526 exogenous ones. In total, 1005 metabolites were identified in urine for the first time. The urinary metabolites were mainly involved in amino acid metabolism, small molecule biochemistry, lipid metabolism and cellular compromise. The comparison of adult’s and children’s urine metabolomes showed adults urine had more metabolites involved in immune response than children’s, but the function of binding of melatonin, which belongs to the endocrine system, showed a higher expression in children. The urine metabolites detected by the 1D-LC-MS/MS method were mainly related to amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism, and the 2D-LC-MS/MS method not only explored metabolites from 1D-LC-MS/MS but also metabolites related to cell signaling, cell function and maintenance, etc. Our analysis comprehensively profiled and functionally annotated the metabolome of normal human urine, which would benefit the application of urinary metabolome to clinical research.

Effect of Natural Disasters and Terrorism on Tourism Growth: Evidence from Top Ten Tourist’s Destination

Tourism is influenced by a wide range of factors and forces including exogenous ones that have no direct link to the tourism industry. Terrorism and natural disasters are two examples of such factors. Individuals, organizations and culture, all are affected by them. This study analyzes the impact of natural disasters and terrorism on tourism growth by using a panel data for the period 1995-2019 collected from a variety of sources. Tourism is the dependent variable whereas natural disasters, terrorism are independent and economic growth, tourism employment, tourism investment and alcohol consumption are the control variables of the study. This study used pooled mean group and robust least square estimation. The findings show that natural disasters and terrorism have varying degrees of impact on tourism growth. While there is a positive outcome in some situations, the overall influence is negative. Findings of the study suggest that understanding the relationship between natural disasters, terrorism, and tourism is beneficial to destination operators who are responsible for rehabilitation, restoration, and promotion.

Meta-analysis of diagnostic cell-free circulating microRNAs for breast cancer detection

BackgroundBreast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women. Numerous studies explored cell-free circulating microRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers of BC. As inconsistent and rarely intersecting microRNA panels have been reported thus far, we aim to evaluate the overall diagnostic performance as well as the sources of heterogeneity between studies.MethodsBased on the search of three online search engines performed up to March 21st 2022, 56 eligible publications that investigated diagnostic circulating microRNAs by utilizing Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) were obtained. Primary studies’ potential for bias was evaluated with the revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS-2). A bivariate generalized linear mixed-effects model was applied to obtain pooled sensitivity and specificity. A novel methodology was utilized in which the sample and study models’ characteristics were analysed to determine the potential preference of studies for sensitivity or specificity.ResultsPooled sensitivity and specificity of 0.85 [0.81—0.88] and 0.83 [0.79—0.87] were obtained, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed a significantly better performance of multiple (sensitivity: 0.90 [0.86—0.93]; specificity: 0.86 [0.80—0.90]) vs single (sensitivity: 0.82 [0.77—0.86], specificity: 0.83 [0.78—0.87]) microRNA panels and a comparable pooled diagnostic performance between studies using serum (sensitivity: 0.87 [0.81—0.91]; specificity: 0.83 [0.78—0.87]) and plasma (sensitivity: 0.83 [0.77—0.87]; specificity: 0.85 [0.78—0.91]) as specimen type. In addition, based on bivariate and univariate analyses, miRNA(s) based on endogenous normalizers tend to have a higher diagnostic performance than miRNA(s) based on exogenous ones. Moreover, a slight tendency of studies to prefer specificity over sensitivity was observed.ConclusionsIn this study the diagnostic ability of circulating microRNAs to diagnose BC was reaffirmed. Nonetheless, some subgroup analyses showed between-study heterogeneity. Finally, lack of standardization and of result reproducibility remain the biggest issues regarding the diagnostic application of circulating cell-free microRNAs.

Sandpile cascades on oscillator networks: The BTW model meets Kuramoto

Cascading failures abound in complex systems and the Bak–Tang–Weisenfeld (BTW) sandpile model provides a theoretical underpinning for their analysis. Yet, it does not account for the possibility of nodes having oscillatory dynamics, such as in power grids and brain networks. Here, we consider a network of Kuramoto oscillators upon which the BTW model is unfolding, enabling us to study how the feedback between the oscillatory and cascading dynamics can lead to new emergent behaviors. We assume that the more out-of-sync a node is with its neighbors, the more vulnerable it is and lower its load-carrying capacity accordingly. Also, when a node topples and sheds load, its oscillatory phase is reset at random. This leads to novel cyclic behavior at an emergent, long timescale. The system spends the bulk of its time in a synchronized state where load builds up with minimal cascades. Yet, eventually, the system reaches a tipping point where a large cascade triggers a “cascade of larger cascades,” which can be classified as a dragon king event. The system then undergoes a short transient back to the synchronous, buildup phase. The coupling between capacity and synchronization gives rise to endogenous cascade seeds in addition to the standard exogenous ones, and we show their respective roles. We establish the phenomena from numerical studies and develop the accompanying mean-field theory to locate the tipping point, calculate the load in the system, determine the frequency of the long-time oscillations, and find the distribution of cascade sizes during the buildup phase.

Resilience to Historical Human Manipulations in the Genomic Variation of Italian Wild Boar Populations

Human activities can globally modify natural ecosystems determining ecological, demographic and range perturbations for several animal species. These changes can jeopardize native gene pools in different ways, leading either to genetic homogenization, or conversely, to the split into genetically divergent demes. In the past decades, most European wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations were heavily managed by humans. Anthropic manipulations have strongly affected also Italian populations through heavy hunting, translocations and reintroductions that might have deeply modified their original gene pools. In this study, exploiting the availability of the well-mapped porcine genome, we applied genomic tools to explore genome-wide variability in Italian wild boar populations, investigate their genetic structure and detect signatures of possible introgression from domestic pigs and non-native wild boar. Genomic data from 134 wild boar sampled in six areas of peninsular Italy and in Sardinia were gathered using the Illumina Porcine SNP60 BeadChip (60k Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms – SNPs) and compared with reference genotypes from European specimens and from domestic pigs (both commercial and Italian local breeds), using multivariate and maximum-likelihood approaches. Pairwise FST values, multivariate analysis and assignment procedures indicated that Italian populations were highly differentiated from all the other analyzed European wild boar populations. Overall, a lower heterozygosity was found in the Italian population than in the other European regions. The most diverging populations in Castelporziano Presidential Estate and Maremma Regional Park can be the result of long-lasting isolation, reduced population size and genetic drift. Conversely, an unexpected similarity was found among Apennine populations, even at high distances. Signatures of introgression from both non-Italian wild boar and domestic breeds were very limited. To summarize, we successfully applied genome-wide procedures to explore, for the first time, the genomic diversity of Italian wild boar, demonstrating that they represent a strongly heterogeneous assemblage of demes with different demographic and manipulation histories. Nonetheless, our results suggest that a native component of genomic variation is predominant over exogenous ones in most populations.

Inter-sector Inter-Region Model for Russian Economy: Methodology and Application

The paper presented is intended to analyze an approach to a long-term inter-sector and inter-regional economic analysis as based on an optimization model. This approach was developed in IEIE SB RAS and resulted in several directions of application. One of them is investigation of interactions between a national economy and its energy production segment. The model being discussed includes input-output tables for six regions of Russian economy supplemented with model blocks for interregional transportations. It includes a natural block of energy production, processing and transportation. The last version of this model combines 45 products of different economic sectors including 8 ones of an energy sector (rough oil, gas and coal, two kinds of petroleum products, coal processing, electricity and heat), and 6 Russian macro-regions; it is a composition of two sub-models for 2 time periods: 2008-2020 and 2021-2030. Each of the sub-models treats time changes in simplified manner – it means that all the variables are defined for the last year of the period and the variables of the basic year are fixed as exogenous ones. The dynamics of investments into fixed capital is treated as non-linear functions being adapted with the help of linearization techniques.

Gut Microbiota as a Source of Uremic Toxins.

Uremic retention solutes are the compounds that accumulate in the blood when kidney excretory function is impaired. Some of these compounds are toxic at high concentrations and are usually known as “uremic toxins”. The cumulative detrimental effect of uremic toxins results in numerous health problems and eventually mortality during acute or chronic uremia, especially in end-stage renal disease. More than 100 different solutes increase during uremia; however, the exact origin for most of them is still debatable. There are three main sources for such compounds: exogenous ones are consumed with food, whereas endogenous ones are produced by the host metabolism or by symbiotic microbiota metabolism. In this article, we identify uremic retention solutes presumably of gut microbiota origin. We used database analysis to obtain data on the enzymatic reactions in bacteria and human organisms that potentially yield uremic retention solutes and hence to determine what toxins could be synthesized in bacteria residing in the human gut. We selected biochemical pathways resulting in uremic retention solutes synthesis related to specific bacterial strains and revealed links between toxin concentration in uremia and the proportion of different bacteria species which can synthesize the toxin. The detected bacterial species essential for the synthesis of uremic retention solutes were then verified using the Human Microbiome Project database. Moreover, we defined the relative abundance of human toxin-generating enzymes as well as the possibility of the synthesis of a particular toxin by the human metabolism. Our study presents a novel bioinformatics approach for the elucidation of the origin of both uremic retention solutes and uremic toxins and for searching for the most likely human microbiome producers of toxins that can be targeted and used for the therapy of adverse consequences of uremia.

グリア細胞置換による脳疾患治療戦略

Recent advances in neuroscience have revealed that glial cells play a central role in various brain disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. In particular, microglia play a central role in synaptogenesis and synaptic reorganization/network reorganization by synapse removal, and their abnormalities are closely related to brain diseases. Since colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) signaling is essential for microglial survival, microglia can be removed and replaced by self-renewal by turning on/off an irreversible CSF1R antagonist. Furthermore, the combination of ON/OFF of CSF1R antagonist and microglial nasal transplantation allows for the completely noninvasive transplantation and replacement of endogenous microglia with exogenous ones. In this symposium, we will report the latest findings on the usefulness of microglial replacement as a therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases, as well as its molecular mechanism, by using an animal model of Alexander's disease. In addition, we will provide an example of completely non-invasive transplantation of human iPS cell-derived microglia into the mouse brain, as well as the latest topics related to the creation of microglial humanized mice and applied research using these mice.

Non-metallic inclusions interpretation technique for factory expertise of metal product defects

The technique of processing the results of factory experts’ reports has been developed to interpret the origin of nonmetallic inclusions (NMIs) detected in the defects of a welded pipe joints made of J55 API 5L (22GYu) steel. Thermodynamic simulation was performed to assess the possibility of the indigenous origin of these inclusions. The results of such a simulation were summarized using radar diagrams of four clusters uniting NMIs with similar composition of deoxidation and modification products. More than 130 compositions of actual inclusions detected on dozens of welded joints samples were processed and combined into four clusters in the same way. After a comparative analysis of these two types of radar diagrams, the origin of all clusters of actual inclusions was established, three of which are predominantly exogenous inclusions and the fourth is predominantly indigenous. None of the clusters contains only indigenous inclusions or only exogenous ones. The main source of inclusions in the discontinuities of welded joints is inclusions conglomerates, sorbed on the refractories surface, contacted with molten steel during its ladle treatment and pouring. These sintered conglomerates of indigenous and exogenous inclusions, that form three clusters of four ones, were out washed by the flow of steel melt into the crystallizer during steel pouring. The reasons for the formation of the fourth cluster are related to “cold welding”. The technique is implemented as a plug-in of Thixomet Pro image analysis system and allows to automate the process of metallographic conclusions generation in factory practice, as well as to accumulate all information in a database for its subsequent processing and analysis.

Inoculum Sources Modulate Mycorrhizal Inoculation Effect on Tamarix articulata Development and Its Associated Rhizosphere Microbiota.

(1) Background: Soil degradation is an increasingly important problem in many parts of the world, particularly in arid and semiarid areas. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) isolated from arid soils are recognized to be better adapted to these edaphoclimatic conditions than exogenous ones. Nevertheless, little is known about the importance of AMF inoculum sources on Tamarix articulata development in natural saline soils. Therefore, the current study aims at investigating the efficiency of two AMF-mixed inoculums on T. articulata growth, with consideration of its rhizosphere microbiota. (2) Methods: indigenous inoculum made of strains originating from saline soils and a commercial one were used to inoculate T. articulata in four saline soils with different salinity levels under microcosm conditions with evaluation of rhizosphere microbial biomasses. (3) Results: Our findings showed that indigenous inoculum outperforms the commercial one by 80% for the mycorrhizal rate and 40% for plant biomasses, which are correlated with increasing shoot phosphorus content. Soil microbial biomasses increased significantly with indigenous mycorrhizal inoculum in the most saline soil with 46% for AMF, 25% for saprotrophic fungi and 15% for bacterial biomasses. (4) Conclusion: Present results open the way towards the preferential use of mycorrhizal inoculum, based on native AMF, to perform revegetation and to restore the saline soil microbiota.

Contribution of ordinal variables to short-term global solar irradiation forecasting for sites with low variabilities

The share of photovoltaic energy is more and more increasing in the World energy mix; the intermittence of this production makes difficult to maintain the stability of the electricity grid and the balance production-consumption. Predicting in advance the solar production facilitates the operation of the grid manager. This paper aims to forecast hourly global solar irradiation for time horizons from h+1 to h+6, using two approaches: multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) models. The choice of inputs in these models is crucial for a good prediction and is investigated here; generally, only endogenous data are used (global solar irradiation), the addition of exogenous ones often improves the accuracy (ambient temperature, humidity, pressure and differential pressure) but they are not always available; the introduction of ordinal variables is studied: four ordinal variables allow to introduce the double seasonality of solar irradiation. The performances of two forecasting models (linear and nonlinear models) with combinations of endogenous, exogenous and ordinal variables are compared on two Algerian sites with different meteorological variabilities. It appears that adding ordinal variables to endogenous data decreases the nRMSE values and enables to reach the same level of reliability than adding exogenous variables while simplifying the implementation. This addition as inputs in ANN models decreased nRMSE by 0.45–1.65% points (2.6–6.2%) for Algiers and by 0.2–0.3% point (1–3%) for Ghardaïa according to the forecasting horizon.

A flexible and wearable epidermal ethanol biofuel cell for on-body and real-time bioenergy harvesting from human sweat

Flexible and wearable epidermal biofuel cells (BFCs) that are worn on skin for the direct electricity generation from human perspiration are perceived to be a most enticing and promising next-generation energy source for addressing the on-body energy-harvesting challenge of wearable electronics. Previously reported epidermal BFCs are only focused on the utilization of human endogenous substances ( i.e ., glucose or lactate that can be produced by human body) in sweat as the biofuels for power production. Given the substances diversity in human body, some exogenous substances (that cannot be produced by body) are abundant in sweat in certain daily situations, however, their utility for epidermal bioenergy harvesting has been ignored so far. In the present work, we propose the first example of a flexible and wearable epidermal microfluidic human exogenous substance ethanol/oxygen BFC for the simultaneous sweat sampling and sweat bioelectricity generation on skin of individuals who drink alcohol. Certain actual situations that were associated with alcohol absorption and elimination in human body were considered and investigated for skin-on, continuous in situ sweat ethanol bioenergy generation in controlled environments. Such non-invasive flexible and wearable epidermal ethanol BFC expands the scope of human sweat-derived biofuels from endogenous substances to exogenous ones and holds great promise for the skin-worn and real-time bioenergy harvesting from human perspiration, which may open up a new challenge and approach to explore the human sweat for bioenergy conversion. We demonstrated the first example of a flexible and wearable epidermal microfluidic human exogenous substance ethanol/oxygen biofuel cell through a skin-worn, real-time in situ fashion to harvest the continuous electrical power from alcohol drinkers’ perspiration in different real-life scenarios. • The first example of a flexible and wearable epidermal human exogenous substance ethanol biofuel cell. • The simultaneous sweat sampling and sweat bioelectricity generation on skin of individuals who drink alcohol. • Certain actual situations were considered and investigated for skin-on, continuous in situ sweat ethanol bioenergy generation.