Exit Point Research Articles

Methodology for Developing an IoT-based Parking Space Counter System using XNO

The Blockchain-IoT integration is treated as the future technological value by many adopters despite the cost or complexity involved. But, there are technological advancements brought in by communities that make solutions affordable and simple to the fact that they can be used in applications such as parking space counters. This research portrays use of XNO which is a digital currency in an alternative way to keep track of available parking spaces via IoT nodes installed at entry and exit points of parking lots. The available parking spaces data using this approach can be displayed on LED boards at the entry point of the parking lots and on a website for remote status view. An add-on for this research is the issue of entry tickets with timestamp and unique ID by using the block data during asset transfer. This research can be further enhanced for collection of parking fees by the help of IoT nodes at the exit points of the parking lots.

Monocular Electrical Cataract: A Case Report

Introduction : An electric shock is experienced when an electric current passes through a part of the body from an entry point to an exit point. Cataract is frequently described as a complication of electrical injury and it is usually bilateral. We report a rare case of high voltage electric injury in young male patient resulting in monocular cataract.
 Case Illustration : A 23 years old man was presented with a diminution of vision one year after sustaining an overhead high voltage power transmission wire that stung his head. The visual acuity of the right eye was hand movement dan 1.0 in the left eye. On slit-lamp examination, opacities were presented in the lens of the right eye and a clear lens in the left eye. Being diagnosed as having monocular cataract, the patient was then performed phacoemulsification on his right eye (April 12th 2023). The pupil shrank until 5 mm during the surgery but foldable IOL was successfully inserted in the capsule. The right eye vision was improved to 0.5 one day after surgery.
 Discussion : The consequences of high-voltage electric burns are complex. Electrical shock can cause protein coagulation and cataract formation. Lens manifestations are more likely when the transmission of current involves the patient’s head. Proper management of electrical cataracts will result in good visual rehabilitation if the eye does not suffer additional damage as in this case.
 Conclusion : Secondary cataract formation due to electric injury may occur, therefore routine examinations with the ophthalmologist are needed after the electrical trauma. The incidence of monocular cataracts after the electric injury is rare.

Identification of direct connections between the dura and the brain.

The arachnoid barrier delineates the border between the central nervous system and dura mater. Although the arachnoid barrier creates a partition, communication between the central nervous system and the dura mater is crucial for waste clearance and immune surveillance1,2. How the arachnoid barrier balances separation and communication is poorly understood. Here, using transcriptomic data, we developed transgenic mice to examine specific anatomical structures that function as routes across the arachnoid barrier. Bridging veins create discontinuities where they cross the arachnoid barrier, forming structures that we termed arachnoid cuff exit (ACE) points. The openings that ACE points create allow the exchange of fluids and molecules between the subarachnoid space and the dura, enabling the drainage of cerebrospinal fluid and limited entry of molecules from the dura to the subarachnoid space. In healthy human volunteers, magnetic resonance imaging tracers transit along bridging veins in a similar manner to access the subarachnoid space. Notably, in neuroinflammatory conditions such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, ACE points also enable cellular trafficking, representing a route for immune cells to directly enter the subarachnoid space from the dura mater. Collectively, our results indicate that ACE points are a critical part of the anatomy of neuroimmune communication in both mice and humans that link the central nervous system with the dura and its immunological diversity and waste clearance systems.

Group Dynamics in Memory-Enhanced Ant Colonies: The Influence of Colony Division on a Maze Navigation Problem

This paper introduces an agent-based model grounded in the ACO algorithm to investigate the impact of partitioning ant colonies on algorithmic performance. The exploration focuses on understanding the roles of group size and number within a multi-objective optimization context. The model consists of a colony of memory-enhanced ants (ME-ANTS) which, starting from a given position, must collaboratively discover the optimal path to the exit point within a grid network. The colony can be divided into groups of different sizes and its objectives are maximizing the number of ants that exit the grid while minimizing path costs. Three distinct analyses were conducted: an overall analysis assessing colony performance across different-sized groups, a group analysis examining the performance of each partitioned group, and a pheromone distribution analysis discerning correlations between temporal pheromone distribution and ant navigation. From the results, a dynamic correlation emerged between the degree of colony partitioning and solution quality within the ACO algorithm framework.

Energy potential assessment and techno–economic analysis of micro hydro–photovoltaic hybrid system in Goda Warke village, Ethiopia

Abstract Rural Ethiopia has significant untapped potential for hydro and solar energy generation systems. However, challenges arise from seasonal variations and unfavourable topographic positions of flowing rivers, hindering the efficient exploitation of these resources. Despite the country’s abundance in hydro and solar energy resources, >75% of the population still lack access to electricity from the national grid. This work deals with energy resource potential assessment and techno–economic analysis of micro hydro–photovoltaic (PV) hybrid systems, considered in the case study of Goda Warke village, located in the Yaya Gulele district. A novel framework is proposed that utilizes the Natural Resource Soil Conservation Service curve number method to assess the energy potential of micro-hydro energy in ungauged basins, specifically at the exit point of the Girar River basin catchment. The average monthly flow rate in the basin is 0.975 m3/s, while the area exhibits a solar radiation potential of 5.39 kWh/m2/day. Energy policy promotes expanding access to modern energy sources and utilization of indigenous energy resources. Simulation results indicate that the hydro/PV/diesel generator (DG)/battery and hydro/PV/battery systems are the most optimal choices based on net present cost, with the inclusion of a DG for economic comparison. Micro-hydro energy covers most of the electric load in the area, achieving a capacity factor of 47.5%. The cost of energy and net present cost were found to be sensitive to variables such as the price of diesel fuel, pipe head loss, and the growth of the village load. The optimized system demonstrated a hydro energy potential of 1405.37 MWh/year and a PV energy output of 274.04 MWh/year, resulting in a levelized cost of energy of 0.0057 and 0.049 $/kWh for the hydro and PV components, respectively.

Study of the Anatomical Variations of Spinal Accessory Nerve Seen During Neck Dissection.

In our study, thirty one neck dissections in thirty patients were performed as a part of their treatment for head and neck cancers over a period of one year. In this study, we aimed to report anatomical variations of the spinal accessory nerve (SAN) encountered during neck dissection with respect to important reference points and structures in the neck and correlate them with the length of the neck and height of patient. We preserved SAN in all the neck dissections and studied its course and branching in relation to internal jugular vein (IJV), sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle, greater auricular point (GAP), mastoid process, clavicle, angle of mandible, length of the neck and height of the patient. In 67.7% patients, the SAN was ventral to the IJV at the level of posterior belly of digastric muscle and in 32.3%, it was dorsal to the vein. In all the cases, SAN was found cephalic to the GAP at the posterior border of the SCM musclewith a mean distance of 1.72 ± 0.54cm (range 0.90-3.06cm). The distance between the tip of mastoid process and the point of emergence of the SAN from the posterior border of SCM (Exit Point length) was found to be nearly constant with a mean of 6.35 ± 0.63cm (range 5.03-8.13cm). We also found that there is a positive correlation between various parameters and the length of the neck and height of patients. Distance of exit point of SAN from the clavicle, however, is least helpful. We infer that the GAP is one of the most reliable landmarks for the localization of the SAN, followed by distance of exit point from mastoid process and angle of mandible. Also, surgeon should be aware of the variations regarding relationship to internal jugular vein and branching pattern of the nerve. The exit point should be sought for relatively inferiorly in longer necks and taller patients. SAN has great variations and thorough knowledge of these helps to prevent debilitating sequelae and medicolegal repercussions of shoulder syndrome.

Effect of the chip thickness and the exit angle on the burr formation and break-out of the workpiece edge in the case of milling

The milling processes often cause defects on the workpiece edge, such burr and break-out which significantly affects the part quality. The burr formation can be controlled during the process with the adjustment of appropriate parameters. The planar exit angle (EA) and the exit order have a promising effect on burr formation. However, the accurate calculation of the EA is difficult, moreover, the uncut chip thickness at the exit point also depends on the EA value. The former researches dealt only with the EA but the dependent uncut chip thickness was neglected. The aim of the current research is to investigate the burr formation at the face milling of AlSIMg7. During the research, the effect of the EA and uncut chip thickness is examined as a new approach, independently of each other. During the experiments, the size of the burr and the edge break-out is measured by an image processing-based method. The results showed that the uncut chip thickness at the exit point has a considerable effect on burr formation. Based on the experimental results, it can be stated, that the distribution of burr size and edge break-out is not normal. The behaviour of burr is quite complex and can only be described with statistical methods. The distribution of the examined defects can be approximated by the combination of two or three probability density functions.

Exit point of the external nasal nerve- cadaveric study

This study aims to confirm how the external nasal nerve exits from the internal surface of the nasal bone to the dorsum of the nose and to determine the exact point of nerve emergence by macroscopic examination. Twenty external nasal nerves of both sexes from the elderly and adult age groups were dissected. The exit point of the external nasal nerve, the width of the nasocartilaginous joint, and the inferior border of the nasal bone from the midline to the nasomaxillary suture were measured. The nerve was classified according to its branching pattern. In this study, in the elderly group, the external nasal nerve enters the dorsum of the nose through the pyriform ligament and exits laterally to the nasocartilaginous joint. But in the adult age group the external nasal nerve exits between the nasal bone and the upper nasal cartilage. We observed mainly three types of nerve but did not find any subtypes or variations in the branching pattern. Among this main classification of nerves, more cases (70%) of type I were observed. However, based on our study, we concluded that the external nasal nerve enters the dorsum of the nose either between the nasal bone and the upper nasal cartilage, or it passes through the pyriform ligament and exits lateral to the nasocartilaginous joint. In rhinoplasty, knowledge about the course, exit point, branching pattern, and variations of the external nasal nerve is unavoidable.

Filling in the Gaps. Making Sense of Living with Temporomandibular Disorders: A Reflexive Thematic Analysis.

Persistent, painful temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are challenging to manage and usually require the active engagement of patients. To achieve this, it is necessary to understand the complex and multifactorial nature of persistent pain. Many dental professionals have little education about persistent pain and may prefer to offer structural management and advice. This research aims to explore how people understand their persistent TMD and how this understanding has been influenced by their treatment providers. Twenty-one people were recruited to represent a diversity of experience with persistent TMD. Interviews followed a semistructured topic guide. Themes were constructed through reflexive thematic analysis to represent how people made sense of their symptoms and the messages that they had picked up through their treatment journey. Participants described examples of conflicting opinions and inconsistent management recommendations. They rarely recalled collaborative discussions about the nature and complexity of their symptoms and different options for treatment. This experience is represented by a single theme, "a medical merry-go-round." Subthemes of "a medical journey to nowhere-participants' frustrated attempts to find medical management that will end their pain" and "is it me?-participants' questioning their role in persisting pain" kept participants on the merry-go-round, while symptom resolution and participants' emerging development of a holistic understanding of their TMD pain provided exit points. Understanding pain holistically tended to be helpful and typically occurred despite rather than because of the advice given in routine treatment settings. Participants in this study had not typically found their pain management within dental and medical settings to have helped them to construct meaning and understand their experiences of painful TMD. However, understanding symptoms holistically was experienced as beneficial. This study suggests that improved communication and signposting within services for persistent TMD may be beneficial to patients with TMD pain. Results of this study confirm that being offered a series of anatomically based, singular-cause explanations for persisting pain symptoms had been experienced as unhelpful by the participants who had sought help for their TMD. Participants highlighted the importance of accurate and collaborative communication and of dental professionals explicitly adopting and communicating a biopsychosocial understanding of pain to their patients who have TMD. Results highlight that some people can struggle to manage persisting pain with minimal support. Signposting patients to appropriate services and resources may help them to understand more about the nature of persistent pain and methods of managing it.

Design and In Vitro Validation of an Orthopaedic Drill Guide for Femoral Stem Revision in Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Cemented total hip arthroplasty (THA) demonstrates superior survival rates compared to uncemented procedures. Nevertheless, most younger patients opt for uncemented THA, as removing well-fixed bone cement in the femur during revisions is complex, particularly the distal cement plug. This removal procedure often increases the risk of femoral fracture or perforation, haemorrhage and weakening bone due to poor drill control and positioning. Aim of this study was to design a novel drill guide to improve drill positioning. A novel orthopaedic drill guide was developed, featuring a compliant centralizer activated by a drill guide actuator. Bone models were prepared to assess centralizing performance. Three conditions were tested: drilling without guidance, guided drilling with centralizer activation held, and guided drilling with centralizer activation released. Deviations from the bone centre were measured at the entry and exit point of the drill. In the centralizing performance test, the drill guide significantly reduced drill hole deviations in both entry and exit points compared to the control ([Formula: see text]). The absolute deviation on the exit side of the cement plug was 10.59mm (SD 1.56) for the 'No drill guide' condition, 3.02mm (SD 2.09) for 'Drill guide - hold' and 2.12mm (SD 1.71) for 'Drill guide - release'. The compliant drill guide centralizer significantly lowered the risk of cortical bone perforation during intramedullary canal drilling in the bone models due to better control of the cement drill position. Clinical and Translational Impact Statement: The drill guide potentially reduces perioperative risks in cemented femoral stem revision. Future research should identify optimal scenarios for its application.

Visualization of Large Non-Trivially Partitioned Unstructured Data with Native Distribution on High-Performance Computing Systems.

Interactively visualizing large finite element simulation data on High-Performance Computing (HPC) systems poses several difficulties. Some of these relate to unstructured data, which, even on a single node, is much more expensive to render compared to structured volume data. Worse yet, in the data parallel rendering context, such data with highly non-convex spatial domain boundaries will cause rays along its silhouette to enter and leave a given rank's domains at different distances. This straddling, in turn, poses challenges for both ray marching, which usually assumes successive elements to share a face, and compositing, which usually assumes a single fragment per pixel per rank. We holistically address these issues using a combination of three inter-operating techniques: first, we use a highly optimized GPU ray marching technique that, given an entry point, can march a ray to its exit point with highperformance by exploiting an exclusive-or (XOR) based compaction scheme. Second, we use hardware-accelerated ray tracing to efficiently find the proper entry points for these marching operations. Third, we use a "deep" compositing scheme to properly handle cases where different ranks' ray segments interleave in depth. We use GPU-to-GPU remote direct memory access (RDMA) to achieve interactive frame rates of 10-15 frames per second and higher for our motivating use case, the Fun3D NASA Mars Lander.

Flyover reinforced soil and slope stabilization: Cases in Costa Rica

A reinforced soil structure is the introduction of traction resistant elements to increase the resistance of the soil and decrease the deformation of the solid, improving the structural behavior. In the other hand, gabions are a well known system use from many years ago to solve problems due to slope stability by building gravity structures. The construction of public and private projects proposes great engineering challenges. We will see two specific cases in each area, in the private case the construction of a reinforced soil wall to generate a work platform where water tanks will be installed to supply a housing and hotel complex in the coastal area. For this situation, a retention work was designed and built using the Maccaferri Terramesh System, additionally reinforced with high-resistance Paragrid geogrids, manufactured by Linear Composites. The second case was developed in the public sector, corresponds to an overpass or upper road interchange, on Route 32 that connects the city of San José with the province of Limón in Costa Rica, where a reinforced soil wall was built for a major road junction on the new highway. This highway is very important to get the goods to the port of Moín, which is the main point of entry and exit of products from the country.

Preporuke za dijagnostički i terapijski pristup infekcija povezanih sa peritonealnom dijalizom

Introduction: Patients with end-stage renal disease who start active treatment with peritoneal dialysis have an increased risk of developing infections. Methods: This paper will present information from relevant professional/scientific sources regarding modern diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for the treatment of infections in patients on peritoneal dialysis. Topic: Infections associated with peritoneal dialysis are: peritoneal catheter exit site infections, tunnel infections and peritonitis. The symptoms of the mentioned infections vary from mild ones such as erythema and secretion at the exit point of the peritoneal catheter to pronounced symptomatology in the development of peritonitis accompanied by abdominal pain and elevated body temperature. The most common cause of peritonitis is infection of the exit site of the catheter, and the two main causes of infection are Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. If the existence of an infection is suspected, it is necessary to sample the dialysate for cytological examination and culture and to take a swab of the exit site of the catheter. Treatment begins with empiric antibiotic therapy, then it is corrected according to the antibiogram, and the exit site is treated locally with an antibiotic. If there is no therapeutic response after five days of intraperitoneal therapy in peritonitis, it is recommended to remove the catheter. Conclusion: According to the current guidelines of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD), timely prevention of infections, diagnosis and treatment of peritoneal dialysis-related infections are necessary to prolong patient survival.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ МУЛЬТИАГЕНТНОГО ПОДХОДА ПРИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ПОСТАВОК В ТОРГОВЫЕ СЕТИ

This article discusses the problems of loading vehicles of retail chains that arise due to changes in consumer demands. The authors consider the possibility of using pooling technology in conjunction with a multi-agent approach, which will increase the percentage of transport load, as a result, reduce the company's transportation costs and increase the level of customer service of the retail network. In the article, the authors present the scheme of the experiment, defining the entry and exit points of the model, the initial data and the agents involved in the experiment. The authors present a typical mathematical model of simulation modeling, defining in it the parameters and goals necessary within the framework of the experiment being developed. The authors of the article present the results of an experiment that was conducted based on data from a retail chain with more than two hundred stores.

Hastening Stream Offloading of Inference via Multi-Exit DNNs in Mobile Edge Computing

As the primary driver of intelligent mobile applications, deep neural networks (DNNs) have gradually deployed to millions of mobile devices, producing massive latency-sensitive and computation-intensive tasks daily. Mobile edge computing facilitates the deployment of computing resources at the edge, which enables fine-grained offloading of DNN inference tasks from mobile devices to edge nodes. However, most existing studies have not systematically considered three crucial performance aspects: scheduling multiple streams of DNN inference tasks, leveraging multi-exit models to hasten task processing, and partitioning inference models for partial offloading. To this end, this paper proposes an adaptive inference framework in mobile edge computing, which can dynamically select the exit point and partition point for multiple inference task streams. We design a dynamic programming algorithm to obtain an efficient solution under the ideal condition that task arrival information is known. Further, we design a learning-based algorithm for online scheduling, whose training efficiency is improved based on historical experience initialization and priority experience replay. Experimental results show that compared with the Greedy algorithm, the online algorithm improves the performance on two environmental parameters by an average of 5.9% and 32%, respectively.

Assessment of Environmental Pollution in Mahadev Khola, Tarakeshwor Municipality

One of the Small tributaries of the Bishnumati River is Mahadev Khola. It originates from Ale Danda, and downstream, it gets mixed with the Bishnumati River flowing from Tokha. It is 8.9 km in length and its elevation is 2000. The river's physio-chemical and biological characteristics were analyzed to know the river's pollution status. Primary data were collected from field observation and water sample analysis tests, and the secondary data were collected from the Tarkeshwor Municipality. Data analysis was done through MS-Excel. pH, ammonia, phosphate, chloride, hardness, iron, BOD5, and conductivity increase from upstream to downstream, whereas DO decreases. Temperature, turbidity, TS, TSS, and TDS were higher at the middle point than the other two, and coliform was found in the middle and exit points. Among the three segments of the river, the quality of the source point was good in terms of standards for drinking water. The middle and exit points were in medium and lousy condition, respectively.The principal causes of deteriorating water quality in Mahadev Khola are mainly the free and direct discharges of household and industrial wastes into the river and excessive mining of sand from the river bed. Since the quality of the river is deteriorating day by day, it’s the responsibility of the local government and the people to take immediate action for its conservation.

Modeling of pressure losses in a cylindrical duct with rectangular ribs

AbstractIn order to improve the thermal performance of heat exchangers and air collectors, we insert various forms of artificial roughness, known as ribs, into the useful duct. These ribs promote the creation of turbulent flows and enhance heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation.However, the introduction of these ribs leads to an increase in pressure drop, requiring higher mechanical power to pump the heat transfer fluid. This experimental study focuses on estimating, using empirical approaches, the pressure losses induced by rectangular ribs with an inclined top. The ribs are made from 0.4 mm galvanized sheet steel.An experimental set-up was designed to measure the head losses generated by the ribs, from the point of entry to the point of exit from the useful duct. Using the dimensional analysis method, correlations were established to evaluate head losses as a function of flow regime and rib geometry and configuration (including different geometries for rib arrangement over the configuration area).

Protection of small natural springs with drinking water in Republic of Serbia and Republic of Srpska

A spring is a point of exit at which groundwater from an aquifer flows out on top of Earth's crust (pedosphere) and becomes surface water. It is a component of the hydrosphere. Springs have long been important for humans as a source of fresh water. Springs have been used for a variety of human needs - including drinking water, domestic water supply, irrigation, mills, navigation, and electricity generation. Modern uses include recreational activities such as fishing, swimming, and floating; therapy; water for livestock; fish hatcheries; and supply for bottled mineral water or bottled spring water. Springs have taken on a kind of mythic quality in that some people believe, falsely, that springs are always healthy sources of drinking water. They may or may not be. On the territory of the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Srpska, there are numerous occurrences of small springs known only to the local population who use them for certain purposes. The chapter provides an overview of the territorial distribution as well as the basic established physical and chemical characteristics of several natural springs in selected parts of the territory (Fruška gora, City of Belgrade, Central Serbia, northern part of Kosovo, Srebrenica, Čajniče, Doboj, Kozarska Dubica and Kiseljak).

Improving Turn Movement Count Using Cooperative Feedback.

In this paper, we propose a new cooperative method that improves the accuracy of Turn Movement Count (TMC) under challenging conditions by introducing contextual observations from the surrounding areas. The proposed method focuses on the correct identification of the movements in conditions where current methods have difficulties. Existing vision-based TMC systems are limited under heavy traffic conditions. The main problems for most existing methods are occlusions between vehicles that prevent the correct detection and tracking of the vehicles through the entire intersection and the assessment of the vehicle's entry and exit points, incorrectly assigning the movement. The proposed method intends to overcome this incapability by sharing information with other observation systems located at neighboring intersections. Shared information is used in a cooperative scheme to infer the missing data, thereby improving the assessment that would otherwise not be counted or miscounted. Experimental evaluation of the system shows a clear improvement over related reference methods.

IMPLEMENTASI PENGGUNAAN METODE SHARED STORAGE DALAM PERBAIKAN TATA LETAK PENYIMPANAN MOLD DI PT DYNAPLAST CIBITUNG

In the development of industry and technology, warehouse layout issues have become crucial in manufacturing industries, including PT Dynaplast Cibitung, which specializes in plastic injection production using molds. The current placement of molds in the storage warehouse is suboptimal and hinders identification during the transfer to the machines. This research aims to improve the mold storage layout for better organization and easier identification during machine transfers. It adopts the shared storage method, prioritizing the storage of fast-moving items closest to the entry and exit points. Molds are classified into fast-moving, medium-moving, and slow-moving categories, with fast-moving molds placed nearest to the entry and exit points. Furthermore, mold placement also considers the distance to the machines to minimize transfer distances.