Vehicle Exit Research Articles

Hybrid Residual Multiexpert Reinforcement Learning for Spatial Scheduling of High-Density Parking Lots.

Industries, such as manufacturing, are accelerating their embrace of the metaverse to achieve higher productivity, especially in complex industrial scheduling. In view of the growing parking challenges in large cities, high-density vehicle spatial scheduling is one of the potential solutions. Stack-based parking lots utilize parking robots to densely park vehicles in the vertical stacks like container stacking, which greatly reduces the aisle area in the parking lot, but requires complex scheduling algorithms to park and take out the vehicles. The existing high-density parking (HDP) scheduling algorithms are mainly heuristic methods, which only contain simple logic and are difficult to utilize information effectively. We propose a hybrid residual multiexpert (HIRE) reinforcement learning (RL) approach, a method for interactive learning in the digital industrial metaverse, which efficiently solves the HDP batch space scheduling problem. In our proposed framework, each heuristic scheduling method is considered as an expert. The neural network trained by RL assigns the expert strategy according to the current parking lot state. Furthermore, to avoid being limited by heuristic expert performance, the proposed hierarchical network framework also sets up a residual output channel. Experiments show that our proposed algorithm outperforms various advanced heuristic methods and the end-to-end RL method in the number of vehicle maneuvers, and has good robustness to the parking lot size and the estimation accuracy of vehicle exit time. We believe that the proposed HIRE RL method can be effectively and conveniently applied to practical application scenarios, which can be regarded as a key step for RL to enter the practical application stage of the industrial metaverse.

Improving parking attendants' competency to develop professional staff in the parking sector

The increasing number of vehicles every year requires parking attendants who are professional and competent in managing the entry and exit of vehicles in the parking lot so as not to impede traffic. Aside from having enough parking space, a dependable parking attendant is also required to handle parking effectively. The biggest issue with this community service is a lack of awareness about parking arrangements and safe parking. This Community Service was held in collaboration with the Tulungagung Regency Transportation Service. The purpose of this activity is to develop competent professional staff in the parking sector by increasing knowledge, understanding, and abilities. The methods used in this activity are lectures, presentations, interactive questions, and answers, providing case examples and practice. From the results of the training carried out, there was an increase in the value of parking attendants' knowledge about safe parking by 31.41%. This shows that the material provided during the training can be accepted and applied well by the participants. It is envisaged that this activity will be carried out on a regular and continuous basis, allowing Tulungagung Regency parking attendants to keep their competence.

Mathematical Modeling of a Fuzzy Logic-Based Car Parking System

This paper presents the mathematical modeling of a fuzzy logic-based car parking system. Many people are facing problems parking vehicles in parking lots in most urban cities. The technology of fuzzy-based systems is necessary for all vehicle users to acquire parking slots in cities. A smart parking system helps in obtaining information about available parking spaces, organizing and processing it, and then placing the car in a certain position. The method adopted makes use of a fuzzy-based smart car parking system to develop the usage of small parking spaces for parking lots to allow the parking of vehicles based on their weight. A set of rules was used in the fuzzy logic to control two sets of parking decisions, namely the vehicle entry decision and the inpark decision, by bearing in mind the weight of vehicles and the availability of parking spaces in the parking mall. The results obtained show that the smart car parking system keeps the availability of parking lots in equilibrium, depending on the entry and exit of vehicles. In conclusion, it was discovered that the total number of vehicles granted entry at each time interval depends on the availability of parking lots on each designated floor.

On the cavity flow of a cylinder exiting water obliquely

The water exit of a high-speed cavitation vehicle is a highly complex problem. Especially when the vehicle exits the water at different angles, the cavity shape and motion stability are affected by the air-water interface, resulting in significant changes in the mechanical environment and dynamics of the vehicle during the water exit. To solve this problem, a CFD method based on VOF multiphase flow interface-capturing technique and overset mesh technique is adopted to numerically calculate the interaction of vapor-liquid-air multiphase flow during the oblique water exit of a high-speed cylinder. Based on the verification of the computational model by mesh convergence and water-entry experiment, the cavitation evolution and flow distribution characteristics of the high-speed cylinder during oblique water exit is analyzed. Moreover, the effects of water-exit angles on the surface pressure distribution and drag characteristics of the cylinder are studied. The results show that the fluid at the end of the cavity impacts the shoulder of the cylinder during oblique water exit, resulting in the pressure difference between the upper and lower surfaces of the cylinder, which may finally leads to motion deviation. With the decreasing water-exit angle, the negative peak drag coefficient decreases while the peak lateral force coefficient increases, and there is a critical range of water-exit angel for lateral force and pitch angle variation.

IoT-Enabled Smart Parking: Enhancing Efficiency and Sustainability in Smart Cities

The field of smart parking is growing rapidly and has many potential applications in densely populated urban areas. Internet of Things (IoT) and Arduino-based smart parking systems offer an innovative solution to solve parking problems in real time. Among other things, these systems reduce traffic congestion, improve road safety, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and improve user experience. In this paper, we present a smart parking system that uses an innovative architecture and algorithm to optimize vehicle parking. The system also tracks cars, their location, entry and exit details, and account management. An infrared sensor is integrated into the system to monitor the entry and exit of vehicles. This sensor uses beams of light to detect the presence of vehicles in a specific parking area, allowing for efficient use of available parking space. This project has many benefits, such as optimized space utilization, reduced congestion and pollution, and an improved user experience. The system can be deployed in a variety of environments, including underground parking garages, shopping malls, airports, and train stations.

ANALISIS KINERJA RUAS JALAN KELAPA 2 ENTROP JAYAPURA

Roads are a very important means of land transportation for people to connect one area to another. It also functions and plays a role in improving the regional economy, it is also needed for transportation activities to facilitate the safe and comfortable movement of goods and services. One of the factors is Jalan Kelapa 2 Entrop being the busiest road in Jayapura City because this road is a connecting road for the people of Keerom Regency and Jayapura City. The author conducted research by direct observation to the field and retrieved the data needed to support the research such as intersection geometry conditions, traffic volume, speed and side resistance. The data was then processed and analyzed using the 1997 Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual method. The research was carried out by observing for three days and carried out in the morning, afternoon and evening according to traffic congestion conditions. Based on the calculation results, a solution or alternative is obtained, namely prohibiting the entry and exit of vehicles on the side of the road and imposing a ban on parking on the east side of the road, also obtaining a road capacity value of 1312.84 pcu/hour, DS of 0.76 and FV 28.18 km/ hours, so that the degree of saturation is 0.76, so it still meets the normal limit requirements based on the 1997 Indonesian Road Capacity Manual.

An Efficient MAC Protocol for Blockchain-Enabled Patient Monitoring in a Vehicular Network

Blockchain is an emerging computing platform that provides recording and tracking facilities to substantially increase the security issues in healthcare systems. The evolution of wireless body area networks requires the continuous monitoring of the health parameters of traveling patients while traveling on road. The health parameter data of each patient are sent to the Road Side Units (RSUs) for generating the blocks by computing the required hash functions. A major challenge in such a network is to efficiently exchange the data blocks between mining RSUs and vehicles using a medium access protocol with a reduced number of collisions. The medium access problem becomes more challenging due to the vehicle mobility, high vehicle density and the varying nature of the data generated by the vehicles. In this work, a TDMA-based MAC protocol to meet an Adaptive Patients Data traffic for Vehicular Network (TAPDVN) is proposed. TAPDVN is specifically designed for patients in a vehicular network by considering the frequent entry and exit of vehicles in a mining node’s coverage area. It allows mining nodes to adjust time slots according to the sensitive patient’s data and allows the maximum number of patient vehicular nodes by considering their sensitivity to send their data in a session to compute their hash values accordingly. Simulation results verify that the proposed scheme accommodates the maximum number of high-risk patient data and improves bandwidth utilization by 20%.

Control and Reorganization of Heterogeneous Vehicle Platoons after Vehicle Exits and Entrances

Control and Reorganization of Heterogeneous Vehicle Platoons after Vehicle Exits and Entrances

MULTI-STORY AND INTELLIGENT CAR PARKING SYSTEM

Abstract— The proposed work implements a 8 bit controller based multi-storey car parking system. This work aimed to make the current vehicle parking technique increasingly advantageous, easy to use, programmed and least human mediation. The central part of this system is a 8 bit microcontroller which takes care of parking and exit of vehicles. There are totally 3 floors (floor 0, 1 and 2) each containing 8 slots (slot 0 to slot 7) for parking of cars. Cars are carried to the available free slots in any floor by means of 2 motors controlled by the P89v51rd2(8051 microcontroller). LCD displays the user instructions, messages and status of the system at different conditions. Keypad is provided for entering parking or taking out option. One IR sensor is used to detect the floor number by sensing the IR signal from the IR transmitters located in each floor. The user is provided with the facility of pre-booking or reservation of slots using GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications).

The Influence of Side Friction on Speed-Mixed Flow Behavior on Arterial Roads in Tourism Area in Bali

The arterial roads in tourism areas show a lack of control over activities that occur on the arterial roadsides. This study constructs a speed-flow behavior model to analyze the influence of side friction events under mixed traffic flows on arterial road performances in Bali. This event is dominated by the entry and exit of vehicles from road access points. The study results show that in friction conditions, the speed of the motorcycle is significantly affected by the presence and speed of other motorcycles and light vehicles, but in base conditions, it is significantly affected by the presence and speed of all types of vehicles. Meanwhile, the speed of light vehicles is significantly influenced by the presence and speed of motorcycles and other light vehicles. A further study is required to analyze the influence of motorized vehicles on the selection of heavy vehicle speed on arterial roads. Due to side frictions, a decrease in road capacity (pcu/hour) was found between 14.37% and 26.60% while a decrease in speed was between 13.79% and 76.19%. These show a significant side friction problem on arterial roads in tourism areas. The road control policy, particularly on roadside access is needed for these arterial roads.

Field measurement of indoor environment of underground garage in winter and analysis of its influence on people

Since the National Fitness has become a national strategy, people’s enthusiasm for fitness has also been increasing. When winter comes, the outdoor temperature becomes unsuitable for people to carry out exercise activities. Therefore, more community residents choose underground garages as a place for fitness activities. Due to the frequently entry and exit of vehicles and ventilation restrictions in the underground garage, whether the internal air quality in an underground garage meets the requirements of personnel activities remains to be studied. In this study, an underground garage in a residential area of Jinan was tested. The parameters involved CO2, CO, PM2.5, temperature and relative humidity. Select areas where people often gather for measurement. According to the test results, the distribution of CO2, CO, PM2.5, temperature and relative humidity in the underground garage were quantitatively analyzed. It is found that the air quality in some areas of the underground garage is poor, and long-term activities in this environment will affect people’s health. To solve this problem, in this study, the area with relatively good air quality in the underground garage is found to provide personnel activities, and the optimization measu.res of winter ventilation in the underground garage were put forward.

Real-Time Evaluation Method of Vehicle Conflict Risk on Urban Expressway Based on Smartphone GPS Data

To effectively evaluate the traffic safety risk of urban expressways in real time and ensure their traffic safety and smoothness, a real-time evaluation method of vehicle conflict risk of an urban expressway based on smartphone GPS data was proposed. We screened and processed smartphone GPS data to obtain vehicle behavior data, including acceleration and angular acceleration, and road state data, including average vehicle speed. Urban expressways were divided into four categories, closed straight section, closed curve section, vehicle entry section, and vehicle exit section; the evaluation indexes of abnormal vehicle behavior were established. Based on the improved entropy weight method, the vehicle conflict risk entropy was established to distribute the weight of different types of abnormal behaviors of vehicles. The evaluation system of vehicle conflict risk entropy was applied to the vehicle behavior data. Urban Expressways with more abnormal vehicle behavior were obtained to evaluate the risk of vehicle conflict in real time. The results showed that the easily obtained smartphone GPS data may be effectively used to analyze the abnormal behavior of vehicles, identify vehicle conflict risk points hidden in urban expressways in real time to provide effective methods for batch and dynamic real-time evaluations of vehicle conflict risks on urban expressways, and improve the traffic safety service level of urban expressways.

Dynamic Research Based on the Width and Height of Prefabricated Concrete Anti-collision Wall

Aiming at the problem that there is no uniform requirement for the section height of the prefabricated concrete anti-collision wall, the critical height of the prefabricated concrete anti-collision wall during design and installation cannot be confirmed. The co-simulation method of LS-DYNA and Hypermesh is used based on the common anti-collision on the market. Five finite element models of concrete anti-collision walls with different heights and widths were established for the wall, and common cars were used to simulate their collisions. The three indicators of vehicle turning, seat position acceleration, and vehicle exit angle are selected to evaluate the anti-collision performance of the anti-collision wall. The research results show that increasing the height of the anti-collision wall can significantly increase the anti-collision performance of the anti-collision wall when the width of the anti-collision wall is constant and the position is fixed.

Road barriers: modern solutions for improving traffic safety

Improving the system of preventive measures aimed at reducing the severity of the consequences of road accidents is an urgent task. Road deaths are constantly increasing and there is a need for a comprehensive approach to creating safe road conditions. The purpose of this study is to analyze the promising designs of road barriers designed to prevent uncontrolled exit of vehicles from the roadway of the highway and to develop the design of energy-absorbing fencing. Barrier barriers must not only be safe for road users, but must also ensure their safety, as well as preserve the elements after hitting the fence. Analytical studies have shown that in order to reduce mechanical damage to vehicles and reduce the severity of injuries to the driver and passengers, it is necessary to develop a road fence design that allows you to extinguish the impact energy at the moment of contact between the car and the fence. Keywords: fencing, barrier, safety, traffic accident

Influence of Wearing Ballistic Vests on Physical Performance of Danish Police Officers: A Cross-Over Study.

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the influence of wearing a ballistic vest on physical performance in police officers. Methods: We performed a cross-over study to investigate the influence of wearing a ballistic vest on reaction and response time, lumbar muscle endurance and police vehicle entry and exit times. Reaction and response time was based on a perturbation setup where the officers’ pelvises were fixed and EMG of lumbar and abdominal muscles was recorded. We used a modified Biering–Sørensen test to assess the lumbar muscle endurance and measured duration of entry and exit maneuvers in a variety of standard-issue police cars. Results: There was a significant difference of 24% in the lumbar muscle endurance test (no vest: 151 s vs. vest: 117 s), and the police officers experienced higher physical fatigue after the test when wearing a vest. Furthermore, officers took longer to both enter and exit police cars when wearing a vest (range: 0.24–0.56 s) depending on the model of the vehicle. There were no significant differences in reaction and response times between the test conditions (with/without vest). Discussion and Conclusion: Wearing of a ballistic vest significantly influenced the speed of movement in entry and exit of police cars and lumbar muscle endurance, although it does not seem to affect reaction or response times. The ballistic vest seems to impair performance of tasks that require maximal effort, which calls for better designs of such vests.

Assessing the drivers of changes in aggregate fuel economy in Massachusetts: The role of vehicle reallocation

The U.S. state of Massachusetts has experienced a significant decrease in transport emissions along with an increasing vehicle population in recent years. Given the dominant share of fossil fuel vehicles, this divergence with emissions may be due to the changes in fuel economy. This paper seeks to quantify the aggregate fuel economy, its driving factors, and the corresponding changes in Massachusetts using comprehensive microdata from the Massachusetts Vehicle Census over the period 2008q1 – 2014q4. First, this paper develops an indicator of aggregate fuel economy that incorporates both individual fuel economy and vehicle usage. Next, it decomposes the time series of aggregate fuel economy into an unweighted average fuel economy and a covariance term and subsequently decomposes the growth in aggregate fuel economy into within, between, entry, and exit effects. The results show an improvement in aggregate fuel economy over the research period with an average quarterly growth of 0.63 percent. Furthermore, the results highlight the important role of reallocation of vehicles (entry and exit of vehicles) as it contributed the most (approximately 8.41 percent) to the growth of aggregate fuel economy.

License plate recognition for campus auto-gate system

<p><span>Automatic licence plate recognition (LPR) has been a subject of study for the last few decades. Considering the recent advancements in machine learning methods and portable devices, this increasingly attracting researchers’ interest to provide more reliable LPR systems. Several LPR techniques have been reported in the literature in different intelligent transportation applications and surveillance systems, and yet a ropust LPR system remains a challenging research task. Because the performance of current techniques is subject to several factors and local conditions, this paper aims to explore the use of LPR in a specific application; i.e. Automatic plate recognition to monitor the entry and exit of vehicles at the university campus gates. Implementing an auto-gate system is an important application for a smooth control of flowing traffic especially during peak hours. We propose an automated system with the ability to capture, verify and recognize the license plates using image processing-based techniques. The system is aimed to work alongside existing access cards and other gate remote controls. Experimental evaluation of the system reveals a detection accuracy of 91.58%, a successful plate number segmentation rate of 91% and 80% accuracy of plate recognition.</span></p>

Sistema Automatizado de Estacionamiento para Patentes Argentinas

El mercado global de soluciones inteligentes para estacionamiento está en auge siendo altamente competitivo debido principalmente al crecimiento del parque automotor. En Argentina aún prevalece la operatoria manual. Este trabajo presenta el Sistema Automatizado de Estacionamiento (SAE), diseñado y desarrollado en su versión prototipo para una empresa privada, para controlar y gestionar el ingreso, egreso y estadía de vehículos en playas de estacionamiento. El sistema cuenta con un módulo de reconocimiento de patentes vigentes en Argentina, la placa principal que permite conectar la unidad central del sistema con los periféricos como detectores magnéticos, barreras de acceso y barreras infrarrojas, y una base de datos que almacena información necesaria para la gestión del estacionamiento. Se contemplan usuarios abonados y no abonados y tarifas para distintos tipos de vehículo, para lo cual se implementa un sistema para la detección de tamaño. El SAE maneja casos de fallo tanto de hardware como del sistema y situaciones de excepción. Se contemplan además vías de ingreso y egreso con entrada y salida de vehículos en simultáneo.

Traffic engineering simulation of campus area transportation using MATLAB SimEvents

Traffic Congestion occurs because of the high number of transportation equipment that is not proportional to the limited capacity of the highway. This condition often occurs in densely populated areas with high levels of community mobilization. This situation generally occurs in the campus environment. The smooth traffic system in the campus environment is one of the parameters of the orderly traffic community, besides the feasibility of facilities and the capacity of the highway around the campus. Traffic jams around the campus generally occur because of various campus activities including crossing the road, parking vehicles, and others. This congestion is also influenced by activities outside the campus such as the entry and exit of vehicles to an agency, the number of public vehicles that pass, and others. In this paper a number of alternative solutions are proposed for solving congestion problems through a traffic engineering simulation and run using the SimEvents MATLAB application. It is hoped that this method can be obtained and evaluated analytically regarding the accuracy, effectiveness and efficiency of the traffic engineering. The traffic engineering simulation was built based on queuing model.

BENEFIT EVALUATION OF REST AREAS IN THE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY NETWORK Case Study Cikopo Palimanan (Cipali) Rest Areas

Cikampek-Palimanan so called Toll Cipali is a part of trans-Java network, also the longest road in Indonesia along 116.75 km. In Government Regulation No. 15 of 2005, among others, set on every intercity toll roads are equipped with rest area (rest area ) and services for the benefit highway users. The presence of the rest area is expected to solve the congestion concentration in one point (the toll booth), so that the process to unravel congestion during peak times is more easily implemented. This study aimed to get an idea of the importance of rest area along the Cipali road in meeting basic needs and expectations of users of toll roads and his contribution to unravel congestion along cikampek-palimanan toll road. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approaches. The types and sources of data, namely primary data by observation in the field and interviews or questionnaires to users and managers rest area cikampek-palimanan toll road km 130 and km 166. The scope of the research starts from the inventory results of studies that have been done before, inventory management policies toll road, inventory management policies rest area , rest area existing capacity analysis, analysis based on rest area user expectations, analysis of toll road management policy, analysis of management policies rest area , conclusions and recommendations. The result is that level of expediency rest area km 130 states that the benefit level is moderate and the rest area at km 166 expressed high level of expediency rest area . The average vehicle entry / min at rest area KM 130 is 1.23 vehicle / min, and the vehicle exit is as much as 1:29 vehicle / min. With an average duration of parking per vehicle for 24 minutes. The average vehicle entry / min at rest area 166 is 2 vehicles / minute, and the vehicle exit is as much as 1 vehicle / min. With an average duration of parking per vehicle for 39 minutes. Location of the rest area to another rest area along cikampek-palimanan toll road has been compliance with applicable laws, less than 50 kilometers (farthest distance is 28.4 km from the rest area rest area km 102 to km 130). Locations rest area KM 130 and 166 toward palimanan based Technical Guidelines How Siting Rest in Highway No.037 / T / BM / 1999, already exceeding the positioning or the distance from the toll gate to the facility location based fatigue resting place for driver, which is 20.3 km (rest area km 130) and 8.7 km (rest area km 166).