Existing Technology Acceptance Models Research Articles

A longitudinal model of continued acceptance of conversational artificial intelligence

PurposeThe existing technology acceptance models have not yet investigated functional and motivational factors impacting trust in and use of conversational artificial intelligence (AI) by integrating the feedback and sequential updating mechanisms. This study challenged the existing models and constructed an integrated longitudinal model. Using a territory-wide two-wave survey of a representative sample, this new model examined the effects of hedonic motivation, social motivation, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness on continued trust, intended use, and actual use of conversational AI.Design/methodology/approachAn autoregressive cross-lagged model was adopted to test the structural associations of the seven repeatedly measured constructs.FindingsThe results revealed that trust in conversational AI positively affected continued actual use, hedonic motivation increased continued intended use, and social motivation and perceived ease of use enhanced continued trust in conversational AI. While the original technology acceptance model was unable to explain the continued acceptance of conversational AI, the findings showed positive feedback effects of actual use on continued intended use. Except for trust, the sequential updating effects of all the measured factors were significant.Originality/valueThis study intended to contribute to the technology acceptance and human–AI interaction paradigms by developing a longitudinal model of continued acceptance of conversational AI. This new model adds to the literature by considering the feedback and sequential updating mechanisms in understanding continued conversational AI acceptance.

Informing existing technology acceptance models: a qualitative study with older persons and caregivers

New technologies can help older persons age in place and support their caregivers. However, they need to be accepted by the end-users to do so. Technology acceptance models, such as TAM and UTAUT and their extensions, use factors like performance expectancy and effort expectancy to explain acceptance. Furthermore, they are based on quantitative methods. Our qualitative study investigates factors fostering and hindering acceptance among older persons and their caregivers for a variety of assistive technologies, including wearables, ambient sensors at home with and without cameras and social companion robots. The goal of this paper is twofold: On the one hand, it investigates the factors of technology acceptance models in a qualitative setting. On the other hand, it informs these models with aspects currently overlooked by them. The results reveal that performance expectancy and effort expectancy are relevant for acceptance. We also find that reliability, anxiety around technology and different social aspects have an influence on acceptance of assistive technology in aged care for all end-user groups. Our findings can be used to update current technology acceptance models and provide in-depth knowledge about the currently used factors.

Assessing virtual reality acceptance in long-term care facilities: a quantitative study with older adults

Purpose Our study aimed to investigate the factors associated with the acceptance of virtual reality (VR) games among older adults living in LTC, with a particular emphasis on identifying social and individual factors that have been overlooked in existing technology acceptance models. Materials and methods We conducted VR gaming sessions, followed by a composite questionnaire to explore the factors associated with the acceptance of VR games among residents of LTC with a focus on technology acceptance models (TAM) and social factors derived from Selective Optimization with Compensation (SOC) theory and Socioemotional Selectivity Theory (SST). Results We studied 20 older adults aged 65 and older. Participants were moderately sedentary, with the majority of them having prior gaming experience. Participants with prior gaming experience had higher mean scores in most SOC theory and SST subscales, except for elective selection. Participants perceived the technology as useful and easy to use, with no heightened gaming-related anxiety. Significant correlations were found between perceived ease of use and selection strategies, and between attitudes towards gaming and elective selection strategies. No significant score differences were observed between male and female participants. Conclusions The positive correlation between VR acceptance and using SOC strategies suggests a positive response to straightforward experiences. Our study highlights VR exergaming’s potential benefits for encouraging LTC residents’ engagement in valued activities and pursuing goals. Moreover, social theories of aging can inform technology acceptance and guide the design and marketing of VR exergames to better suit older adults’ needs and preferences in LTC. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION The findings of this study have important implications for rehabilitation programs aimed at enhancing physical activity (PA) and engagement among older adults living in long-term care (LTC) facilities. The use of virtual reality (VR) games can be an important tool to promote PA and improve the overall well-being of LTC residents. Based on the results, the following implications can be drawn: Integrating VR exergaming in rehabilitation: The positive perception of VR technology’s usefulness and ease of use among older adults in LTC suggests that VR exergaming can be effectively integrated into rehabilitation programs. Healthcare professionals and rehabilitation specialists in LTC facilities can consider incorporating VR-based exercise routines and gaming sessions to motivate and engage residents in physical activities. By doing so, they can create enjoyable and interactive rehabilitation experiences that may lead to improved adherence to exercise regimens. Addressing social factors for VR acceptance: Our study highlights the significance of social factors derived from theories of aging, such as Selective Optimization with Compensation (SOC) and Socioemotional Selectivity Theory (SST), in influencing VR acceptance among LTC residents. Rehabilitation programs should take into account these social aspects and create a supportive and encouraging environment for older adults to engage with VR exergames. Encouraging social interactions and providing opportunities for residents to share their experiences with VR gaming may enhance acceptance and overall engagement. Tailoring VR exergames for older adults: The correlation between VR acceptance and the use of SOC strategies indicates that customized experiences may be well-received by LTC residents. Game developers and rehabilitation specialists should consider designing VR exergames that align with the specific preferences and needs of older adults. This could involve providing choices and options for users to optimize their gaming experiences based on their individual abilities and interests. Recognizing gaming experience: Our study highlights that prior gaming experience positively influenced participants’ attitudes towards VR gaming. Rehabilitation professionals should acknowledge and leverage this prior experience when introducing VR exergaming to older adults in LTC. By incorporating elements familiar to older adults or providing guidance for those new to gaming, rehabilitation programs can foster a more seamless and enjoyable transition to VR exergames. Promoting goal pursuit and valued activities: Our study suggests that VR exergaming has the potential to encourage LTC residents’ engagement in valued activities and goal pursuit. Rehabilitation programs can utilize VR exergaming as a means to help residents achieve specific rehabilitation goals and engage in activities that are meaningful to them. This approach can contribute to a sense of purpose and satisfaction in the rehabilitation process. Overall, the integration of VR exergaming in rehabilitation for older adults in LTC facilities has promising implications for improving physical activity levels, enhancing engagement, and addressing the holistic well-being of residents. By considering the social factors influencing VR acceptance and tailoring experiences to individual preferences, rehabilitation professionals can optimize the potential benefits of VR technology in LTC settings.

The mobile augmented reality acceptance model for teachers and future teachers

This study examines the factors that affect pre-service and in-service teachers’ intention to use Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) in their teaching through the proposed Mobile Augmented Reality Acceptance Model (MARAM). The MARAM builds on the existing Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to incorporate four other components namely perceived relative advantage, perceived enjoyment, facilitating conditions, and mobile self-efficacy. In addition, this study investigates the validity of the MARAM. Data were collected from 137 pre-service and 169 in-service teachers who completed a questionnaire after having developed their own MAR applications during an undergraduate university course and a training seminar, respectively. Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis was conducted separately for each group, as well as for both samples together. We also conducted a multi-group analysis to examine differences across the two samples. The results for both samples together (N = 306), showed that intention was affected by attitude, perceived usefulness and facilitating conditions. In turn, attitude was affected by perceived enjoyment and perceived usefulness. Perceived usefulness was affected by perceived enjoyment and perceived relative advantage. Perceived ease of use was affected by mobile self-efficacy and facilitating conditions. However, perceived ease of use did not affect perceived usefulness or attitude. A multi-group analysis conducted on the sample of pre-service and in-service teachers produced similar results, with minor differentiations. These results have implications for the use of MAR in research and schools, as well as technology acceptance models in education.

Digital Marketing Literacy as A Mediation of Online Business Readiness Influenced by Entrepreneurship Education (Study on Business Operators in Malang Raya)

The current post-pandemic situation of COVID-19 presents challenges for business actors as well as challenges for the state to maintain the existence of the economy. There are many sectors of the domestic and global economy that are affected. The impact of the pandemic has been most felt in the micro, small and medium enterprise (MSMEs) sector. This is what makes the condition of MSMEs and micro and small entrepreneurs, especially in Malang Raya, paralyzed and decreased. If the country wants its economy to progress, it is important to increase businesspeople. Currently, one of the most popular forms of business in Indonesia is making purchases online. This research has implications for the development of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) theory, a technology acceptance model that was developed based on the amalgamation of other existing technology acceptance models. As described above, this research has a novelty by completing the gaps of previous studies, conducting a comprehensive study of the online business readiness of MSMEs in Malang Raya with digital marketing literacy as a mediating variable. This research uses quantitative methods. The research population of business actors in Malang Raya with a sample of 260. Data analysis used SEM PLS. Based on the research results, it is stated that entrepreneurship education can increase the online business readiness of MSMEs in Malang Raya. Entrepreneurship education can increase digital marketing literacy of MSMEs in Malang Raya. Digital marketing literacy can improve online business readiness for MSME actors in Malang Raya. Entrepreneurship education can improve online business readiness through digital marketing literacy for MSMEs in Malang Raya. Online business readiness can be increased with good quality entrepreneurship education supported by good digital marketing literacy.

User Acceptance of Adoption of Autonomous Vehicles

As research into intelligent transportation systems, it is essential to understand and examine the different factors that will impact using and accepting autonomous vehicles. To address this issue, a model of user acceptance for autonomous vehicles was adopted from existing Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) for generic technologies. A 29-item questionnaire is developed according to the model and survey conducted to evaluate autonomous vehicle owners, willing to own autonomous vehicles and vehicle owners. In the survey (N = 350) participants where (n = 220) are level 2 to 4 automation based on Society of Automobile Engineers (SAE) vehicle owners. Results showed that adopting autonomous vehicles as part of the transportation system would enhance individualised work performance besides reducing the accident rate. Based on findings, a number of implications for developers and suggestions for future research are recommended.

The Role of Personal Assistance in the Uptake of Smartphone-Based Tele-Audiology—An Extension of the Technology Acceptance Model

The arrival of new technologies in Hearing Healthcare is evident. The ability to connect hearing aids to smartphones via Bluetooth has opened up a host of new possibilities. By using an associated app, it is possible, among other things, to make an appointment with the Hearing Care Professional remotely. This function is nothing other than a further development of the classic Tele- Audiology. However, since the user base is mostly older, the question arises about the importance of the personal assistant in the clinic in setting up and explaining the technology for successful use. For this reason, a study was conducted among 110 patients who had already received such a form of intervention. For this purpose, the existing Technology Acceptance Model was further developed to include the latent variable of personal assistance. Existing basic hypotheses from other areas of application were confirmed and an additional relevant variable was identified. It could be concluded that due to a further shift of the patient generation towards baby boomers, the need for personal assistance might decrease.

기술수용모형을 통한 디지털 물류 플랫폼에서의 사용의도에 미치는 요인에 관한 연구

With the growth of the global economy, along with the rapid spread of mobile devices, e-commerce and COVID-19, transactions between shippers and logistics service companies and domestic import and export trades have shown a drastic increase. Platforms merging from the 4th industrial revolution have allowed Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) logistics service companies to participate as equal bidding service providers in Business-to-Business (B2B) logistics field. However, SME logistics services have experienced difficulties in accessing and utilizing the B2B logistics platforms because of the existing trading practices, such as information asymmetry and closures led by existing large corporations in the logistics industry. Therefore, it is necessary for the SME to study the factors that influence users’ decision to use the platform when securing its competitiveness in the logistics field. Since it is difficult to reflect a company’s relationship characteristics of B2B transactions with existing Technology Acceptance Models(TAMs), it is extended by adding fair trade and risk factors to study the technology acceptance behavior of users. The studies show that social influence, price efficiency and fair trade are the crucial variables for the users’ decision to use the platform. It also demonstrates that fair trade, in correlation to risk, has the significant impact on users’ acceptance of the platform. Based on the results of this study, it is beneficial if a company designs a platform structure from the perspective of fair trade and risks when developing a B2B platform in the future.

“My colleague is a robot” – exploring frontline employees' willingness to work with collaborative service robots

PurposeAs service robots increasingly interact with customers at the service encounter, they will inevitably become an integral part of employee's work environment. This research investigates frontline employee's perceptions of collaborative service robots (CSR) and introduces a new framework, willingness to collaborate (WTC), to better understand employee–robot interactions in the workplace.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on appraisal theory, this study employed an exploratory research approach to investigate frontline employees' cognitive appraisal of service robots and their WTC with their nonhuman counterparts in service contexts. Data collection consisted of 36 qualitative problem-centered interviews. Following an iterative thematic analysis, the authors introduce a research framework of frontline employees' WTC with service robots.FindingsFirst, this study demonstrates that the interaction between frontline employees and service robots is a multistage appraisal process based on adoption-related perceptions. Second, it identifies important attributes across three categories (employee, robot and job attributes) that provide a foundation to understand the appraisal of CSRs. Third, it presents four employee personas (supporter, embracer, resister and saboteur) that provide a differentiated perspective of how service employee–robot collaboration may differ.Practical implicationsThe article identifies important factors that enable and restrict frontline service employees' (FSEs’) WTC with robots.Originality/valueThis is the first paper that investigates the appraisal of CSRs from the perspective of frontline employees. The research contributes to the limited research on human–robot collaboration and expands existing technology acceptance models that fall short to explain post-adoptive coping behavior of service employees in response to service robots in the workplace.

Validating the TAM model in Haryana state of India: During COVID-19

Purpose -Response to the sudden pandemic, COVID-19 drastic shift of work practices requires the implementation of an e-learning system, but their adoption requires a thorough understanding of the user acceptance process. Our key effort is to incorporate a framework, “internet experience” to determine the existing Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) applicability in describing students’ s e-learning decisions in Haryana state. Design/methodology- The researcher has administered a questionnaire based on TAM’s constructs and collected data from UG and PG students of Haryana state of India. Findings – The results revealed that perceived usefulness (PU) has a significant positive relationship with continuous usage intention (CUI) whilst, perceived ease of use (PEOU), computer self-efficacy (CSE) and internet experience (IE) have not. Attitude towards E-learning system (ATELS) has found no relevance in this model. Originality/value Majority research has been done using the TAM model in a developed nation. Empirical study has not been done in Haryana state so far.

An Integrated TAM/ISS Model Based PLS-SEM Approach for Evaluating the Continuous Usage of Voice Enabled IoT Systems

The Voice Assistant (VA) market is emerging rapidly. Considering the unique features of voice technology, primarily with respect to its ability to provide a total hands-free way of communication, existing technology acceptance models might not be comprehensive enough to explain the users’ attitudes towards using this technology. Moreover, extant research on VAs are fragmented, with two separate directions. The first one takes a technology acceptance based approach, whereas the second one takes a user satisfaction based approach for explaining the usage of the VAs. In this work a comprehensive model is proposed by integrating the two separate research directions together incorporating the concepts from Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Wixom & Todd Information System Success Model (W&T ISS). Data is gathered using an online survey from 419 people, and the results are analyzed using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling. Results show a statistically significant positive association between the object-based beliefs and attitudes (Information Quality, System Quality, Service Quality) with the behavioral-based beliefs and attitudes (Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Enjoyment). Among the two other contextual factors the effect of privacy risk is found to be non-significant, whereas that of perceived compatibility is significant. Overall, the proposed research model has a good fit ( $${R}^{2}=64.6\%$$ ). Based upon the results, appropriate theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Dijital Turizm Kapsamında Şehir Tanıtımında Kullanılan Bir Araç Olarak Sanal Tur

The aim of this study is to determine factors which affect intention of the individuals towards virtual tour by adding trust external variable to the existing Technology Acceptance Model. The data were collected from 511 mobile internet users who used the virtual tour application at least once, using the online survey method. IBM SPSS Statistics 21 package program was used for descriptive statistics, reliability analysis of the data. For Structural Equation Model, analysis was carried out using the AMOS 21 package program. The results of the analysis show that; trust has significant and positive effect on perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use has significant and positive effect on perceived usefulness and attitude, perceived usefulness has significant and positive effect on attitude. However, it is understood that perceived usefulness does not have direct and positive effect on intention. In the age of digital tourism, the importance and necessity of using virtual tour to get information about cities and destinations has been emphasized.

Network Path Analysis for developing an enhanced TAM model: A user-centric e-learning perspective

The substantial use of Internet technologies for training and learning purposes of organisations has created a need to comprehend how various user-centric involvements can impact the recognized determinants of Information Technology design, acceptance and usage. This paper focuses at building a user centric framework for e-learning technologies, incorporating the constructs of security, privacy and trust with the proposal of a Network Path Analysis (NPA) algorithm. The existing Technology Acceptance Models (TAM) models are concerned with general e-commerce and retailing solutions alone. An enhanced version of the TAM model for the user-centric framework design of e-learning solutions is developed in this paper. An NPA algorithm focussing on the confirmatory data analysis of the dataset is developed to generate network models among the variables in e-learning solutions. User centric attributes, like Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Trust, Perceived Security, Perceived Privacy, Information Quality, Behavioral Intention to Use the System and Actual System Use are measured and analysed to create the enhanced model.

Smart home: Highly-educated students' acceptance

In the coming years, cities face an urban transition in order to manage their resources, public administration, safety, regional economics, education, innovation, health, culture, and entertainment an efficient way. The Smart City concept includes several smart dimensions relating to the environment, mobility, the economy, governance, people, and living. This study explores the impact of Smart home dimensions on highly-educated students, drawn from what is known as the “digital native” population, one of the key components of the smart living concept. As digital natives are already engaged with the adoption of new technologies and sustainable development, we have postulated that they would be keen to use smart technologies in the home that could improve their daily life while preserving the environment. This study tests a scale developed to measure consumer perception of the Smart Home Concept (SHC) and the impact on “Performance Expectancy” and “Habit”. The model was built using some of the constructs of existing technology acceptance models, such as the UTAUT2 and TAM2 models. Based on our findings, digital natives seem ready to adopt the SHC and our results highlight the fact that Smart Home products could be targeted at this specific population.

Factors influencing the adoption of mobile commerce applications in Cameroon

As smartphone penetration continues to double in Sub-Saharan Africa, many businesses are looking into this channel for conducting their business activities. In Cameroon, all the top e-commerce giants have deployed smartphone applications to facilitate m-commerce activities. However, little is known about the factors that influence m-commerce adoption in the country. As such, this study had as objective to determine the key factors that influence consumer’s adoption of m-commerce applications in Cameroon. Using data from 372 respondents, a modified version of the extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2) was validated in the Cameroon context. The findings showed that social influence, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivations, perceived risk and perceived trust were significant predictors of the behavioural intention to adopt m-commerce applications. Also, the results showed that consumers who had a high intention to adopt m-commerce were more likely to recommend the technology to others. For researchers, the study depicts the relevance of extending existing technology acceptance models like the UTUAT2 with appropriate factors in different technological and geographical context. For practitioners, the study identifies customer-specific and environmental factors that m-commerce providers in Cameroon and other regions with similar characteristics could consider when designing and implementing strategies for attracting consumers to use their m-commerce applications.

How to make them use it? Citizens acceptance of M-government

With the evolution of mobile technologies and its applications, more and more government agencies are putting forth a huge effort to encourage citizens to use mobile government services. Hence, the citizens’ opinion is important to enhance the services and improve their engagement in the government services. Hence, this study has critically reviewed and explored the existing technology acceptance models and theories in order to develop an evaluation framework. The proposed framework is empirically tested by structural equation modeling using data collected from a structured questionnaire. Furthermore, the validated research model contains important variables to ensure the acceptance of mobile services. We hope that the implications of this study will help the public organizations and governments to gain more understanding about what drives the development and acceptance of mobile government services.

Resistance and Acceptance of Mobile Innovations in Accordance to Age Groups: Centered on a Comparative Study between the New Generation and Older Age Groups

Background/Objectives: Lately, diverse studies are being conducted on smartphones by comparing and analyzing usage frequency of application available in the device and the degree of acceptance in innovative functions between the new and old generation. Methods/Statistical Analysis: By means of analyzing the existing technology acceptance model and theoretical study on innovation assurance, variables that were expected to have an impact on acceptance of applications were set and a research model was developed. To verify the research model, a survey was conducted targeting the new generation (aged twenty), the group aged over forty, and the group aged over fifty to sixty. Finding: This work sets the research model and hypothesis based on the information systems Technology Acceptance Model in order to analyze the acceptance factors in smartphone services, and the hypothesis was tested through empirical analysis. First, the self-efficacy of smartphone service users had a significant impact on perceived ease of use and usefulness. Secondly, promoting smartphone services proved to have a significant impact on perceived usefulness and ease of use. Thirdly, the security of smartphone services had a significant impact on the users’ perceived ease of use. Fourth, perceived ease of use and usefulness had a significant impact on the degree of acceptance among users, and the impact of ease of use was greater in the high-age group while the impact of usefulness was greater in the low-age group. Improvements/Applications: The results of this study may help companies in expanding their consumer bases and stimulating industry activation. Since some age groups react more sensitively at maintainability than usefulness, it will also provide a guideline if the right strategy will be adopted.

Telecare acceptance as sticky entrapment: A realist review

Background Telecare is important in future governmental health and social plans. Telecare acceptance is one of the factors that appears to be vital for uptake and thus important to understand. Different technology acceptance models have been applied but judged to be insufficient in assessing telecare acceptance with older people. The purpose of this paper is to review and evaluate why the existing technology acceptance models fall short when applied to telecare and propose an improved approach for assessing telecare acceptance. Methods This is a realist review with iterative searches. Four search engines covering approximately 50 databases in health, social science and technology were used in each of the three stepwise searches. The searches started wide, funnelling down to pursue the interesting results that emerged. According to the realist approach, particular focus has been on context, and transparency is applied by explicitly documenting the reasons for decisions to enable readers to make their own judgments. Results & Discussion This literature review provides evidence for the shortcomings of the exciting technology acceptance models when used for assessing telecare acceptance. By applying entanglement theory on issues where technology assessment models have shown inadequate, new perspectives emerge. These perspectives are significant for users’ acceptance of telecare, however not highlighted when using technology acceptance models. These perspectives include dealing with imagined situations, fear of not handling technology, the significance of contexts, and users’ adjustments of technology to better suit their needs. The identification of these dependences and dependencies appear to be essential for assessing telecare acceptance, and previously not captured by technology acceptance models.

Acceptance and use of electronic medical records: An exploratory study of hospital physicians’ salient beliefs about HIT systems

If a hospital keeps electronic medical records (EMRs), the underlying health information system is the primary repository and source of patient-related data for hospital physicians. Even though the benefits and improvements attained through health information technology (HIT) are widely acknowledged, EMR adoption rates are surprisingly low in German hospitals. Since there is no ‘pull’ to use EMR systems, we theorize that low penetration of EMR systems could be in part explained by physicians’ antipathy towards computerized medical records. In order to examine physicians’ salient beliefs about EMRs and EMR usage and to identify the processes that form them, we conducted a multi-case study in German hospitals, drawing on concepts from Social Cognitive Theory and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to elicit beliefs and structure our analysis. This study sheds light on different types of beliefs and the belief-forming process and their impact on HIT acceptance and use. Our findings indicate that HIT acceptance and use is not solely impacted by cognitive behavioural and environmental factors, as proposed by UTAUT, but also by personal factors such as self-efficacy and emotions. Furthermore, our study provides evidence of continuous reciprocal causation across behavioural, personal and environmental beliefs. The findings indicate that existing technology acceptance models need to be modified for the specific health-care context by adapting the range, meaning and scope of constructs.

User value design for cloud courseware system

A cloud learning environment enables an enriched learning experience compared to conventional methods of learning. Employing a value-sensitive approach, we undertook theoretical and empirical analyses to explore the values that influence potential users’ adoption of cloud courseware, by integrating cognitive motivations and user values as primary determining factors. We found that users’ intentions and behaviours are largely influenced by their perceptions of what is valuable about the cloud courseware in terms of sociability, learnability, and usability. These evaluations were found to be significant antecedents of cloud-computing intentions. This study makes a contribution to theory development as our model extends existing technology acceptance models and can be used to design user interfaces and promote the acceptance of cloud computing. For practical applications, the study findings can be used by industries promoting cloud services to increase user acceptance by addressing user values and incorporating them into cloud-computing design.